Eastern Cushitic languages

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The Eastern Cushitic languages is a subgroup of the Cushitic languages, belonging to the Afro-Asiatic languages, which includes more than thirty languages. The languages are spoken mainly in Ethiopia, but also in Somalia and Kenya.

The most important language is Oromo with some 21 million speakers, followed by Somali spoken by 15 million people in Somalia, Ethiopia, Djibouti and Kenya, Sidamo spoken by 2 million people in Ethiopia and Afaro or Afar spoken by one and a half million people in Eritrea, Ethiopia and Djibouti.

The internal classification of the eastern cussite is usually between those of the highlands and those of the lowlands. Western Omo-tana is its own branch, as are the two branches represented by the Yaaku (dead language) and Boon (endangered) languages.

Classification

Highlands
- Language praised
- Burial languageBurji; about 15,000 speakers)
- Gedeo language
- Language hadiyyaHadiyaAbout 700,000 speakers)
- Foreign language
- Free language
- Sidamo language (about 2 million speakers in Ethiopia)
Lowland
- Rendille-boni languages
  - Rendille language rendile)
  - Language
- Somali language (about 15 million speakers in Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, Yemen and Djibouti)
- Afar-saho languages (about 375,000 speakers in Ethiopia and Somalia)
  - Language saho
  - Language afar
- Konso-gidole languages
  - Konso languageKomso60,000 speakers in Ethiopia
  - Language dirasha or gidole, kidole, diraytata
- Oromo language (about 21 million speakers in Ethiopia and Kenya; also called Chicken, but the name is rejected by the speakers)
Languages dullay
- Language in danger
- Gawwada language
- Tasamai language
Western Omo-Tana Languages
- Language arbore
- Bahat language
- Language daasanach
- Language molo or elmolo (extinguished; all speakers have gone to elmolo-samburu)
Yaaku language (extinguished; all speakers have gone to mukogodo-maasai)
Language boon (in danger, possibly missing)

Lexical similarity

The ASJP project based on the lexical distance of a set of cognates establishes a cladistic tree for lexical similarities as follows:

Cush. East

T. Low

Oromoide

	Oromo

	Konso

Omo-Tana Or.

Bayso

	Somali

	Rendille

Afar-Saho

	Afar

	Saho

T. Altas

Burji

Hadiyya-Libido

	Kambata-Alaba

	Sidamo

Dullay

	Gawwada

	Tsamai

Omo-Tana Occ.

Daasanech

	Elmolo

	Arbore

Which does not fully coincide with the previously proposed classification (based on shared phonological and grammatical innovations) comes close.

Lexical comparison

The numerals for different branches of Eastern Cushitic are:

GLOSA	Lowlands							Highlands
GLOSA	PROTO-DULLAY	PROTO-KONSOIDE	PROTO-OROMO	PROTO-RENDILE-BONI	PROTO-SOMALÍ	PROTO-AFAR-SAHO	PROTO-OMO-TANA	PROTO-SIDAMICO
1	*tokko	*tokko	*tokko	*ko felt	♪	*inik-	*tokko	*mitt
2	♪ lakki	♪ lakki	♪	*la(m)ma	♪	♪	*la	♪
3	*izzaħ	*sissa	♪	*if(d)da)	♪ Isidde ♪	*Sidoħ	*se(d)di	*sas
4	♪ Salary ♪	♪	♪	♪ afar-	♪	♪	♪	*so wander
5	*χubin	*χen	*ritani	♪	*ritan	*kono-	*ken	♪
6	*tappi	♪	♪yaha	♪ Liħ	♪ Liħ	♪ Li--	♪	*
7	♪ta *an	*tappa	♪	♪ Tadba	♪ alldoba	*mal-in-	♪ all of it ♪	♪
8	*seccen	♪	♪ saddeti	♪	*sidde	♪	♪ siddet-	*saddit
9	♪	♪	♪	*sa devotedgal	*saga	♪	♪	*hons
10	♪₁uanan	*χuanan	ku an	*ta(m)man	♪	♪ta *an	*to(m)mon	*tarm

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