February 8th

February 8 is the 39th (thirty-ninth) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 326 days left to end the year and 327 in leap years.

Events

• 421: Constantine III becomes the co-emperator of the Eastern Roman Empire.
• 1238: the Mongols burn the Russian city of Vladimir.
• 1517: part of Santiago (Cuba) the expedition organized by Diego Velázquez (governor of the island) in order to conquer Mexico.
• 1575: in Leiden the University of Leiden is founded under the nomination of "Praesidium Libertatis".
• 1586: The General Hospital was founded in Madrid.
• 1587: In England, Mary Stuart is executed on suspicion of being involved in the Babington plot to kill her cousin Elizabeth I of England.
• 1590: Luis de Carvajal and de la Cueva is tortured by the Holy Inquisition in Mexico City.
• 1601: In England, Robert Devereux (Count of Essex), stands in arms against Isabel I.
• 1622: In England, King James I dissolves the Parliament.
• 1692: in Salem (Massachusetts) a doctor suggests that two girls in the village could be witches, leading what would be called the trials of the witches of Salem.
• 1726: The Privy Supreme Council is established in Russia.
• 1762: in Russia assumes the throne Catherine the Great.
• 1807: In the battle of Eylau, Napoleon Bonaparte defeats the Russian forces led by General Bennigsen.
• 1814: Simon Bolivar orders that 836 Spanish prisoners be passed through the weapons, most of them neutral.
• 1815: The Vienna Congress is held in Austria; in it, many countries agree to abolish the slave trade.
• 1817: Las Heras crosses the Andes with his army to join General San Martín and liberate Chile from the Spanish Empire.

Battle of Juncal, 1827.

