December 5th

December 5 is the 339th (three hundred and thirty-ninth) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar and the 340th in leap years. There are 26 days left to end the year.

Events

• 633: the fourth Council of Toledo begins, in the presence of King Sisenando, under the direction of Saint Isidoro.
• 1063: An earthquake occurs in the village of Khammam, 170 km east of Hyderabad, India.
• 1484: in Rome, Italy, Pope Inocencio VIII publishes his famous bull Summis desiderantes affectibusby which he commands the Inquisition to pursue the witches in the known world.
• 1492: In the Caribbean Sea, Christopher Columbus—in the framework of his first trip to America—up to the island of La Española, where the Haitian and Dominican republics are present.
• 1550: The second Virrey, Don Luis de Velasco and Ruiz de Alarcón, arrives at the Viceroy of New Spain.
• 1703 (“November 24” according to the Julian calendar in force on those dates in Europe): the first day of the Great Storm of 1703 – the most violent recorded in the History of Northern Europe – is recorded. It covered an area of 500 km in width, including Wales, Central and South England, North Sea, Netherlands and North Germany. Tornadoes were reported. British journalist and writer Daniel Defoe (author of Robinson Crusoe) wrote that it was "the most terrible storm the world has seen." Many ships of the Dutch and British war fleets sank, with hundreds of drowned. In many places, cyclonic pairs were produced. The floods generated drowned an undetermined number of people (between 8,000 and 5,000).
• 1746: The Republic of Genoa is subservient against the Austrians in the framework of the Austrian War of Succession.
• 1813: Venezuela Araure current Portuguese State. Battle of Araure part of the independence struggle.
• 1814: Venezuela Urica current state Anzoátegui. Battle of Urica part of the independence struggle.
• 1824: in Peru, General Simon Bolivar takes the city of Lima, occupied by the realistic forces.
• 1860: in Lima (Peru) the first fire company is created.
• 1865: Peru and Chile sign an offensive-defensive alliance treaty.
• 1895: Guatemala founded the Port Town, currently known as Puerto Barrios, in the Department of Izabal.
• 1912: in Europe, the German Empire, the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Italy prolong their Triple Alliance for six years.
• 1914: At the beginning of the First World War, the Italian Parliament approved the country's neutrality policy, thus betraying the Triple Alliance of 1882.
• 1918: in Spain begins the new Government of the Count of Romanones.
• 1919: In Colombia, Avianca was founded, the first airline in America.
• 1920: in Greece, the majority of the population in referendum calls for the return of King Constantine I.
• 1928: In Ciénaga, near Santa Marta, on the Caribbean coast of Colombia, between December 5 and 6, the Government of Miguel Abadía Méndez ordered the killing of 1800 workers on strike against the US company United Fruit Company (Masacre de las Bananeras).
• 1929: in Spain, King Alfonso XIII declares (through "real order") to Granada as a historical-artistic group.
• 1930: The Royal Spanish Academy approves the use of female nouns indicating professions or charges.
• 1931: In the observatory of Algiers (Algeria), French astronomer Guy Reiss discovered the asteroid Algeria (1213).
• 1931: The Cathedral of Christ the Saviour of Moscow was destroyed by a request from Iosif Stalin.
• 1933: In the United States, the dry law prohibits the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages and was in force for 13 years.
• 1934: in Honduras, a strong earthquake destroys the towns of San Jorge, La Encarnación and San Fernando.
• 1936: The constitution of that country is created in the Soviet Union.
• 1941: Britain declares war on Finland, Hungary and Romania.
• 1941: In the Soviet Union, General Zhúkov leads a counterattack to break the fence during the battle of Moscow.
• 1944: In Italy—in the framework of the Second World War—British troops occupy Rávena.
