Diopter

A diopter is the optical system formed by a single surface that separates two media with different refractive indexes. The diopter is a useful concept when formulating the basic principles of geometric optics since any point on the diopter can be taken as the optical axis of the system. It can be flat or spherical depending on this surface.

• A spherical dioptrium is a spherical surface that separates two media from different refractive index. The study of the spherical diopter is of particular importance in the geometric optics. This is because in the mirrors and lenses, the fundamental components of optical instruments, the light behaves according to laws similar to those of the optical instrument. spherical dioptrium. According to the sign of the curvature radius, spherical diopters can be distinguished Convexes, r planning, and Concavos, r.

• A flat diopter is all flat surface that separates two transparent means from different refractive index.

In a perfect diopter, Snell's law for the refraction of light can be reformulated as a function of the position of an object s and the place where its image s' is formed. i>. The expression that relates these two distances is known as the Abbe invariant in honor of Ernst Abbe. This expression is:

n(1r− − 1s)=n♫(1r− − 1s♫){displaystyle nleft({frac {1}{r}}}-{frac {1{s}}}}{right)=n'left({frac {1}{r}}}}}-{frac {1}{s'}}}

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donde n y ny#39; son los índices de refracción de los dos medios y r es el radio de curvatura del dioptrio.

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Una lente puede constituirse mediante la unión de dos dioptrios de diferente o igual curvatura. La ecuación de lentes delgadas se deduce a partir de la refracción de la luz en dos dioptrios.