García (Nuevo León)
García is a town in the state of Nuevo León, head of the municipality of the same name.
History
Known as Pesquería Grande, this city was later named García in honor of the former governor of Nuevo León, Joaquín García. It has a territorial area of 853.2 km². It borders to the north with Mina, General Escobedo and Hidalgo to the south and east with Santa Catarina and to the west with the state of Coahuila.
In Villa de García the Sierra del Fraile stands imposingly, framing the valley of this picturesque town.
The first formal settlement of this territory was in the year 1583, when Captain Manuel de Mederos established the Hacienda de San Juan Bautista de la Pesquería Grande in this place. In 1606, Captain Manuel de Mederos partnered with Diego de Huelva and José de Treviño to cultivate corn and wheat in the area, beginning the development of this region. Factories have been installed in the municipality that are part of the Monterrey-Ramos Arizpe industrial corridor, where the Automotive, Glass and Mining Industries stand out.
Around 1730 the hacienda was elevated to the category of Valley, a Political Hierarchy that granted them the power to choose a mayor, chosen by the few neighbors who knew how to read and write.
In 1754 there were 40 families who, for the most part, were dedicated to raising small livestock, and a few to agriculture, because the land contained too much saltpeter, and the water was very unhealthy and thick.
On March 31, 1851 and according to decree No. 112, issued on that date, by the Congress of the State of Nuevo León, it was elevated to the category of municipality, imposing the name García, in honor and memory of C. Joaquín García, distinguished politician of the region who was twice governor of the State of Nuevo León.
Geography
Orography
García has some mountains and hills, among which the El Fraile hill located north of the city stands out; Its foothills extend across a large part of the territory. The Espinazo de Ambrosio mountain range touches the city in the north. The Cerro de las Mitras extends from Monterrey to García. On El Fraile hill are the well-known García Grottoes.
Hydrography
The Pesquería River crosses the city from southwest to southeast and to the north the Salinas River, both with intermittent currents; The Nacataz waterhole is located four kilometers from García. Regarding dams, these include: the Icamole and García dam and the Cristaloza dam, also located west of García.
Climate
The climate in the city is warm, with great thermal oscillation. Its average annual temperature is 18°C; The hottest months are in July and August, with rain in April, May and from August to November. The direction of the winds, in general, is from east to west.
Main ecosystems
Flora
Arid conditions prevail, the vegetation is mainly made up of thorny bushes and low trees with a mixture of judas, agaves and cacti. Among the most common plants are: izote, mesquite, cat's claw, ebony, palo verde, vara dulce, saladilla and governa.
Fauna
It is made up of coyote, wild cat, wild boar, armadillo, desert fox, rat, and rabbit; Among the birds, the Tejano and Escamora quail, owl, bitter, brown duck, woodpecker, chindiquito and chilero stand out.
Demography
| Historical population | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pob. | ±% |
| 1900 | 2507 | - |
| 1910 | 4041 | +61.2% |
| 1921 | 2231 | −44.8% |
| 1930 | 1988 | −10.9% |
| 1940 | 2209 | +11.1% |
| 1950 | 1644 | −25.6% |
| 1960 | 1869 | +13.7% |
| 1970 | 3222 | +72.4% |
| 1980 | 7617 | +136.4% |
| 1990 | 9845 | +29.3% |
| 2000 | 25 059 | +154.5% |
| 2010 | 93 641 | +273.7% |
| 2020 | 234 698 | +150.6% |
The city of García has, according to data from the XIV General Population and Housing Census of the INEGI, a population of 397,205 inhabitants in 2020, making it the 8th most populated city in the state of Nuevo León and the 71st city most populated in Mexico. From 2010 to 2020, it had an increase of 141,057 inhabitants, more than doubling the number of inhabitants, making it one of the cities in Mexico with the highest rate of population growth along with Playa del Carmen and Cancún in Quintana Roo, Cabo San Lucas in Baja California. Sur and Ciudad Benito Juárez in the same state of Nuevo León.
| Graphic of demographic evolution of García between 1900 and 2020 |
 |
Population of censuses of the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) from 1900 to 2020. |
Tourist attractions
The main tourist attraction is the García Grottoes, made up of an extensive series of galleries. They can be accessed via a cable car. In addition to its extraordinary formations of stalactites and stalagmites, shells and snails can be observed on the walls of various sections. Its mansions from the beginning of the last century are part of the northeastern color and elegance of this region.
Xenpal is a space dedicated to the coexistence of the general public with a wide variety of exotic and domestic animals, located at the foot of Cerro del Fraile.
Museums such as the OJO, and the Casa Rosa, where crafts are displayed, both local and from all over Mexico, the Icamole Museum, where there is a collection of antiques from the culture and the region; in addition to the Old Government Palace museum, where various exhibitions are shown seasonally.
20 km from García, there is an old town of an old hacienda established in the XVIII century, a site historic, because Generals Porfirio Díaz, Gerónimo Treviño, Naranjo, Quiroga as well as Raúl Madero González and Felipe Ángeles were there, as well as Genaro Garza García, governor of Nuevo León on several occasions.
On May 20, 1876, on the road to Icamole, the Battle of Icamole occurred in which Porfirio Díaz; At the head of the Tuxtepec Revolution, he was defeated by generals Fuero and Quiroga, a defeat that earned Díaz the epithet “El llorón de Icamole”, when he burst into tears due to helplessness and courage.
In the historic center there are the temple dedicated to San Juan Bautista (main temple), the Santo Cristo (where the remains of Lic. Genaro Garza García rest) and one more dedicated to San Elías. All of them more than 200 years old.
The García Water Park has pools up to 1.70 meters deep, grills, wading pools and rappelling. Likewise.
Also, there are other activities such as boats with rows and pedals, where families can explore the canal.
Culture and Festivities
- On June 24, the Santo Patrono municipality is celebrated.
- From 1 to 15 September is the fair of the pomegranate.
- On August 6, the temple of the Holy Christ and the church of St. Elijah was celebrated.
Economic activities
García contributes 1.8% of the state's GDP, which is the value of all goods and services produced or marketed by each economic unit as a result of its activities.
Quality of Life in García
García is a municipality whose population is growing rapidly. An approximate of 119.6 people join the territory daily, given its population growth rate of 11% annually (data based on the INEGI 2020 Population and Housing Census), currently 397,205 people live there.
The following information is based on the 2005 Census of the National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics (INEGI):
García has a total of 8,689 homes, of which 8,580 are normal houses or apartments. 535 homes have dirt floors and 803 consist of a single room. Likewise, there are 8,277 homes with sanitary facilities, 8,089 that are connected to the public network and 8,415 have electricity.
Approximately 560 García homes have one or more computers, 6,725 have at least a washing machine, and 8,213 have one or more televisions.
On May 9, 2016, the García government announced that young people with motor, hearing or visual disabilities will have access to inclusive education. The institution, located at General Treviño No. 501, in the García Center, provides care to 300 high school and higher education students through in-person and online classes.
Illustrious people
- Joaquín García: politician and governor of Nuevo León.
- Genaro Garza García:lawyer and politician, governor of Nuevo León on 5 occasions.
- Canuto García: attorney and politician, governor of Nuevo León.
- Manuel de Mederos: founder of the Treasury.
- Gonzalo Fernández de Castro: Military, People, Mayor and Regiver.
- Antonio de Sobrevilla: discoverer of García's caves in 1843.
- Serapio Garza Espinosa: mayor murdered in 1950 businessman social fighter and strong merchant of NL
Image gallery
Garden of the main square.
Garcia's Grottoes.
Location of the municipality of García.
Twinnings
McAllen (Texas)
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