• 1827: first day of the battle of Juncal in which the Argentine Navy defeats the Empire of Brazil
• 1849: the New Roman Republic is established.
• 1863: Russia and Prussia signed an agreement to facilitate the persecution of Polish parties in Prussian territory.
• 1865: The state of Delaware (United States) rejects the thirteenth amendment to the constitution and votes for the continuation of slavery. It would then be ratified in 1901.
• 1879: Sandford Fleming proposes the adoption of universal time in a lecture at the Royal Canadian Institute.
• 1881: In South Africa the Battle of Schuinsoote (also known as Ingogo) is released, in which the British are defeated by the Boers.
• 1887: In the United States, the Dawes proposal authorizes the President of the United States to divide the Indian tribes and distribute them on small plots of land.
• 1900: In Ladysmith, South Africa, the Boeres defeat the British army.
• 1904: In Lushun, China, a Japanese torpedo starts the Russian-Japanese War (Port Arthur Battle).
• 1904: In the framework of the Aceh War, the Marechaussee regiment of the Dutch Colonial Army led by General G.C.E. van Daalen launches a military campaign to capture Gayo Highland, Alas Highland and Batak Highland in the northern Sumatra region of the Dutch East Indies, ending with a genocide against the Aceh and Batak peoples.
• 1910: William D. Boyce founded the Boys Scouts of the United States.
• 1910: In Vigo, Spain, a fire destroys Castro's Rosalía theatre.
• 1915: in Los Angeles the controversial racist film is released The Birth of a Nation (from D. W. Griffith), promoting the Ku Klux Klan.
• 1917: In Concepción del Uruguay, (Argentina) founded the Club Gimnasia and Esgrima
• 1922: United States President Warren G. Harding makes the first radio speech from the White House.
• 1924: The first gas execution is carried out in Nevada (United States).
• 1931: In Spain, the Athletic Club achieves the highest score in the history of the Spanish league against F. C. Barcelona for 12-1.
• 1934: During the Second Spanish Republic, the Government ordered the general disarmament of the Spanish civilian population.
• 1937: the Francoist troops conquer Malaga.
• 1937: the massacre of the Malaga-Almeria road takes place.
• 1939: He arrives in Paris, escaped from Spain, Lluís Companys, president of the Generality of Catalonia.
• 1941: in France the sculpture "Dama de Elche" for Spain is rescued.
• 1945: Paraguay declares the War to Germany after pressure from the United States Government to support the causes of the Allies in World War II.
• 1949: in Hungary, Cardinal Mindszenty is sentenced to imprisonment for plotting against the Communist Government.
• 1950: the Stasi, the secret police of East Germany was founded.
• 1952: in the United Kingdom Isabel II is proclaimed queen.
• 1955: In the USSR, Prime Minister Georgi Malenkov resigns, and Nikolái Bulganin happens.
• 1955: In the province of Sind (Pakistan), the Government suppresses feudalism.
• 1957: King Saud of Arabia visits the United States; the president promises him military aid in exchange for harboring American bases.
• 1962: In Paris, the French police murder 9 trade unionists in protests against the Nazi collaborator Maurice Papon (then head of the City Police Prefecture).
• 1963: President John F. Kennedy prohibits Americans from travelling as well as any commercial or financial exchange with Cuba.
• 1968: In Orangeburg (South Carolina) a mob of white civilians murders Black students from the State University of South Carolina who protested against racism. (Masacre of Orangeburg).
• 1969: in the vicinity of Pueblito de Allende (Mexico) falls one of the most important recovered meteorites.
• 1971: first day of recruitment of Nasdaq.
• 1974: after 84 days in space, returns to Earth the last crew that dwelt in the American space station Skylab.
• 1974: A military coup takes place in Upper Volta.
• 1979: In the Republic of the Congo, Denis Sassou-Nguesso becomes president.
• 1979: In Algeria, Colonel Chadli Bendjedid is elected head of the State.
• 1981: in Mallorca, Spain, the UCD congress elects Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo to the presidency of the government and Agustín Rodríguez Sahagún president of the party.
• 1986: In Los Angeles, the Arleigh McCrea (one of the best explosive experts in the world) and Ronald Ball die when they try to dismantle a bomb.
• 1994: in Spain, the executive of UGT agrees to propose to Cándido Méndez as a substitute for Redondo.
• 1994: the Ulysses orca leaves Barcelona to recalarn in an aquarama of the United States.
• 1996: In the United States, the government approves the Telecommunications Decency Act.
• 1997: The last chapter of the successful anime series is issued in Japan, Sailor Moon.
• 1999: in the village of Naraianpur, 85 km west of the sacred city of Gaya, the terrorist group Ranvir Sena (formed by right-wing Hindu landowners) kill 12 men, women and Dalits (low caste people). A year earlier (on 1 December 1997), Ranvir Sena killed 74 dalits in the nearby village of Laksmanpur Bathe.
• 1999: Abdalah II of Jordan swears his position as a new king and appoints his sister-in-law Hamza, after the death of his father King Hussein.
• 2000: In Belgrade, Yugoslavia, Defense Minister Pavle Bulatovic is shot dead.
• 2001: they first sequester the complete genome of an extinct animal.
• 2002: In Spain, the Government Council of Ministers approves the Draft Law on Services of the Information Society and Electronic Commerce (LSSI).
• 2003: in Bogotá, Colombia, a car-bomba explodes in the club building El Nogal, leaving a balance of 30 fatal victims and a hundred wounded, including several children.
• 2003: In Andoáin (Guipuzcoa), the terrorist group ETA murders Joseba Pagazaurtundua, head of the local police and member of the Socialist Group.
• 2005: Israel and the Palestinian National Authority sign a ceasefire.
• 2005: the Tamil politician and Sri Lanka A. Chandranehru dies of wounds sustained in an ambush the day before.
• 2018: In Peru the protest march Jimena reborns, due to the cruel murder of the youngest Maria Jimena.
• 2019: in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the Ninho do Urubu Fire occurred where 10 young footballers from Flamengo died and 3 wounded.

