Epiphysis

The epiphysis is each end of a long bone. It is the area where the joints are located. The epiphysis is usually wider than the diaphysis (central portion of the bone).

Description

The epiphysis is made up of spongy tissue in the center and a thin layer of compact tissue on the periphery and is separated from the central part of the bone by a region called the metaphysis, which is where the growth plate is found.

It is covered on the outside by the periosteum and on the inside is the red bone marrow, which is where red blood cells and other blood cells are formed. In the area that forms the joint, it is covered by a cartilaginous tissue called articular cartilage.

The main bones that have epiphyses are the long bones of the limbs. In humans, the femur, tibia, fibula, metatarsals, and phalanges in the lower extremities have epiphyses, and the humerus, ulna, radius, metacarpals, and phalanges in the upper extremities.

The long bones of the extremities have two epiphyses, the one closest to the root of the limb is called the proximal epiphysis and the one that is further away is the distal epiphysis.

Other meanings

The term epiphysis can also refer to a gland located inside the skull that is more commonly known as the pineal gland.

Related terms

• Epifisario: Relative to epiphysis, for example an epiphysary fracture.
• Epiphisitis: Inflammation of the epiphysis.
• Epiphysiolisis: Abnormal separation of the epiphysis from the rest of the bone.
• Multiple epiphysary dysplasia: It is a disease of genetic origin that affects bone growth.