East china sea

The East China Sea (in Chinese, 东海; pinyin, Dōnghǎi; literally, 'east sea') is a part of the Pacific Ocean surrounded by China, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. Its area is about 1,200,000 km² (or 752,000 km², otherwise includes the Yellow Sea).

Its northern part, between China and the Korean peninsula, is known as the Yellow Sea.

Actually, the East China Sea is the northern part of the China Sea, which would be divided by the island of Taiwan (formerly Formosa): the northern part is called the East China Sea and the southern South China Sea.

Geography

The East China Sea is bounded:

• to the east by the Japanese islands of Kyūshū and the archipelago of the Ryukyu Islands.
• south, on the island of Taiwan.
• To the west, to the mainland China.
• North, by the Yellow Sea.

It is connected to the South China Sea by the Taiwan Strait and to the Sea of Japan by the Korea Strait.

The shores of this sea belong, clockwise from the north, to South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and mainland China.

The Yangtze River is the largest river flowing into the East China Sea.

Islands and Reefs

East China Sea Coast in Cangnan County, Zhejiang

There are more than fifty islands in this sea. The most important ones are:

• Senkaku Islands (Japanese) or Diaoyu Islands (Chinese), or Diaoyutai (according to Taiwan). Deputies.[3]
• the island of Haijiao

There is a group of submerged reefs in the north of this sea. Among them are:

• Socotra Rock, also called Suyan Rock or Ieodo, object of a dispute over the Z.E.E. between the People's Republic of China and South Korea.
• Roca Hupijiao ()국))
• Roca Yajiao ())

Delimitation of the IHO

The highest international authority on the delimitation of seas for maritime navigation purposes, the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO), considers the East China (Tung Hai) Sea to be a sea. In his world reference publication, "Limits of oceans and seas" (Limits of oceans and seas, 3rd edition of 1953), he assigns it the identification number 50 and defines it as follows:

South.
The northern boundary of the South Sea of China (49), and from there to Santyo, the northeastern tip of Formosa, to the western tip of the Yonakuni island and from there to Haderuma Sima (24°03'N, 123°47'E).
East.
From Haderuma Sima, a line including the Miyako Retto to the eastern tip of Miyako Sima and from there to Okinan Kaku, at the southern end of Okinawa Sima, through this island to Ada-Ko Sima (Is. Sidmouth) to the eastern tip of Kikai Sima (28°20'N) through Tanegra Sima (30°30'N)
North.
From Noma Saki (32°35'N), in Kyusyu, to the southern tip of Hukae Sima (Gato Retto) and through this island to Ose Saki (cabo Goto) and Hunan Kan, the southern tip of Saisyu To (Quelpart), through this island to its western end, and from there following the parallel of the 33°17'. North to the continent.
West.
The mainland part of China.

Limits of oceans and sea, p. 31.

Military activities

Taiwan, Japan, China and South Korea are conducting military exercises in the East China Sea.

The East China Sea in astronomy

Possibly, the East China Sea (Donghai in Chinese) is represented by the star Eta Serpentis in the Left Wall asterism, of the (Heavenly Market) cluster (see Chinese constellations).

Additional bibliography

• Kim, Suk Kyoon (July 2012). «China and Japan Maritime Disputes in the East China Sea: A Note on Recent Developments». Ocean Development " International Law 43 (3): 296-308. ISSN 0090-8320. S2CID 153379773. doi:10.1080/00908320.2012.698931.
• McDevitt, Michael (1 March 2014). «The East China Sea: The Place Where Sino-U.S. Conflict Could Occur». American Foreign Policy Interests 36 (2): 100-110. ISSN 1080-3920. S2CID 154013282. doi:10.1080/10803920.2014.905357.
• Manicom, James (2014). Bridging Troubled Waters: China, Japan, and Maritime Order in the East China Sea (in English). Georgetown University Press. ISBN 9781626160361. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
• Medcalf, Rory. (2020) Indo-Pacific Empire: China, America and the contest for the world's pivotal region (2020)
• Nakano, Ryoko (14 March 2016). «The Sino-Japanese territorial dispute and threat perception in power transition». The Pacific Review 29 (2): 165-186. ISSN 0951-2748. S2CID 153459475. doi:10.1080/09512748.2015.1013493.
• Peterson, Alexander (October 2009). «Sino-Japanese Cooperation in the East China Sea: A Lasting Arrangement». Cornell International Law Journal 42 (3): 441-474. ISSN 0010-8812. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
• the United States. Congress. (2014). Maritime Sovereignty in the East and South China Seas: Joint Hearing before the Subcommittee on Seapower and Projection Forces of the Committee on Armed Services Meeting Jointly with the Subcommittee on Asia and the Pacific of the Committee on Foreign Affairs (Serial No. 113-137), House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, Second Session, Hearing held January 14, 2014
• Valencia, Mark J. (2014). «The East China Sea Disputes: History, Status, and Ways Forward». Asian Perspective (in English) 38 (2): 183-218. ISSN 2288-2871. S2CID 153772075. doi:10.1353/apr.2014,0008. Retrieved August 13, 2019.
• Zou, Keyuan (2013). Law of the Sea in East Asia: Issues and Prospects (in English). Routledge. ISBN 9781134267644. Retrieved August 13, 2019.