Births

• 410: Procle, Greek philosopher (f. 485).
• 1291: Alfonso IV of Portugal, King of Portugal and Algarve (f. 1357).
• 1405: Constantine XI Paleologist, Byzantine emperor (f. 1453).
• 1552: Théodore-Agrippa d'Aubigné, a French writer and poet (f. 1630).
• 1577: Robert Burton, clergyman, writer and English scholar (f. 1640).
• 1649: Gabriel Daniel, French Jesuit historian (f. 1728).
• 1677: Jacques Cassini, French astronomer (f. 1756).
• 1700: Daniel Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician (f. 1782).
• 1720: Sakuramachi, Japanese emperor (f. 1750).
• 1741: André Ernest Modeste Grétry, Belgian composer (f.1813)
• 1785: Martín Miguel de Güemes, Argentine military (f. 1821).
• 1794: Friedrich Ferdinand Runge, German analytical chemist (f. 1867).
• 1810: Eliphas Lévi, occultist, writer and French magician (f. 1875).
• 1814: Juan Rafael Mora Porras, president of Costa Rica between 1849 and 1859 (f. 1860).
• 1819: John Ruskin, writer, art critic and British reformist (f. 1900).
• 1820: William Tecumseh Sherman, American military (f. 1891).
• 1825: Henry Walter Bates, British entomologist (f. 1892).
• 1828: Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, Spanish politician (f. 1897).
• 1828: Julio Verne, French novelist of science fiction (f. 1905).
• 1834: Dimitri Mendeleyev, Russian chemist (f. 1907).
• 1848: Digby Mackworth Dolben, British poet (f. 1867).
• 1850: Kate Chopin, American writer (f. 1904).
• 1864: Luis Gonzaga Urbina, a Mexican writer and poet (f. 1934).
• 1868: Felix Díaz, Mexican military and political (f. 1945).
• 1870: Enrique Santamarina, an Argentine politician (f. 1937).
• 1878: Martin Buber, an Israeli philosopher and writer (f. 1965).
• 1880: Franz Marc, German painter (f. 1916).
• 1883: Joseph Alois Schumpeter, Austrian-American economist (f. 1950).
• 1886: Charles Ruggles, American actor (f. 1970).
• 1888: Edith Evans, British actress (f. 1976).
• 1890: Claro M. Recto, Filipino nationalist (f. 1960).
• 1893: Hermann Schererer, German sculptor (f. 1927).
• 1894: King Vidor, American filmmaker (f. 1982).
• 1894: Rosita Renard, Chilean pianist (f. 1949).
• 1905: Genaro Lahuerta López, Spanish painter and retratist (f. 1985).
• 1906: Chester Carlson, physicist, inventor and businessman (f. 1968).
• 1906: Pablo Palitos, an Argentine actor of Spanish origin (f. 1989).
• 1908: Rafael Lapesa, Spanish teacher, writer and academic (f. 2001).
• 1909: Saturnino de la Fuente García, zapatero y supercentenario español (f. 2022).
• 1909: Vasili Rakov, Soviet military pilot (f. 1996)
• 1911: Elizabeth Bishop, American poet (f. 1979).
• 1913: Betty Field, American actress (f. 1973).
• 1915: Luis María Boffi Boggero, politician, lawyer and minister of the Supreme Court of Justice of Argentina (f. 1984).
• 1915: Sergio Correa Gac, Chilean priest (f. 2007).
• 1918: Enrique Tierno Galván, Spanish politician (f. 1986).
• 1919: Peter Berglar, German historian (f. 1989).
• 1920: Robert William Bemer, a pioneer in American computing (f. 2004).
• 1921: Hans Albert, German philosopher.
• 1921: Lana Turner, American actress (f. 1995).
• 1923: Fofó, Spanish clown (f. 1976).
• 1924: Khamtai Siphandon, a Laosian politician and military, President of Laos between 1998 and 2006.
• 1925: Jack Lemmon, American actor (f. 2001).
• 1926: Neal Cassady, American writer (f. 1968).

