Deontology (professional)

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professional ethics or professional deontology (from the Greek δέον 'due' + λόγος 'treaty', a term introduced by Jeremy Bentham in his Deontology or the Science of Morality, Deontology or science of morality, 1834) is the branch of applied ethics whose purpose is to establish the duties of those who exercise a profession.

Ethics or deontology does not impose legal or regulatory sanctions. However, professional ethics can be, in a certain way, in the legal codes that regulate a professional activity. Deontology is also part of what is known as normative ethics and presents a series of principles and rules of mandatory compliance.

There is a subdiscipline of professional ethics for each profession that requires it. Some prominent examples are medical ethics, business ethics, engineering ethics, legal ethics, and journalistic ethics.

Meaning and object

In general, it is found in written form in the so-called deontological codes, common in spheres such as the legal profession, medicine or journalism, but which should be extended to any other discipline in which human beings or beings are dealt with. alive.

Deontology is also known as "theory of duty" and, together with axiology, it is one of the two main branches of normative ethics. A deontological code is a set of criteria, supported by deontology with norms and values, formulated and assumed by those who carry out a professional activity.

Deontology deals with the space of man's freedom only subject to the responsibility imposed by his conscience. Likewise, Jeremy Bentham considers that the basis of deontology must be based on the philosophical principles of freedom and utilitarianism, which means that the good or bad acts of men can only be explained based on the happiness or well-being that they can provide. these very humanistic issues. For Bentham, deontology is understood from its ends (the greatest possible welfare for the majority, and in the best possible way).

The humanist arguments of freedom and utilitarianism were appropriated in deontology, with the ethical-rational demands that somehow influenced Colombian constitutionalism (such as the fact that he was a friend of Francisco de Paula Santander y Miranda). Bentham agrees with Jean-Jacques Rousseau in his idea that, until his time, moral and political systems were founded on the historical irrational and should be replaced by a natural, that is, rational, moral and political order; which was welcomed by the nascent American republics.

The first deontological codes were applied after the Second World War after seeing the atrocities that health professionals (mainly doctors) applied to people justifying themselves in the exercise of research, but they did not have any type of regulation either. nor control, this is how during the cold war the deontology began to be studied and applied in Europe.

As has already been observed, Latin America has not been immune to the appropriation of deontology, since many deontological and ethical codes have been implemented, mainly in the area of health. There are even laws based on deontology, such as the Colombian Psychologist Deontological and Bioethical Code, Law 1090 of 2006, in which Nelson Ricardo Vergara C, research psychologist and manager of this code and law (Psicología hoy 2005 and Colpsic), clearly reveals the liberal humanist and Benthamist utilitarian philosophical base, very appropriate for modern psychology and which is also noted in the Colombian constitution of 1991. This is a clear example of the strength and solidity of the deontological concept applied and expressed in the most modern democratic laws.[citation required]

One can also speak of an applied deontology, in which case one is no longer faced with normative ethics but rather descriptive and even prescriptive ones. Deontology applied to the study of rights and duties, particularly focused on the exercise of a profession, is the case of professional deontology. For its application, deontological codes are elaborated, which regulate, strictly or as a guide, the questions related to the "duty", of the members of a certain profession. Deontology is nourished on the one hand by the legal framework, and on the other by the moral framework.

Their basic concept is that acting "ethically" corresponds to acting according to a predefined code. A departure from a previously defined norm, generally in writing, constitutes an unethical attitude or behavior. Therefore, we speak of the supreme argument that must guide any conduct.

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