December 8

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December 8 is the 342nd (thirty forty-second) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar and the 343rd in leap years. There are 23 days left to end the year.

Events

1491: seven Christian knights enter Granada (Spain), including Hernán Pérez del Pulgar, to secretly lecture with Boabdil about the conditions of delivery of the city.
1541: Near the current Guadalajara (Mexico) the villa of Zapopan is founded.
1548: in the current Ecuador Alonso de Mercadillo founded the city of Loja
1585: In the Spanish Netherlands, the Miracle of Empel is produced, by which the Immaculate Conception is proclaimed the patron of the Spanish Tertia.
1596: In Mexico City, the Spanish Inquisition executes the Spanish Jewish poet Luis de Carvajal (the Mozo).
1659: In the Mexican village of Paso del Norte (now Ciudad Juárez), Franciscan friar García de San Francisco founded the Mission of Our Lady of Guadalupe de Mansos del Paso del Río del Norte.
1703: Between 5 and 9 December (“24-28 November” according to the Julian calendar in force on those dates in Europe) in the British Islands there is the Great Storm of 1703 – the most violent recorded in the history of the region. It began on December 5, covering an area of 500 km wide, from Wales, Central and South England, the North Sea, the Netherlands and North Germany. Tornadoes were reported. British journalist and writer Daniel Defoe (author of Robinson Crusoe) wrote that it was "the most terrible storm the world has seen." Many ships of the Dutch and British war fleets sank, with hundreds of drowned. In many places, cyclonic pairs were produced. The floods generated drowned an undetermined number of people (between 8,000 and 5,000).
1744: In Chile, Governor José Antonio Manso de Velasco founded the city of Copiapó.
1811: in Wrightwood (California), at 9:45 an earthquake of magnitude 7.0 on the seismological scale of Richter destroys the church of the San Juan Capistrano mission and leaves a balance of 40 dead.
1829: In Argentina begins the first government of Juan Manuel de Rosas.
1839: In Badajoz, Mayor José María López and Rastrollo inaugurated the Cemetery of San Juan de Badajoz.
1851: In Italy, two tornadoes travel along the western coast of Sicily. More than 500 people die.
1851: In the present province of Linares (Chile) the battle of Loncomilla takes place, within the framework of the Revolution of 1851.
1854: In Rome, Pope Pius IX proclaims the dogma of the Immaculate Conception, which maintains that Mary, the mother of Jesus of Nazareth, was born free of original sin.
1863: In the Freemasons' Tavern (in London) British footballer Ebenezer Cobb Morley (1831-1924), first secretary of the Football Association, writes the first official football regulation of history.
1863: In Santiago de Chile, the church of the Society of Jesus is set on fire.
1881: The Society of the Divine Savior is founded in Rome.
1914: In the Falkland Islands, Britain overcomes the German Empire in the battle of the Falklands.
1933: the film is released The road of Sagebrushstarring John Wayne.
1939: in Peru, Manuel Prado Ugarteche assumes the presidency.
1940: In Santiago, La U wins for the first time the First Division tournament in Chile.
1941: The United States Congress approves a declaration of war against Japan, which officially involves the United States in the Second World War. Germany declares war on the United States.
1941: the Japanese campaign of the Philippines begins.
1949: Nationalist China moves its capital to Taipei (Taiwan).
1954: Mexico establishes by government decree the foundation of the University of Chihuahua, which is currently the Autonomous University of Chihuahua.
1965: The Vatican City closes the Second Vatican Council under the papacy of Paul VI.

The 1968 American Schooner atomic bomb.