James Dean

• 1926: Guillermo Morón, a Venezuelan writer (f. 2021).
• 1930: Manuel Castillo, Spanish composer and pianist (f. 2005).
• 1930: Miguel Covián Pérez, politician, intellectual and Mexican journalist (f. 2009).
• 1931: James Dean, American actor (f. 1955).
• 1932: Humberto Martínez Salcedo, actor, journalist and Colombian humorist (f. 1986).
• 1932: Cliff Allison, British Formula 1 pilot (f. 2005).
• 1932: Horst Eckel, German footballer (f. 2021).
• 1932: John Williams, American composer.
• 1933: Elly Ameling, Dutch soprano.
• 1935: Luis María Anson, a Spanish journalist and writer.
• 1936: Kitty de Hoyos, Mexican actress (f. 1999).
• 1940: Bohdan Paczyński, Lithuanian-Polish astronomer and astrophysicist (f. 2007).
• 1940: Sophie Kanza, Angolan policy, Minister of Social Affairs of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (f. 1999)
• 1941: Nick Nolte, American actor, model and producer.
• 1942: Alberto Restuccia, actor, performer, playwright, theatre director and Uruguayan professor (f. 2020).
• 1943: Ricardo Prieto, playwright, poet and Uruguayan narrator (f. 2008).
• 1943: Valerie Thomas, American scientist and inventor.
• 1944: Sebastião Salgado, Brazilian photographer.
• 1946: Jorge Carlos Alcocer Varela, Mexican doctor.
• 1947: John McCarthy Roll, U.S. Federal Judge (f. 2011).
• 1949: Florinda Meza, Mexican actress and comedian.
• 1950: Sanyutei Enraku, a Japanese rakugo comedian (f. 2022).
• 1952: Consuelo Mariño, Spanish writer.
• 1952: Marinho Chagas, Brazilian footballer (f. 2014).
• 1952: Daisuke Gōri, Japanese seiyū (f. 2010).
• 1953: Mary Steenburgen, British actress.

Mauritius Macri

• 1955: John Grisham, American writer.
• 1957: Norberto Verea, footballer and Argentine sports journalist.
• 1958: Marina Silva, Brazilian politics.
• 1959: Mauricio Macri, Argentine engineer and businessman, president of Argentina from 2015 to 2019.
• 1960: Benigno Aquino III, Filipino politician, president of the Philippines from 2010 to 2016 (f. 2021).
• 1960: Alfred Gusenbauer, Austrian ex-chancellor.
• 1961: Vince Neil, American singer, Mötley Crüe.
• 1962: Manolo Hierro, Spanish footballer.
• 1964: Trinny Woodall, British fashion consultant.
• 1965: Mathilda May, French actress.
• 1965: Miguel Pardeza, Spanish footballer.

Big show

• 1966: Hristo Stoichkov, Bulgarian footballer.
• 1968: Gary Coleman, American actor (f. 2010).
• 1969: Mary McCormack, American actress.
• 1970: Alonzo Mourning, American basketball player.
• 1972: Paul Wight, Big showAmerican professional fighter.
• 1972: Hiroshi Tsuchida, Japanese seiyū.
• 1973: Fanny Lu, Colombian actress and singer.

Guy-Manuel along with his Duft Punk partner, Thomas Bangalter

• 1974: Ulysses of the Cross, Ecuadorian footballer.
• 1974: Seth Green, American actor.
• 1974: Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo, French musician, from the Daft Punk band.
• 1975: Clarence Acuña, Chilean footballer.
• 1975: Ricardo Orrego, Colombian sports journalist.
• 1975: Patrizia Panico, Italian footballer.
• 1977: Yucef Merhi, Venezuelan artist.
• 1977: David Farrell, American bassist, of the Linkin Park band.
• 1977: Svala, Icelandic singer.
• 1981: Myriam Montemayor Cruz, Mexican singer.
• 1981: Steve Gohouri, Ivorian footballer (f. 2015)
• 1982: Danny Tamberelli, American actor.
• 1982: Gregorio Barradas Miravete, Mexican politician (f. 2010).
• 1982: Juan Gabriel Rufián Romero, Spanish politician.
• 1983: Évora Gala, Spanish actress.
• 1984: Sebastián Soto Chacón, director of musical videos and Chilean musician.
• 1985: Jeremy Davis, American bassist.
• 1985: Seo Min-woo, actor and South Korean singer (f. 2018).
• 1987: Carolina Kostner, Italian skater.
• 1988: Geancarlo González, Costa Rican footballer.
• 1988: Nozomi Sasaki, Japanese actress, singer and model.
• 1990: Bethany Hamilton, American surfer.
• 1990: Klay Thompson, American basketball player.
• 1991: Will Cherry, American basketball player.
• 1991: Michael Lang, Swiss footballer.
• 1991: Philippe Koch, Swiss footballer.
• 1993: Davit Khocholava, Georgian footballer.
• 1993: Sean Davis, American footballer.
• 1994: Hakan Çalhanoğlu, Turkish footballer.
• 1995: Jordan Todosey, Canadian actress.
• 1995: Joshua Kimmich, German footballer.
• 1995: Kasper Asgreen, Danish cyclist.
• 1997: Kathryn Newton, American actress.
• 2000: Chris Durkin, American footballer.
• 2001: I.N, singer of the Stray Kids group.

