Dyskinesia

Dyskinesia, in medicine, is a term used to designate the presence of abnormal and involuntary movements, especially of the orofacial musculature. It is not uncommon to see it in the elderly, but it is also related to the use of neuroleptics for a long time. Abnormal movements include repetitive chewing, oscillating movement of the jaw, or facial grimacing. It is not possible to oppose the performance of these movements voluntarily except for a few moments. Currently, there is still no cure for this disorder, nor is its origin known.

In particular, tardive dyskinesia is induced by the chronic use of drugs belonging to the class of neuroleptics or antipsychotics, more frequently by typical antipsychotics such as haloperidol, promethazine or chlorpromazine.

Paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia may be caused by undiagnosed celiac disease and may remit on a gluten-free diet.