1968: in a well 111 meters underground, in the U20u area of the Nevada atomic testing site (about 100 km northwest of the city of Las Vegas), at 8:00 (local time) United States detonates its 30 kt Schooner atomic bomb. It's the 595 bomb of 1131 that the United States detonated between 1945 and 1992.
1971: in Lima (Peru), lawyer Luis Fernando Fígari (24) founded the Sodalicio congregation of Christian Life to attract young people to the Catholic flock.
1974: An institutional referendum is held in Greece.
1976: in a well 427 meters underground, in the U7ab area of the Nevada atomic testing site (about 100 km northwest of the city of Las Vegas), at 6:49 (local time) United States detonates its atomic bomb n.o 877: Redmud, 20 kt.
1978: in Chile the first version of the Chilean Teleton is made.
1980: In New York, Mark Chapman murders John Lennon, a former British rock band The Beatles.
1980: in Mexico City, the current facilities of the National Preparatory School 3 "Justo Sierra" of UNAM are opened.
1982: In the village of Las Dos Erres, in the Guatemalan department of La Libertad (Petén), the Government of General Efraín Ríos Montt carries out the third and last day of the Massacre of Las Dos Erres, in which they will torture and murder the entire village population (more than 400 people).
1987: in the city of Lima (Peru), at 20:14 a plane falls having among its passengers the professional football team Club Alianza Lima.
1991: the presidents of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the Treaty of Belavezha which declared the Soviet Union dissolved and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) was established instead.
1993: United States President Bill Clinton approves NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) or North American Free Trade Agreement.
1995: in Paris, France, Jean-Dominique Bauby (1952-1997), editor of the magazine ElleHe experiences a stroke that will paralyze him for the rest of his life, and will lead him to write his autobiography.
1999: The Club Workshops of Argentina was held champion of the Conmebol Cup 1999, this being the 1.♪international title, both for the club and for football Cordoba.
2004: in Cuzco, Peru, the Union of South American Nations is constituted through the Declaration of Cuzco.
2004: In the local Alrosa Villa, in Columbus (Ohio), Dimebag Darrell, a Panther and Damageplan ethractor, is killed at the beginning of a Damageplan recital by a fanatic.
2010: In Chile, a fire occurs in the San Miguel detention centre, where 81 hot and suffocated prisoners die.
2010: In Avellaneda (Gran Buenos Aires), the Independent Athletic Club gets the South American Cup by beating the Goiás Esporte Clube (Brazil) by shooting.
2011: in Blacksburg, United States, a man starts a shooting and kills two police officers.
2012: in Caracas (Venezuela), President Hugo Chávez made his last appearance in public and appointed Nicolás Maduro as his successor. (falls on 5 March 2013).
2013: In Venezuela the municipal elections will be held that will define the mayors and councillors of the different mayors in the country.
2015: Jubilee of Mercy opens its doors.
2019: In Atlanta, the United States held the 68th edition of the Miss Universe contest where Zozibini Tunzi was winner of South Africa.
2019: Beginning of the pneumonia epidemic by coronavirus in China.
2020: In the UK, the first woman in the world was vaccinated by COVID-19, a 90-year-old woman, the Pfizer vaccine was used.
2021: in Mexico, is named Jorge Carlos Patrón Wong, Archbishop of Xalapa.