Deaths

• 1204: Alejo IV Angelo, Byzantine emperor (n. 1182).
• 1250: Roberto I de Artois, French crusade (n. 1216).
• 1265: Hulagu Khan, Mongolian governor (n. 1217).
• 1296: Premislaus II, Polish King (n. 1257).
• 1529: Baldassare Castiglione, Italian writer and diplomat (n. 1478).
• 1537: Jerome Emiliani, Italian religious (n. 1486).
• 1587: Mary Stuart, Scottish queen (n. 1542).
• 1602: Alonso Pérez H.C., brother in Jesuit Christ, missionary in Mexico. (n. 1538)
• 1634: Theodosius III of Braganza, Portuguese aristocrat (f. 1653).
• 1691: Carlo Rainaldi, Italian architect (n. 1611).
• 1696: Ivan V, Russian tsar (n. 1666).
• 1709: Giuseppe Torelli, Italian composer (n. 1658).
• 1725: Peter I, Russian tsar (n. 1672).
• 1749: Jan van Huysum, a Dutch painter (n. 1682).
• 1772: Augusta de Saxony-Gotha, aristocrat (“princesa”) Welsh (n. 1719).
• 1792: Hannah Snell, British military (n. 1723).
• 1829: Cristóbal Mendoza, Venezuelan politician and lawyer, 1.° president of Venezuela (n No. 1772).
• 1849: France Prešeren, a Slovenian romantic poet, author of the national anthem (n. 1800).
• 1849: François Antoine Habeneck, French violinist (n. 1781).
• 1856: Agostino Bassi, Italian entomologist (n. 1773).
• 1875: Pedro Fernández Madrid, politician, writer and educator (n. 1817).
• 1894: Robert Michael Ballantyne, Scottish writer (n. 1825).
• 1898: José María Reina Barrios, politician and Guatemalan president (n. 1854).
• 1909: Catulle Mendès, French poet (n. 1841).
• 1910: Hans Jæger, Norwegian writer, philosopher and anarchist (n. 1854).
• 1911: Joaquín Costa, a Spanish politician (n. 1846).
• 1915: Pablo Livas, a Mexican teacher and educator (n. 1872).
• 1918: Louis Renault, French jurist, Nobel Peace Prize in 1907 (n. 1843).
• 1921: Piotr Kropotkin, Russian geographer and thinker, father of anarchism with Mikhail Bakunin (n. 1842).
• 1942: Fritz Todt, German engineer and politician (n. 1891).
• 1955: Federico More, a Peruvian journalist and writer (n. 1889).
• 1957: Walther Bothe, a German physicist and inventor (n. 1891).
• 1957: John von Neumann, Hungarian mathematician and physical (n. 1903).
• 1960: Giles Gilbert Scott, British architect (n. 1880).
• 1960: John L. Austin, British philosopher (n. 1911).
• 1964: Ernst Kretschmer, German psychiatrist and neurologist (n. 1888).
• 1972: Márkos Vamvakáris, Greek musician (n. 1905).
• 1974: Fritz Zwicky, astronomer and physicist Bulgarian-Swiss (n. 1898).
• 1975: Robert Robinson, British chemical, nobel chemistry award in 1947 (n. 1886).
• 1977: Olinda Bozán, an Argentine actress (n. 1894).
• 1979: Antonio Aranda Mata, Spanish military (n. 1888).
• 1980: Agustín Millares Carlo, paleographer and Spanish academic (n. 1893).
• 1981: María Cervantes, pianist, singer and Cuban composer (n. 1885).
• 1985: Hernán Figueroa Anguita, Chilean politician (n. 1897).
• 1987: Bronisława Wajs, Polish poet of Roma ethnicity (n. 1908 or 1910).
• 1990: Del Shannon, American singer (n. 1934).
• 1994: Raymond Scott, American composer (n. 1908).
• 1995: Józef Maria Bocheński, Dominican friar, philosopher and Polish logic (n. 1902).
• 1998: Halldór Laxness, Icelandic writer, Nobel Prize in Literature (n. 1902).
• 1998: Enoch Powell, British politician (n. 1912).
• 1998: Julian Lincoln Simon, American economist (n. 1932).
• 1999: Jean Iris Murdoch, Irish writer (n. 1919).
• 1999: Tip (Luis Sánchez Polack), Spanish humorist (n. 1926).
• 2000: Carlos Cores, Argentine actor (n. 1923).
• 2000: Sid Abel, ice hockey player, Canadian-American sports coach and commentator (n. 1918).
• 2001: Luis Piñerúa Ordaz, a Venezuelan politician (n. 1924).
• 2001: Ivo Caprino, Norwegian director and writer (n. 1920).
• 2002: Ong Teng Cheong, Singaporean architect and politician, fifth president of Singapore (n. 1936).
• 2003: John Charles Cutler, American physician (n. 1915).
• 2003: Joseba Pagazaurtundua, Spanish police (n. 1957).
• 2005: Jimmy Smith, American jazz organist (n. 1928).
• 2005: Javier Tusell, Spanish historian and politician (n. 1945).
• 2005: A. Chandranehru, Sri Lankan sailor and politician (n. 1944).
• 2006: Elton Dean, British musician, Soft Machine band (n. 1945).
• 2006: Akira Ifukube, Japanese composer (n. 1914).
• 2007: Anna Nicole Smith, American model and actress (n. 1967).
• 2007: Ian Stevenson, Canadian academic (n. 1918).
• 2008: Josefina Rios, Argentine actress (n. 1918).
• 2010: John Murtha, American colonel and politician (n. 1932).
• 2011: Cesare Rubini basketball and Italian waterpolista (n. 1923).