• 1945: Near the United States, five U.S. Navy TBM Avenger bombers are lost in the Bermuda Triangle, the famous Flight 19 case.
• 1946: The UN is definitely installed in New York.
• 1953: In Bogotá, Colombia, the first twenty Colombian physiotherapists graduate. On that date the Colombian Association of Physiotherapy (ASCOFI) is created as a national union. Since then, this date marks the Day of the Physiotherapist in Colombia.
• 1957: On December 5, 1957, the Glenside Lions Club, the United States, sponsored the first LEO Club in the world.
• 1961: on the farm La Bandera Cubana, in the village of Cuatro Vientos, near the Cuban municipality of Cumanayagua (provincia de Cienfuegos), the "bandido" Jesus Ramón Real Hernández (Realito), a member of the terrorist gang of Manuel Alberto Pacheco Rodríguez (El Congo Pacheco)—in the framework of the terrorist attacks organized by the US CIA—kills peasant José Pérez González (Luquita).
• 1962: The United States and the Soviet Union agree on the peaceful use of space.
• 1964: in the same tunnel, in the U2ai area of the Nevada atomic testing site (about 100 km northwest of the city of Las Vegas), at 13:15 (local time), the United States simultaneously detonates its atomic bombs Drill 1 (with less than 3.4 kilotons, 219 meters deep) and Drill 2 (with less than 20 kilotons on the surface). It is the bombs No. 395 and 396 of the 1131 that the United States detonated between 1945 and 1992. At 2.66 km south, at 404 m deep, it detonates exactly at the same time its pump n.o 397: Crepe, 20 kt.
• 1969: in a tunnel 419 meters underground, in the U12e.11 area of the Nevada atomic testing site (about 100 km northwest of the city of Las Vegas), at 9:00 (local time) United States detonates its atomic bomb n.o 655: Diesel Train, 20 kiloton.
• 1976: first appearance of the ikurriña, although illegal, in the Atocha football field in a match between Real Sociedad and Athletic de Bilbao.
• 1997: assumes as head of Government of the Federal District the perredista Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas Solórzano, becoming the first ruler of Mexico City elected by universal suffrage.
• 1999: at the European Film Awards, the film All about my mother (from Pedro Almodóvar), he won the award for the best film of the year.
• 2000: in Mexico City, Andrés López Obrador assumes the Government of the Federal District; he is the first elected ruler for a period of 6 years.
• 2005: the Southern Winds airline cancels all its operations.
• 2006: In Asunción (Paraguay) there are disorders in protest because the owners of the Ycuá Bolaños supermarket sentenced them only to five years in prison for having closed the doors of their supermarket while on fire (396 people died, half of them children).
• 2006: in Fiyi, the armed forces under the command of the Comforter Frank Bainimarama, perpetrated a coup against President Ratu Josefa Iloilo and Prime Minister Laisenia Qarase.
• 2006: in Mexico City, Marcelo Ebrard Casaubón took office as head of government of the Federal District.
• 2007: Arsenal de Sarandí, wins the first title of its history, the South American Cup, defeating in the end the Americas of Mexico.
• 2008: Honda team decides to withdraw from Formula 1.
• 2009: In a disco in the Russian town of Perm, a fire causes 107 deaths and 200 wounded.
• 2010: in a poor sector of the municipality of Bello (Colombia), a land alud burys more than 120 people.
• 2011: the planet Kepler-22b, the first living planet outside the solar system, is discovered.
• 2011: it is opened in Casablanca, Morocco the Morocco Mall, the largest shopping center in Africa.
• 2012: at the time Mexico, D. F., Miguel Ángel Mancera took office as head of Government of the Federal District.
• 2013: the UN declares that in 2014 World Soil Day is celebrated
• 2018: In Mexico City, Claudia Sheinbaum is assumed as Head of Government of Mexico City.
• 2021: The Club of Football Universidad de Chile achieves the feat of avoiding the descent to the First B of Chile by noting three goals in the last 10 minutes to the Club Unión La Calera in the Stadium The Lieutenant located in the city of Rancagua.

