Eve

Eva de Alberto Durero.

According to the Abrahamic religions, Eve (from Hebrew חַוָּה, ḥavvâ, Arabic حواء, ḥawā') is the first woman (and the second human being) that God created on Earth with the objective of forming the first human couple together with Adam, the first man.

According to the second chapter of Genesis, Eve was created by God (Yahweh) taking her from Adam's rib, to be his companion. Adam is in charge of taking care of the garden before its creation; she is not present when God commands Adam not to eat the forbidden fruit, although it is clear that she was aware of the order. She decides to eat the forbidden fruit from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil after hearing the argument of the serpent that it would not kill her but would bring her benefits. She shares the fruit with Adam, and before they could eat from the tree of life, they are thrown out of the Garden of Eden. Christian churches differ on how they view Adam and Eve's disobedience to God (often called the fall of man), and the consequences those actions had on the rest of humanity. Christian and Jewish teachings sometimes hold Adam (the first man) and Eve on a different level of responsibility for the 'fall'.

The Catholic Church by ancient tradition recognizes Eve as a saint, along with Adam, and the traditional liturgical feast of Saints Adam and Eve has been celebrated on December 24. Since the Middle Ages in many European nations, including Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, and Scandinavia.

Eve in the Bible

Her story is found in the book of Genesis, from verse 27 of chapter 1 to verse 2 of chapter 5.

She was created by God in the Garden of Eden as Adam's helpmate, from his rib. It is interpreted as coming from one of his branches, that is, one of his descendants, in which Yahweh divided the genetics so that they were ish and isha (male and female), spiritual beings, with a soul and with power. of the verb. Her name, in Hebrew, means "mother of the living" or "giver of life". In the book of Genesis, it is related that God commanded Adam and his wife to be fruitful and multiply, fill the Earth and rule it (Genesis 1:28). It is related that he also commanded them to eat from all the trees in the garden, except the tree of knowledge of good and evil, which was next to the tree of life (Genesis 2: 16–17). But, we read, that Eve was deceived by the serpent and saw "that the tree was good for food, and that it was pleasing to the eyes, and a desirable tree for wisdom", so she ate of it. forbidden fruit and gave to his partner, who also ate. As a consequence, according to the Bible, God as punishment said to Eve: "I will increase your pains when you have children, and with pain you will give birth to them." But your desire will lead you to your husband, and he will have authority over you" (Genesis 3:16), that Adam should work for food (Genesis 3:19), and that both would die.

Then God said: "Man has become like one of us, for he has knowledge of good and evil. It is not going to be that he stretches out his hand and also takes from the fruit of the tree of life, eats it and lives forever & # 34; (Genesis 3:22). For that reason Adam and Eve were thrown out of the Garden of Eden (Genesis 3:24).

In the Bible we find that Eve was a mother (Abel, Cain and Seth are mentioned, and in Genesis 5:4 it is said that Adam was the father of other sons and daughters).

It is also worth mentioning that in Jewish mythology (or folklore) it was the product of legends and a reinterpretation of Genesis; likewise some ^{[who? ]} posit that in the Genesis story, Eve was not the first woman, and that she would have been a legendary figure named Lilith.

Relation between the Eve of genesis and Sumerian mythology

In the same way that it happens with the Biblical story of the Universal Flood, and the story of Gilgamesh from Sumerian Mythology, a parallel can be found with the story of Eve. According to Sumerian mythology, the goddess Ki created a goddess called Nin-ti (rib woman) with the rib of the god Enki. In another myth, the god Enki also discovered that humans were behaving inappropriately, and for this reason he expelled them from the Sumerian paradise.

According to the book "The Sumerians, their history, culture and character"Kramer, Samuel Noha (1963). "4". In University of Chicago, ed. The Sumerians, their history, culture and character (in English). pp. 149. ISBN 0-226-45237-9. , about the creation of Eve, explains how in the Sumerian poem "Enki and Ninhursag", the god Enki suffered from eight evils, for which the goddess Ninhursag would give birth to eight goddesses, one for each evil or disease. One of the diseased organs of the god Enki was a rib, which in Sumerian can be identified as "Ti" and which can also mean "give life", and "Nin" In Sumerian it means woman, so Nin-Ti can be read both as "the woman with the rib" as "the woman who gives life".

So taking the second definition "the woman who gives life," Eve in Hebrew means "who gives life" and, at the same time, the part of the body that was defined for the creation of Eve was a rib.

Mitochondrial Eve

In human genetics, mitochondrial Eve would be the female ancestor that possessed the mitochondria from which all mitochondria in the current human population descend. Therefore, mitochondrial Eve would correspond to a single female ancestor from which the entire current population of Homo sapiens (human beings) converges.

We know about this Mitochondrial Eve through the mitochondria (a cellular organelle) that are only passed from mother to offspring. Each mitochondria contains mitochondrial DNA, and comparison of the sequences of this DNA reveals a molecular phylogeny. The closest paternally homologous common ancestor has been nicknamed Y-chromosomal Adam. It is very important to clarify that he did not live at the same time as mitochondrial Eve. On the contrary, its existence was at least around 70,000 years more recent and, of course, it was not its mate.

Iconography

The image of Adam and Eve has been widely used, being one of the few biblical subjects that give the artist the opportunity to be nude.

The Creation of Eve

According to the Bible, Eve was created by God from Adam's rib. In Genesis 1:27 Reina-Valera, God created man in her image, in the image of God she created him; male and female she created them, the latter perhaps related to the character Lilit from Jewish folklore.