Births

60 years a. C.: Horatio, Roman poet (f. 8 B.C.).
1443: Rodrigo Ponce de León, Spanish military (f. 1492).
1542: Mary Stuart, Scottish queen between 1542 and 1567 (f. 1587).
1626: Cristina de Sweden, queen sueca (f. 1689).
1699: Mary Josephus of Austria, Austrian aristocrat (f. 1757).
1708: Francis I, German emperor (f. 1765).
1723: Paul Henri Thiry d'Holbach, a French philosopher of German origin (f. 1789).
1765: Eli Whitney, American inventor (f. 1825).
1784: Luis Beltrán, friar and Argentine military (f. 1827).
1808: Mariano Pérez Cuenca, ecclesiastical and Spanish writer (f. 1883).
1815: Adolph von Menzel, German painter (f. 1905).
1832: Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson, Norwegian politician and writer, Nobel Prize of Literature in 1903 (f. 1910).
1839: Ramón García Chavárri, Mexican politician (f. 1909).
1842: Charles Grad, politician, traveler and French writer (f. 1890).
1861: William Crapo Durant, American businessman (f. 1947).
1861: Aristide Maillol, French sculptor (f. 1944).
1861: Georges Méliès, French filmmaker (f. 1938).
1864: Camille Claudel, French sculptor (f. 1943).
1865: Jacques Hadamard, French mathematician (f. 1963).
1865: Jean Sibelius, Finnish composer (f. 1957).
1879: Fernando de los Ríos, a Spanish socialist politician and ideologist (f. 1949).
1881: Padraic Colum, an Irish-American poet and playwright (f. 1972).
1881: Albert Gleizes, French Cubist painter (f. 1953).
1882: Manuel M. Ponce, Mexican musician and composer (f. 1948).
1886: Diego Rivera, Mexican muralist (f. 1957).
1890: Bohuslav Martinů, Czech composer (f. 1959).
1894: Elzie Crisler Segar, American hysterist (f. 1938).
1896: Juan Francisco Azcárate, Mexican engineer (f. 1987).
1899: Anselmo Alliegro and Milá, a politician and Cuban president in 1959 (f. 1961).
1902: Wilfredo Lam, a surrealist Cuban painter (f. 1982).
1908: Manuel Urrutia Lleó, Cuban politician, president in 1959 (f. 1981).
1911: Lee J. Cobb, American actor (f. 1976).
1912: Guillermina Medrano Aranda, Spanish teacher and policy (f. 2005)
1916: Richard Fleischer, American filmmaker (f. 2006).
1919: Miguel Ramón Izquierdo, Spanish politician (f. 2007).
1919: Julia Robinson, American mathematics (f. 1975).
1922: Lucian Freud, British painter (f. 2011).
1923: Olga Gallego Domínguez, historian, academic and Galician writer (f. 2010).
1925: Sammy Davis, Jr., American actor and singer (f. 1990).
1925: Carmen Martín Gaite, a Spanish writer (f. 2000).
1926: José María Laso, Spanish communist philosopher and militant (f. 2009).
1927: Niklas Luhmann, a German sociologist (f. 1998).
1927: Vladimir Shatálov, Soviet cosmonaut (f. 2021).
1928: Jimmy Smith, American jazz organist (f. 2005).
1930: Maximilian Schell, filmmaker and Austrian actor (f. 2014).
1930: José María Carrascal, Spanish journalist.
1932: Héctor Duvauchelle Chilean actor (f. 1983).
1932: Francisco Tomás and Valiente, a Spanish magistrate (f. 1996).
1935: Hans-Jürgen Syberberg, German filmmaker.
1936: David Carradine, an American actor (f. 2009).
1939: James Galway, British flute.
1939: Dariush Mehrjui, Iranian filmmaker
1941: Geoff Hurst, British footballer.
1943: Jim Morrison, American singer, of the band The Doors (f. 1971).
1943: Ramón Grosso, Spanish footballer (f. 2002).
1943: José Carbajal, Uruguayan musician (f. 2010).
1944: George Baker, Dutch singer and producer.
1945: John Banville, Irish novelist.
1945: Ramón Ayala, Mexican singer.
1947: Thomas R. Cech, American biochemist, nobel chemistry award in 1989.
1949: Robert J. Sternberg, American psychologist.
1950: Dan Hartman, American musician (f. 1994).
1951: Bill Bryson, British writer.
1952: Javier Cárdenas Martínez, Mexican footballer (f. 2022).
1953: Kim Basinger, American actress.
1953: Manuel Gómez Pereira, Spanish filmmaker.
1953: Sento, Spanish hysterist.
1956: Pierre Pincemaille, French musician (f. 2018).
1956: Warren Cuccurullo, guitarist from the Duran Duran band.
1956: Fernando Cabrera, Uruguayan musician
1957: Phil Collen, British guitarist, from the Def Leppard band.
1959: Fernando Fher Olvera, Mexican singer, of the Maná band.
1959: Barbara Bucholz, music, teremín performer and German composer (f. 2012).
1960: Immaculate Cross, Spanish Policy (f. 2013)
1961: Ann Coulter, American journalist.
1962: Marty Friedman, American musician, of the Megadeth and Cacophony bands.
1964: Teri Hatcher, American actress.
1964: Oscar Ramirez, Costa Rican soccer player and coach.
1965: David Harewood, British actor.
1966: Sinéad O'Connor, Irish singer.
1966: Matthew Labyorteaux, American actor.
1966: Tyler Mane, actor and Canadian professional fighter.
1966: Carmen Crespo, Spanish politics.
1966: Bushwick Bill, Jamaican-American rapper (f. 2019).
1966: Dover Kosashvili, director of Georgian cinema.
1966: Matt Adler, American actor.
1966: Walter Meza, Argentine singer.
1966: Les Ferdinand, English footballer.
1966: Hope Powell, English footballer.
1967: Maher al-Assad, Syrian military.
1967: Ralph Santolla, American guitarist of heavy metal.
1967: Kotono Mitsuishi, seiyū and Japanese narrator.
1968: Michael Cole, American commentator.
1970: Juan Manuel de Prada, Spanish writer.
1971: Enrique Ponce, Spanish bullfighter.
1972: Marco Abreu, Angolan footballer.
1973: Chiqui Ledesma (María de los Angeles Ledesma), an Argentine singer.
1973: Paola Díaz, actress, dancer and Colombian presenter.
1973: Corey Taylor, American vocalist, Slipknot and Stone Sour bands.
1974: Maya Mishalska, actress, violinist and Mexican driver.
1974: Nick Zinner, American guitarist, of the band Yeah Yeah Yeah Yeahs.
1974: Cristian Castro, Mexican singer.
1975: Andrea García, actress, driver and Mexican model.
1976: Horacio Bernardo, Uruguayan writer.
1976: Dominic Monaghan, British actor.
1977: Elsa Benítez, Mexican model.
1977: Sébastien Chabal, French rugby player.
1977: Pablo Lescano, Argentine singer and musician, of the band Damas Gratis.
1977: Ryan Newman, American pilot.
1978: Ian Somerhalder, American actor.
1978: Diego Cadavid, Colombian actor.
1978: Samat Smakov, Kazakh footballer.
1979: Christian Wilhelmsson, Swedish footballer.
1982: Halil Altıntop, Turkish footballer.
1982: Hamit Altıntop, Turkish footballer.
1982: Nicki Minaj, rapper and trinitense composer.
1983: Andrea Guerrero, a journalist and Colombian sports host. RCN Sports Director.
1983: Neel Jani, Swiss motor vehicle pilot.
1983: Valéry Mézague, Cameroonian footballer (f. 2014).
1984: Sam Hunt, singer, songwriter and former American university football player.
1985: Josh Donaldson, American baseball player.
1985: Dwight Howard, American basketball player.
1986: Kate Voegele, singer, guitarist and American actress.
1988: Pee Wee, Mexican singer of American origin.
1988: Aaron Jakubenko, actor of Australian origin
1989: Artem Gomelko, Belarusian footballer.
1992: Jordan Nobbs, English footballer.
1992: Katie Stevens, American actress and singer.
1993: AnnaSophia Robb, American actress.
1994: Raheem Sterling, English footballer.
1998: Owen Teague, American actor.
2002: Daria Panenkova, Russian ice skater.

