District of San Juan de Miraflores

The district of San Juan de Miraflores is one of the forty-three districts that make up the province of Lima, located in the department of the same name, in Peru. It limits to the north, with the district of Santiago de Surco; to the northeast, with the district of La Molina; to the east, with the district of Villa María del Triunfo; to the south, with the district of Villa El Salvador; to the southwest, with the district of Chorrillos; and to the west, again with the district of Santiago de Surco.

In its law of creation, the then town of Ciudad de Dios was designated as capital; However, currently the district is completely urbanized.

It is a district inhabited by families of medium, low-middle and low socioeconomic level.[1]

History

The Battle of San Juan

In the middle of the invasion, Piérola divided the Line Army into four bodies. Cáceres took command of the fourth, made up of 4,500 men, and concentrated on San Juan, where he placed his troops in the most suitable places.

On the night of January 12, 1881, a captured Chilean soldier reported that the invading army had mobilized in battle order at 4:00 p.m. At 4:00 on January 13, shots were heard. Half an hour later, the Chilean army charged on the right wing, defended by Peruvian colonel Lorenzo Iglesias. At that moment, Piérola fled towards Chorrillos and Cáceres fully assumed the direction of the battle, requesting support from Colonel Belisario Suárez, head of the reserve, but without results.

Without help, the fourth army corps fought for three hours with the Chilean troops, but their numerical superiority was overwhelming. After fighting bravely, Cáceres ordered the retreat towards Barranco.

On the way, the marshal managed to gather a group of men and went to help Colonel Miguel Iglesias, who was fighting in the Morro Solar de Chorrillos. The Peruvians managed to put a Chilean column to flight, but received the order to head towards Miraflores. It was 2:00 p.m. on January 13.

By evening, the battle of San Juan had caused 10,000 casualties between both armies. The Chileans, elated with victory, looted and burned the luxurious resort of Chorrillos, murdering civilians in their wake and ignoring neutral flags.

Birth of the City of God

On the eve of Christmas 1954, thousands of families from various districts of Lima invaded in a mass manner what was once called the sandy areas of «The Barriada de Ciudad de Dios» (later called Pueblo Joven and today Urbanization), at that time, belonging to the district of Santiago de Surco. The name "City of God" was due in allusion to the date of the birth of the child Jesus. General Manuel A. Odría governed at that time.

It is said that the invasion of Ciudad de Dios was conceived and organized by the workers in the workshops of the newspapers La Prensa and Última Hora, media at that time that were owned by Pedro Beltrán, who four years later would be prime minister of the administration of Manuel Prado Ugarteche and who at the time promoted and publicized the largest invasion generated in Latin America and which constituted a social phenomenon subject to analysis and studies by politicians and sociologists of the time.. Another possible cause of the invasion was that the construction workers of the time passed through those pampas daily using the only road (today Avenida de los Héroes) in the direction of Villa María del Triunfo or La Tablada de Lurín to reach the works. in the Atocongo Camp, and in their continuous travels they saw the pampas as a possibility of being invaded and thus having land. And so they did it together with many people who had nowhere to live, being organized by Mr. Carlos Augusto Huamán Espinoza. Who later on would be the leader who would organize the delivery of homes built by the state for these families.

Town of Pamplona Alta

On January 2, 1964, a fire consumed much of what was known as Tacora Motors. Due to this, the recently elected mayor of Lima, Luis Bedoya Reyes, would order the relocation of the victims to the so-called Pampas of Pamplona. With the help of troop carrier trucks and in the face of the refusal of several victims, the exodus began. Thus, on Monday, January 6, 1964, the first settlers would arrive in what would later be recognized as the area of Pamplona Alta. Being its first sectors: 28 de Mayo and Nuevo Horizonte. The expansion of Pamplona Alta occurs from its limits with Villa María del Triunfo to its limits with Santiago de Surco.

District creation

Eleven years after the invasion of the City of God, in the first Government of the Constitutional President, the architect Fernando Belaúnde Terry, on January 12, 1965, one day before the commemoration of the battle of San Juan, it was promulgated Law No. 15382 that creates the district of San Juan de Miraflores, its capital being the populated center "Ciudad de Dios". The new district is segregated from Villa María del Triunfo and Santiago de Surco. The district was made up at that time, according to article number 2 of the law, in addition to its capital by the population centers of Pamplona Baja, Pamplona Alta and San Juan. The limits of the nascent district also appear on it.

Perhaps another transcendental event in San Juan de Miraflores began in the early morning of October 13, 1983 and was called land takeover. That unlike any invasion, the people who took over the land, which at the time would belong to the Ciudad de los Ninos Civil Association, did so protected by a Municipal Resolution issued by the district mayor of that time, Alfredo Moscoso San Miguel. Some argued that this was an irritating legal norm devoid of value, some others clung to the fact that said norm had been issued by a representative of the State. Therefore, the state itself became a good faith paradigm of said norm. Which led to a long judicial process involving the original leaders of the then German Federal Republic Association, and which in the end would mean that thousands of families in this sector of San Juan have a home.