Luis A. Spinetta

• 2011: Eugenio Toussaint, Mexican musician (n. 1954).
• 2012: Godofredo Garabito, writer, academic and Spanish politician (n. 1932).
• 2012: Luis Alberto Spinetta, musician and Argentine poet (n. 1950).
• 2013: James DePriest, director of American orchestra and musician (n. 1936).
• 2016: Alejandro Nieto Molina, journalist, locutor and radial Colombian producer.(n. 1968).
• 2016: Amelia Bence, Argentine actress (n. 1914).
• 2016: Violette Verdy, dancer, choreographer and French dance director (n. 1933).
• 2017: Peter Mansfield, British physicist, nobel prize for physiology in 2003 (n. 1933).

Albert Finney

• 2019: Albert Finney, British actor (n. 1936).
• 2020: Robert Conrad, American actor (n. 1935).
• 2021: Jean-Claude Carrière, French actor and screenwriter (n. 1931).
• 2021: Jean Obeid, a Lebanese journalist and politician (n. 1939).
• 2021: Gilbert Chauny de Porturas-Hoyle, diplomat, architect and Peruvian genealogist (n. 1944).
• 2022: Luc Montagnier, virologist and French researcher, nobel prize for medicine in 2008 (n. 1932).

Celebrations

Catholic saints list

• Santa Cointa, virgin and martyr.
• San Esteban de Muret, abad and founder.
• Saint Honorate of Milan, Italian bishop.
• San Jerónimo Emiliani, Italian religious and founder.
• Santa Josefina Bakhita, religious.
• St. Young of Pavia, Italian bishop.
• Saint Lacuto of Brittany, French Abbot.
• St. Nice of Tréveris, French bishop
• Saint Paul of Verdun, French bishop
• Blessed Josefina Gabriela Bonino, religious and founder
• Blessed Peter Igneo, Bishop