Deaths

899: Carinthian Armulph, caroling emperor (n. 850).
1495: Alfonso II, Neapolitan king (n. 1448).
1496: José Lumbroso (Luis de Carvajal, the Mozo), a Spanish-Mexican Jewish poet (n.?).
1632: Albert Girard, French mathematician (n. 1595).
1632: Philippe van Lansberge, a flamenco mathematician (n. 1561).
1695: Barthélemy d’Herbelot de Molainville, French orientalist (n. 1625).
1793: Madame du Barry, French courtier (n. 1743).
1830: Benjamin Constant de Rebecque, a French politician and writer of Swiss origin (n. 1767).
1859: Thomas de Quincey, British writer (n. 1785).
1864: George Boole, British mathematician and logical (n. 1815).
1894: Pafnuti Chebyshov, Russian mathematician (n. 1821).
1903: Herbert Spencer, a British philosopher and sociologist (n. 1820).
1907: Oscar II, Swedish king (n. 1829).
1916: Germán Riesco, President of Chile 1901-1906 (n. 1854).
1920: Jesús Urueta, writer, speaker, politician, journalist and Mexican diplomat (n. 1867).
1925: Marguerite Marsh, American actress (n. 1888).
1929: José Vicente Concha, jurisconsulto and Colombian diplomat (n. 1867).
1937: Pável Florenski, religious, philosopher and Russian mathematician (n. 1882).
1939: Jean Grave, French anarchist (n. 1854).
1945: Aleksandr Ziloti, pianist, director of Russian orchestra and composer (n. 1863).
1955: Hermann Weyl, German mathematician (n. 1885).
1958: Tris Speaker, American baseball player (n. 1888).
1959: Margarita Holguín Caro, was a Colombian painter and politician (n. 1875).
1969: Higinio Anglés, Spanish priest and musicologist (n. 1888).
1975: Raimundo Martin, Mexican bishop (n. 1882).
1977: Roberto Airaldi, Argentine actor (n. 1902).
1977: Juan Gavala and Laborde, Spanish engineer (n. 1885).
1978: Golda Meir, first Israeli minister (n. 1898).
1980: John Lennon, British singer and composer, of the band The Beatles (n. 1940).
1982: Sidonio Muralha, Portuguese writer (n. 1920).
1983: Slim Pickens, American actor (n. 1919).
1984: Luther Adler, American actor (n. 1903).
1984: Mary Terán de Weiss, Argentine tennis player (n. 1918).
1987: the entire team of the Peruvian football club Club Alianza Lima (Aerial Tragedy of the Club Alianza Lima), when the plane in which they returned to Lima fell.
1990: Boris Kojnó, Russian libretist (n. 1904).
1990: Martin Ritt, American filmmaker (n. 1914).
1993: Ámbar La Fox, vedette argentina (n. 1935).
1993: Arturo Sergio Visca, Uruguayan writer (n. 1917).
1994: Antonio Carlos Jobim, Brazilian composer and pianist (n. 1927).
1994: Enrique Líster, Spanish military and political (n. 1907).
1997: Carlos Rafael Rodríguez, politician and Cuban economist (n. 1913).
2003: Rubén González, Cuban pianist (n. 1919).
2003: Antonio Quilis, Spanish philologist (n. 1933).
2004: Dimebag Darrell, American guitarist, Pantera and Damageplan bands (n. 1966).
2004: José Libertella, tango musician and Argentine bandoneonist (n. 1933).
2005: Julio Sánchez Vargas, Mexican politician (n. 1914).
2006: José Díaz Macías, Spanish footballer (n. 1946).
2008: Flurin Caviezel, Swiss writer (n. 1934).
2008: Robert Prosky, American actor (n. 1930).
2015: Douglas Tompkins, American environmentalist (n. 1943).
2016: John Glenn, American astronaut and businessman (n. 1921).
2019: Carroll Spinney, puppeteer, cartoonist, author and American speaker (n. 1933).
2019: Juice Wrld, American rapper and composer (n. 1998).
2020: Alejandro Sabella, footballer and Argentine coach (n. 1954).
2021: Barry Harris, pianist, teacher, arranger and composer of American jazz (n. 1929).
2021: Lars Høgh, Danish footballer (n. 1959).
2021: Susana Higuchi, a Peruvian civil and political engineer (n. 1950).
2022: Martha Hildebrandt, linguist and Peruvian politics (n. 1925).