Geography and district boundaries

Location

The district of San Juan de Miraflores is located in the southern area of Metropolitan Lima. It has an area of 23.98 km² and its average altitude is 141 m a.s.l.

Limits

The district of San Juan de Miraflores limits to the north with the district of Santiago de Surco through the Magisterial 6 de Julio urbanization, Las Magnolias and Daniel Garcés streets, starting through Agustín La Rosa Lozano avenue, turning towards the street El Mirador until reaching the San Francisco hill that divides it from Las Casuarinas. Then, it limits to the northeast with the district of La Molina, also through the San Francisco hill. Then, it limits to the east with the district of Villa María del Triunfo through the San Gabriel Alto human settlement, San José street, Salvador Allende avenue, the Villa Jardín urbanization and the Micaela Bastidas human settlement. Subsequently, it borders to the south with the district of Villa El Salvador through the Bello Horizonte human settlement and Mateo Pumacahua Avenue, and with the district of Chorrillos through Las Brisas de Villa and the Santa Rosa Cemetery. Finally, it borders to the west again with the district of Santiago de Surco through the Los Herrerillos jirón, with the human settlements of Rodrigo Franco and Viva El Perú, the José Gabriel Aguilar Segura jirón and the Panamericana Sur highway, next to the urbanizations of Los Precursors, Los Próceres and Monterrico Sur. These limits, as well as those of the vast majority of districts in Lima, present a great deficiency in territorial demarcation according to the Metropolitan Planning Institute (IMP).

On October 25, 2012, the districts of Santiago de Surco and San Juan de Miraflores agreed to end the border conflict they had for 47 years through a ceremony to ratify the territorial limits agreement presided over by the then president of the Council of Ministers Juan Jiménez Mayor. According to the agreement, the La Inmaculada, Reporteros Graphicos, San Ignacio de Monterrico, Prolongación Morro Solar, Próceres, Precursores, Vineyards, Honor and Loyalty developments; and Rodrigo Franco, remained in the jurisdiction of Santiago de Surco, while the human settlements that were under the administration of the municipality of San Juan de Miraflores, remained within its district limits. From this agreement, Law N was derived..º 30058 published on July 5, 2013, which territorially delimits both districts.

On September 20, 2014, Law No. 30241 was published, which officially establishes the territorial limits between San Juan de Miraflores and Villa El Salvador. According to the law, the boundary barrier begins in the intersection of Mateo Pumacahua and Mariano Pastor Sevilla avenues, and continues east through Calle 5 de Junio to the intersection with Astro Rey. The territorial limit continues in a northward direction until the intersection with Bello Horizonte Avenue and continues along the axis of this last road until it crosses Las Azucenas Street, where it continues east until reaching the Las Praderas passage at the summit. of Cerro Papa.

Northwest: Santiago de Surco	North: Santiago de Surco	Northeast: La Molina
West: Santiago de Surco		This: Villa María del Triunfo
Southwest: Chorrillos	South: Villa El Salvador	Sureste: Villa El Salvador

Demography

According to its per capita household income made by the INEI [2], San Juan de Miraflores is made up of 22% of families belonging to a medium-high socioeconomic level, located specifically in the urbanizations of Entel, Fonavi and the areas adjacent to the Mall del Sur. 31% inhabited by families belonging to a medium socioeconomic level. 38% by households located in a low-middle socioeconomic level. And finally 9% households belonging to a low socioeconomic level, where poverty and/or extreme poverty is also found.

Landmarks and urban structure

The history and urban growth in San Juan de Miraflores has occurred gradually, which has been marked in six areas. This, according to Ordinance No. 1018-MML, published on July 11, 2007 by the Metropolitan Municipality of Lima.

Zone No. 1 or Pamplona Alta Zone, includes all the sectors whose limits go from Defensores de Lima Avenue to the north of the district, whose limits are the adjacent hills. There are the urban spaces of San Luis, 28 de Julio, El Brillantes, Malvinas, Alfonso Ugarte, Miguel Grau, Leoncio Prado, Nazareno, San Francisco de la Cruz, Buenos Milagros, Los Laureles, Virgen del Buen Paso, Ollantay, Rinconada, Nueva Rinconada, among others. This last urban settlement was described in a thesis developed in 2000. Likewise, the northern area of Pamplona Alta was historically recognized as a place of hills. Recently, this recognition is being given at a legal level.

