Ernst ruska
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Ernst August Friedrich Ruska (Heidelberg, December 25, 1906 – Berlin, May 27, 1988) was a German physicist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986 for his work on electron optics., including the design of the first electron microscope.
Ruska worked at the Technical University of Munich from 1925 to 1927, then entered the Technical University of Berlin, where he postulated that microscopes using electrons with wavelengths 1000 times shorter than that of visible light, can provide more detailed images of objects than microscopes using light, in which magnification is limited by the size of the sausage wavelengths. In 1931 he demonstrated that a magnetic coil could act as an electronic lens, and he used several coils in a series to build the first electron microscope in 1933.
After completing his doctorate in 1933, he continued to work in the field of electronic optics, first at Fernseh Ltd in Berlin-Zehlendorf, and then from 1937 at Siemens AG. At Siemens, he became involved in developing the first commercially produced electron microscope in 1939. As well as developing electron microscope technology while at Siemens, Ruska also worked at other scientific institutions and encouraged Siemens to establish a laboratory for visiting researchers which he headed. initially by the brother of Helmut Ruska, a physician who developed the use of the electron microscope for biological and medical applications. After leaving Siemens in 1955, Ruska served as director of the Institute for Electron Microscopy at the Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society until 1974. At the same time, he worked at the institute and as a professor at the Technical University of Berlin, from 1957 until his retirement in 1974.
In 1986, he was awarded half the Nobel Prize in Physics for his many achievements in electronic opics; Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer each won a quarter of the prize for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope. Ruska died in West Berlin in 1988.