Emilian-Romagna language

Emilian-Romagnol (also erroneously called simply Emilian) is a language of the Gallo-Italic group of Romance languages. It is spoken in northeastern Italy, in Emilia-Romagna, in southern Lombardy, in northern Tuscany (Lunigiana and Romagna Tuscany) and in northern Marche. It is also used in San Marino.

Emilian-Romagnol is divided into two languages and their dialects: Emilian and Romagnol.

The number of speakers in Emilia-Romagna is estimated at approximately 3,500,000 (data from 1987). In San Marino, 83% of the population (20,100 inhabitants) speak San Marinese (data from 1993), which is a dialect of Emilian-Romañol. Emiliano-Romañol has been recognized as a minority language in Europe since 1981 (Report 4745 of the Council of Europe). UNESCO also included it in its Red Book of Threatened Languages, among the languages worthy of protection. The ISO 639-3 registration authority has assigned it the code “_EML”.

In Italy, traditionally, it has been called “dialetto” (dialect), a terminology that can be confusing outside of Italy, since Emilian-Romagnol is not not a dialectal variant of Italian, but rather a parallel evolution of Latin and —like all the other Neo-Latin linguistic varieties present in Italy— it is known as a dialect because it lacks a standard form and constitutes, for this very reason, a continuum. dialectal. The varieties of Emilian-Romagnol present some morphological, syntactic and lexical features that are differentiated from Italian, and in fact share a certain number of isoglosses with the Gallo-Romance and Occitan-Romance continuities that are not shared by the Italo-Romance languages (such as Neapolitan, Sicilian or Italian). same Italian).

Varieties

The Emilian-Romagnol dialects are divided into two main components, each of which includes different sub-dialects.

In Emilian the subdialects are:

• Western Emiliano
  • Vogherese-Pavese
• Central Emiliano
• Eastern Emiliano
  • Mantuano
• Lunigiano

And in Romagnol there are:

• Northern Romañol
• Southern Romañol
  • Sanmarin
  • Galopiceno

Comparative lexicon

The following table compares some phonetic changes, such as final vowel drops and various palatalizations in Emilian-Romagnol and other Gallo-Italic varieties:

LATÍN		N)CTE(M)	(M)	FUE(M)	(M)	H)MINE(M)	LUPU(M)
Galoitálico	Lombard	No.	la la	faʧ	♪	m	luf
	Ligur		lajt / loet(e)	fajt	can	ommo	♪
	Emiliano	ntt	lat	Fat	can	men	♪
	Véneto	note	♪	Fat	can	mo	.
Italian		nttette	latte	fatto	Cane	uomo	Lupo

Lexical comparison

The numerals in different Gallo-Italic varieties are:

GLOSA	Ligur	Piemontés	Lombard	Emiliano (bolognese)
'1'	yarn	jytale / jyna	vy pace / v /na	oLOG / wave
'2'	dui / du Agenda	dui / du dimension	dy wake / d /	du towards the
'3'	trei / tr	trei / tr	trimming / tr	tri development / trai
'4'	kwatru	kw build	kwater	kwa feltter
'5'	sigilkwe	i/25070/k	i/25070/k	θeŭk(w)
'6'	se childhood	se devoted	se guidelines	si
'7'	s	s	s	s becoming
'8'	øtu	ø felt	vtt	felt
'9'	##	nøv	nff	##
'10'	devolve	de	of	distillz

The numerals '1', '2' and '3' distinguish between masculine and feminine forms.