Flora of Tuxtla Gutiérrez

The Tuxtlecan vegetation is characterized by having a well-defined and prolonged dry season. Most of the vegetation, especially in the valley, is 'Low deciduous forest'. The other type of vegetation in municipal areas is the "High or medium sub-deciduous forest".

The high or medium-sized sub-deciduous forest is found in the most humid places in the municipality, such as stream meadows, ravines and deep ravines. The trees grow up to 25-30 meters in height. Half of the population of tall trees is defoliated in the dry season (February-May).

The low deciduous forest is found in the open spaces of the municipality. Trees normally do not exceed 8-15 meters in height. Almost the entire population of trees and shrubs lose their leaves in drought (November-May).

Native species

Trees of greater height

Amate, olive (Simarouba glauca), Aiguné (Zuelania guidonia), aguacatillo (Nectandra globosa), cacho de toro (Bucida macrostachya), shrimp tree (Alvaradoa amorphoides), cinnamon (Calycophyllum candidissium), capulin (Trema micrantha), chestnut (Sterculia apetala), cedar (Cedrela odorata), sapodilla (Manildara achras) (Achras zapota), chucamay (Styrax argenteux), gourd (Leucaena collinsii), white gourd (Albizzia caribaea), guanacaste (Enterolobium cyclocarpum), guayabillo (Psidium sartorianum), jocotillo (Astronium graveolens), lanta (it is the wild sospó), matilisguate (Tabebuia rosea) (< i>Tabebuia pentaphylla), blackberry (Chlorophora tinctoria), mulatto (Bursera simaruba), nambimbo (Ehrethia tinifolia), little bird (Cordia allidora), Ceiba pentandra (pochota), spring (Cybistax donnell-smithii) (Roseodendron donnell-smithii), sospó (Pseudobombax ellipticum), totoposte (Licania arborea), red sapote (Pouteria zapota), black sapote (Diospyros nigra), madrecacao (Cacahuance).

Shorter trees

Anona (Annona reticulata), Brazil (Haematoxylon brasiletto), chincuya (Annona purpurea), cuajilote (Parmentiera aculeata) (Parmentiera edulis), cuaulote (Guazuma ulmifolia), caobilla (Swietenia humilis), cuchunuc (Gliricidia sepium), copales (Bursera bipinnata) (Bursera diversifoliua) (Bursera excelsa), cupapé (Cordia dodecandra), May flower (Plumeria rubra), guaje (Leucaena collinsii), guajpó (Heliocarpus reticulatus), guamuchil (Pithecellobium dulce), soursop, guava (Talisia olivaeformis), isthmus jasmine (Bourreria huanita), jobo (Spondias mombin), jocote (Spondia purpurea ), maluco (Genipa Americana), matzú (Cordia dentata), mesquite (Prosopis juliflora), motmot ( Ceiba aesculifolia), nanche, morro (Crescentia cujete), papausa (Annona diversifolia), papaya (carica papaya), pito (Erythrina goldmanii), pumpushuti (Chochlospermun vitifolium), quebracho (Acacia milleriana), ramón colorado (Trophis racemosa), shoebreaker (Bumelia celastrina), sassafras (Bursera graveolens), taray (Eysenhardtia adenostylis), tepeguate (Lysiloma sp.), tincuí (Gyrocarpus americanus), tzatzupú (Sapindus saponaria).

Shrubs

Aguaná (Gymnopodium floribundum var. antigodes), annatto (Bixa orellana), akits or "coyol de bishop" (Thevetia ahouai), tablecloth beard (Bauhinia divaricata), capulin (Muntingia calabura), candox (matilimí) (Tecoma stans ), chinchemalinche (Caesalpinia pulcherrima), chaya de Castilla (Cnidoscolus chayamansa), chirca (Thevetia peruviana), five negritos (Comocladia guatemalensis), cojón de cochi (Stemmadenia mollis), convulí (Thevetia ovata), piñon (or cuipú) (Jatropha curcas ), Christmas Eve flower, huitumbillo (Ardisia escallonioides), huisache (Vachellia farnesiana), ishcanal (Acacia collinsii), nancerol (Malpighia mexicana), patzipocá (Cassia skinneri), louse bush (Hippocratea excelsa), punupunú (Euphorbia leucocephala), ziqueté (Bonellia macrocarpa), sosa (Solanum torvum), timbrillo (Acacia angustissima), sumacqui (Sagereretia elegans i>), patzipocá (Cassia skinneri), petsjoyó (Galphimia glauca), Masú (Cordia dentata) (called nanguipó i> by the zoques), sicqueté (Jacquinia aurantiaca).