Celebrations

ColombiaColombia: Velitas Day, to celebrate the Immaculate Conception of Mary national holiday.
PhilippinesPhilippines: official party, to celebrate the Immaculate Conception, the main patron of the Philippines.
United States: Festivity of the Immaculate Conception, patron of the United States.
SpainSpain: Festival of the Immaculate Conception, patron of Spain.
- Onteniente (Valencian Community), patron saint of the Purísima
- Torrevieja (Valencian Community), Patron Festivals the Immaculate Conception
- Yecla (Region of Murcia), fiestas of the Virgen del Castillo
- Martos (Jaén). Aceituna traditional party, unique in the world.
- Christmas, Christmas Eve
- Holy of the Army Infantry Gun.
Equatorial Guinea: Immaculate Conception Day.
Mexico Mexico:
- Oaxaca, Day of the Virgin of Juquila
- Veracruz, Day of Our Lady of Cosamaloapan, celebrations in other towns or cities in honor of the Immaculate Conception, such as: Cordoba, Xalapa, Tlalixcoyan.
- Chihuahua, foundation of Ciudad Juárez (1659).
- Business Manager Day
ItalyItaly: Inmacolata Festival Concezione.
Argentina: Virgin Mary's Day.
Paraguay Paraguay: Day of the Virgin of Caacupé.
Panama Panama:
- Mother's Day, in honor of the Immaculate Conception
- El Sesteadero Race Festival in the district of Las Tablas (the province of Los Santos).
Portugal: Day of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin (Imaculada Conceição).
ChileChile: Day of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin. It is also known as The Immaculate, The Purest or simply Day of the Virgin.
NicaraguaNicaragua: Day of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin.
Peru Peru: Day of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin.
France
- Lyon: Fête des Lumières (Festival de Luces) to venerate the Virgin Mary.
GuatemalaGuatemala: Virgin of the Kings, the Immaculate Conception, December 5, December 7 (phogarons), December 8, Classic Day.
Uruguay Uruguay: Day of the beaches.
The Anglican Church, celebrates the feast of Conception of the Blessed Virgin Marywhich is considered a minor festival, but has its own liturgy and is celebrated with importance, especially in the countries with a fair that day, is also known as Conception of Our Lady, some Anglicans close to Catholicism, add the adjective of Immaculate or Pure.
AndorraAndorra: Festival of the Immaculate Conception