Zone No. 2 or Pamplona Baja Zone, on this land the urbanizations of Ciudad de Dios, Pamplona Baja, San Juanito, Arenal San Juan, La Gloria, 13 de Enero and Andrés Avelino Cáceres are established. It is in the central part of the district, in a strip that runs parallel between Los Héroes and Defensores de Lima avenues. It borders the districts of Santiago de Surco and Villa María del Triunfo. It should be noted that the district capital, according to law No. 15382, is located in this area. Its full name is Urbanización Popular Ciudad de Dios, which is organized internally into zone A and K. The housing modules were delivered (through sale) in 1958.

Zone No. 3 or Urban Zone, this name is a little confusing, since, before the existence of the San Juan A urbanization, there were the urbanizations of Ciudad de Dios, Pamplona (Baja) and others in the process of construction further. It includes the San Juan urbanizations (organized into zone A, B, C, D, E1 and E2).

Zone No. 4 or María Auxiliadora Zone, is located in the southern part of the district, with sandy and salty terrain, starting on Miguel Iglesias Avenue to the left. It borders in the upper part with the district of Villa María del Triunfo. It has 16 urban establishments, including Martín de San Juan. The María Auxiliadora General Hospital is located in this area.

Zone No. 5 or Pampas Zone of San Juan, located in the southern part of the district, covers an approximate area of 350 hectares of rugged terrain and wastelands of sandy and salty consistency. It borders the districts of Villa el Salvador and Villa María del Triunfo. There is the industrial zone. It has 46 urban settlements. Among these urban settlements we have Fortaleza, Trebo Azul, Felipe Alva y Alva, La Ciudad de los Ninos and the Huayna Capac Zonal Park. In this area is the well-known Children's City of the Immaculate Conception, founded in 1955 by the Capuchin Franciscan brother Francisco Minasso of Riva Ligure, known as the "Iluminated Father", who collected abandoned children from the street.

Zone No. 6 or Pan-American South Zone, is located in the western part of the district and covers the right strip that runs parallel to the Pan-American South Highway, for an approximate extension of 6 kilometers, from the Amauta Bridge to kilometer 18. of the Panamericana. It borders the districts of Santiago de Surco and Chorrillos. It has 50 urban settlements. Among these we have Umamarca, Las Américas, Los Eucaliptos, Las Dunas.

There is talk of Zone No. 7, corresponding to the Monterrico Sur Urbanizations and other areas bordering the district of Santiago de Surco. Remember that the district of San Juan de Miraflores since its legal-political existence, the west bordered the avenue now known as Caminos del Inca avenue. This is usually one of the reasons for seeking a solution to the border dispute between the authorities of these districts.

Urbanizations

• Urb. 13 October
• Urb. Federal Germany
• Urb. America
• Urb. City of God (A and K area)
• Urb. The Amauta
• Urb. Pacific
• Urb. Entel
• Urb. Fortress
• Urb. José Olaya
• Urb. The Violets
• Urb. Maria Auxiliadora
• Urb. Martyrs of San Juan de Miraflores
• Urb. Pamplona
• Urb. Pamplona
• Urb. El Arenal San Juan
• Urb. Andrés Avelino Cáceres
• Urb. The Glory
• Urb.13 January
• Urb. R. German Democratic Republic
• Urb. Holy Ursula
• Urb. Blue Trébol
• Urb. Umamarca
• Urb. San Juan Zona A
• Urb. San Juan Zona B
• Urb. San Juan Zona C
• Urb. San Juan Zona D
• Urb. San Juan Zona E1 and E2
• Urb. Villa Solidaridad

Education

San Juan de Miraflores has many educational institutions, the main ones being:

Basic education

• I.E. Emblematic San Juan
• I.E. San Luis Gonzaga 6151
• I.E. United Nations 7062
• I.E. La Rinconada 7221
• I.E The Nazarene 7087

• I.E.P. Manuel António Ramírez Barinaga — Marist Brothers
• I.E. Ollantay
• I.E. Inca Pachacútec
• I.E. Andrés Avelino Cáceres
• I.E. Mariscal Ramón Castilla
• I.E. Antonio Raimondi
• I.E. Javier Heraud
• I.E. Julius César Escóbar
• I.E. José Antonio Encinas Franco
• I.E. Monte Cármelo
• I.E. Jorge Basádre
• I.E. Maria Reiche
• I.E. César Vállejo
• I.E. Dolores Cavero de Grau
• I.E. Heroes of San Juan
• I.E. Ramiro Prialé 7079
• I.E. The Immaculate 7074
• I.E. Leoncio Prado
• I.E. Toribio Seminar
• I.E. Aristotle 7219
• I.E. Faith and Joy No. 3
• I.E. Faith and Joy No. 65
• I.E.7100 German Republic
• I.E.P Fermín Tangüis
• I.E.P. Rosario del Solar
• I.E.P. Rosa de Santa Maria
• I.E.P United Nations 7062
• I.E.P. Our Lady of Assumption
• I.E.P. Prolog
• I.E.P. Andrés Bello
• I.E.P. Sofia Victoria
• I.E.P. San Marcos
• I.E.P. Reynaldo de Vivanco
• I.E.P. Child Jesus
• I.E.P. Pascual Saco Oliveros
• I.E.P. Miguel Grau
• I.E.P. Cosmos
• I.E.P. Leonard Euler
• I.E.P. St. Thomas Aquinas
• I.E.P. Rvdo. Hno. Gaston Maria
• I.E.P. L'Hermitage
• I.E.P. Light and Hope
• I.E.P. Santa Rita
• I.E.P. César Canevaro
• I.E.P.G.P. Jesus Child