Herbs

Angel wing (Begonia corallina de luzern), arnica (Tithonia diversifolia), alantana (Lantana camara), wild basil (< i>Ocimunmicranthun), pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus), cihuapatle (Pluchea odorata), chambray (Cosmos sulphureus), bell angel (Turnera ulmifolia), cardosanto (Argemone mexicana), coralillo (Hamelia patens), cosmos (Cosmos bipinnatus), chichigüita (Solanum mammosum), Cempasúchil, chipilín (Crotalaria longirostrata), epazote (Chenopodium ambrosioides var. ambrosioides), swallow grass (Euphorbia hirta), cargopalito grass (Psychotria erythrocarpa), dog grass (Calea urticifolia), chicken grass (Commelina sp.), fox grass (Petiveria alliaceae), holy herb (Piper auritum), lanté (Plantago major), tears of Mary or "star of Bethlehem" (Hippobroma longiflora), plantain (Catharantus roseus), malvón, marigold (Miriabilis jalapa), peludillo (Turnera diffusa), platanillo (Heliconia humilis), pojancopac (Euphorbia dentata), vinewort (Asclepias curassavica), mocseté (Lantana camara), sensitive, immortelle (Gomphrena decumbens) (Gomphrena globosa), tassel grass (Capraria biflora), tempenchile or timpinchile (< i>Capsicum frutescens var. baccatum), a foot (Elytraria imbricata).

Bejucos

Canoite (Pithecoctenium crucigerum) (Pithecoctenium echinatum schum), brush (Combretum fruticosum) (Combretum farinosum), condúa (Gonolobus sp.), chichicaste (Gronovia scandens), choreque (Ramirezella strobilophora var. burseri), guaco (Aristolochia anguicida), jicamo (Pachyrrhizum erosus), love bow or "lilac captain", sandpaper (Petrea volubilis), mantle (Ipomea learií), nanchibejuco (Celtis iguanaea), deer's eye (Mucuna argyrophylla), pitahaya (Selenicereus undatus), puyú or " rosary" or "beautiful" (Antigonon leptosus), puyuí (Ipomoea triloba), tunuc (Antigonon guatemalense), tumbacaballo (Turbina corymbosa), yumí (Dioscorea cymosula), booby bird (Ipomoea carica).

Other plants

Quequeshte (mafafa) (Xanthosoma roseum), candelaria flower (Cattleya skinneri) (Laelia superbiens), May flower (< i>Plumeria rubra), pituti (Lasiasis divaricata), piñuela (Bromelia karatas), maguey tuxtleco (Agave sisalana), poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima), cactus, corn, dahlia (Dahlia pinnata), anthuriumAnthurium andraeanum.

Naturalized plants

Mango (from India), tamarind (from India), flamboyant (from Madagascar), jacaranda (jacaranda mimosifolia) (from Brazil), Indian laurel (Ficus nitida), royal palm (Roystonea regia) (which comes from Cuba), Indian tulip (Spathodea campanulata) (which comes from Africa), hibiscus (< i>Hibiscus rosa-sinnesis) (misnamed tulip in Chiapas), Aloe, Oleander, castor (Ricinus communis), banana, narcissus, orchid, tree orchid (Bauhinia variegata), begonia, black begonia (Chrysothemis pulchella), petunia, geranium (Pelargonium inquinans), bougainvillea, campanula (lantern), water lily ( Nymphaea ampla), St. John's lily (Habranthus tubispathus), lily of the valley or "palenque" (Crinum cruentum), African lily or "powerful Lily" (Haemanthus multiflorus), orange blossoms (Citrus arantifolia), red and white amaryllis (Hippeastrum vittatum), American amaryllis (Hippeastrum punniceaum), confetti lily (Canna indica), pink lily or "scarelet beauty" (Canna generalis), rostrata (Heliconia rostrata), Madagascar vinca (juantita or indita) (Vinca roseus) (Catharantus roseus ), bird of paradise (Strelitzia reginae), residon (Lawsonia inermis), president rose (Rosa grandiflora), majesty rose (Rosa borboniana), penumbra (tree chrysanthemum) (Montanoa grandiflora), gathering of young ladies (Ixora finlay), braid of indita (< i>Episcia cupreata), canafistula (Cassia fistola), carolina (Zinnia elegans), Clarín (Quamoclit coccinea moench), muraya (Murraya paniculata), butterfly (Hedichium coronarium), daisy (Viguiera dentata), silkworm (chenille) (Acalyphia hispida), wax flower or "shell ginger" (Alpinia nutans), chocolate flower or "ragoon creeper" (Quisqualis indica), lattice or "silk flower" or "rooster's comb" (Celosia argentea), lady of the night or "Saint Teresa" or "delphiniums" (Epifhyllum oxypetallum), scourer (Luffa cylíndrica), torch (Phaeomeria magnifica), amanda (Thunbergia grandiflora), jasmine from Italy or "bride ship" (Clerodendrum fragans), Ilan ilán or "royal jasmine" or "Spanish jasmine" (Jasminum grandiflorum), Hawaiian or "red ginger" (Alpinia purpurata), girls or "Miss Hong Kong"