Higher education

• Instituto Superior Tecnológico Gilda Ballivian Rosado
• SISE Institute
• CESCA Institute
• CICEX Institute
• IDAT Institute
• IEST Fe y Alegría 75
• CESSAG Institute
• Instituto Latino
• Instituto Arzobispo Loayza
• Wiener Institute
• Instituto Sergio Bernales
• SENATI

Authorities

Municipal

• Mayor (2023-2026):
  • Delia Nelly Castro Pichihua, Alliance for Progress.
• Period 2021-2022:
  • Mayor: Daniel Castro Segura, from Popular Action.
  • Regivers:
  1. Elizabeth Jazmin Baltazar Romero (Popular Action)
  2. Judith María Neyra Pillaca (Popular Action)
  3. Daniel Jesús Salcedo González (Popular Action)
  4. Vanessa Juliana Cuatros Aquije (Popular Action)
  5. Elisa Inma Rubina Castro (Popular Action)
  6. Julián Paye Ochochoque (Popular Action)
  7. Gulliana Del Pilar Chozo Ucuñay (Fuerza Popular)
  8. Carmen Margarita Lazo Ávila De Asencio (National Solidarity)
  9. Érika Angélica Alanya Barra (We Can For Peru's Progress)
  10. Ana Benita Gonzales Lealle (Peru Patria Segura)
  11. Marie Angela Rosmery Ayasta Galindo (National Restoration)

San Juan de Miraflores police stations

• PNP Pamplona 1
• PNP Pamplona Alta 2
• Police Station San Juan de Miraflores
• PNP Laderas de Villa
• PNP station Mateo Pumacahua, located in Chorrillos district.
• PNP Sagittarius, located in the district of Santiago de Surco.

Units of the National Police of Peru:

• PNP Road Protection - DIRPRCAR
• District Chief of Police San Juan de Miraflores (DIVTER S2).

Transportation

Among the most common means of public transportation in the district are motorcycle taxis, taxis, and regular urban mobility service buses. The AS-07 América del Metropolitano feeder route also circulates in the district.

Lima Metro

The district is served by three stations on line 1 of the Lima Metro, which are Atocongo, San Juan and María Auxiliadora. All of them located on Los Héroes Avenue.

Tourist attractions

It has first-class restaurants, a modern Municipal Palace and Plaza de Armas, considered one of the best in South Lima. San Juan de Miraflores presents a "Skateplaza" inaugurated on November 18, 2014 thanks to the help of former biker Peter Henninseng. It also has the renovated “Huayna Cápac” Zonal Park. The Ciudad de Dios area is the area with the greatest commercial movement in South Lima, due to the characteristics of its varied offer and diversity of products, for years it has been the supplier of this area of the city, it also has the Ciudad de Dios Cooperative Market. Dios, founded on April 14, 1966, considered one of the largest markets in all of Latin America.

In 2019, the hikes to the Lomas de Pamplona began, located in the upper part of the La Nueva Rinconada group of human settlements, in order to value this natural space and publicize the importance of its conservation. Based on a collective initiative, guided tours were given during the wet season of 2019 and the dry season of 2020 to the thousands of visitors who got to know one of the most important fragile ecosystems that Peru has and which is part of the coastal hills.

Among the flora present in the hills of Pamplona, species such as the Amancaes flower (Ismene Amancaes), rock begonia (Begonia geraniifolia), eight-eight begonia stand out petals (Begonia octopetala), mouse ear (Commelina fasciculata), myth or wild papaya (Vasconcellea candicans) and many other species of both flora like wildlife.

During the summer months the hills become a natural viewpoint and you can have impressive views of the city of Lima as well as enjoy beautiful sunsets. The hills of Pamplona are considered the natural lung of the San Juan de Miraflores district and efforts are being made at the municipal level and by organized citizens to guarantee their conservation.

Recreation centers

The shopping centers "Mall del Sur" and 'Open Plaza Atocongo', in the Atocongo area where many restaurants and shops are located.

Festivities

• 1 January: New Year
• 13 January: District Anniversary
• January 18: Anniversary of Lima
• 28 July: Independence of Peru
• October 18: Lord of the Miracles
• December 25: Christmas and the foundation of the City of God