Births

• 1373: Jianwen, Chinese emperor (f. 1402).
• 1443: July II, Italian pope (f. 1513).
• 1537: Ashikaga Yoshiaki, Japanese military (f. 1597).
• 1539: Fausto Socino, Italian theologian (f. 1604).
• 1595: Henry Lawes, British composer and musician (f. 1662).
• 1661: Robert Harley, British statesman (f. 1724).
• 1687: Francesco Geminiani, Italian composer (f. 1762).
• 1782: Martin Van Buren, 8th American President (f. 1862).
• 1792: Andrés de Santa Cruz, Bolivian-Peruvian politician, president of Peru in 1827 and Bolivia between 1829 and 1839 (f. 1865).
• 1803: Fiódor Tiútchev, Russian writer and poet (f. 1873).
• 1804: Cesare Cantù, Italian historian and writer (f. 1895).
• 1822: Elizabeth Cabot Agassiz, American educator and naturalist (f. 1907).
• 1830: Christina Rossetti, British poet (f. 1894).
• 1839: George Armstrong Custer, American military (f. 1876).
• 1849: Rafael Reyes Prieto, Colombian military and political (f. 1921).
• 1855: Clinton Hart Merriam, American ornithologist (f. 1942).
• 1857: Mario Méndez Bejarano, Spanish literary and political (f. 1931).
• 1859: John Jellicoe, British Admiral (f. 1935).
• 1861: Armando Díaz, Italian military (f. 1928).
• 1863: Paul Painlevé, mathematician, aeronautical and French political engineer (f. 1933).
• 1867: Antti Aarne, Finnish folklorist (f. 1925).
• 1867: Józef Piłsudski, a Polish military and statesman (f. 1935).
• 1868: Arnold Sommerfeld, German physicist (f. 1951).
• 1870: Vítězslav Novák, Czech composer (f. 1949).
• 1872: Harry Nelson Pillsbury, American chess player (f. 1906).
• 1878: Manuel Torre, Spanish flamenco singer (f. 1933).
• 1884: Miguel Alessio Robles, Mexican journalist and writer (f. 1951).
• 1885: Alonso Quesada, a Spanish writer (f. 1925).
• 1888: Maxwell Anderson, American playwright (f. 1959).
• 1890: Fritz Lang, German filmmaker (f. 1976).
• 1891: Alexander Rodchenko, Russian painter (f.1956).
• 1895: David-Zvi Pinkas, Israeli politician (f. 1952).
• 1895: Mamerto Urriolagoitia, Bolivian politician, was president of this country between 1949 and 1951 (f. 1974).
• 1896: Carl Ferdinand Cori, American chemist, nobel prize for physiology or medicine in 1947 (f. 1984).
• 1896: Dámaso Cárdenas del Río, militar y política mexicano (f. 1976).
• 1897: Nunnally Johnson, writer, producer and filmmaker (f. 1977).
• 1898: Abelardo Bonilla Baldares, a Costa Rican politician (f. 1969).
• 1898: Grace Moore, soprano and American actress (f. 1947).
• 1898: María Luisa Escobar, musicologist, pianist and Venezuelan composer (f. 1985).
• 1901: Walt Disney, American cartoonist and filmmaker (f. 1966).
• 1901: Milton H. Erickson, American doctor (f. 1980).
• 1901: Werner Heisenberg, German physicist, nobel prize of physics in 1932 (f. 1976).
• 1902: Strom Thurmond, American politician (f. 2003).
• 1902: Emeric Pressburger, Hungarian-British filmmaker
• 1903: Johannes Heesters, Dutch actor and singer (f. 2011).
• 1903: Cecil Frank Powell, British physicist, nobel prize of physics in 1950 (f. 1969).
• 1905: Otto Preminger, Austrian-American filmmaker (f. 1986).
• 1907: Lin Biao, Chinese military and political (f. 1971).
• 1910: Abraham Polonsky, American filmmaker.
• 1911: Władysław Szpilman, Polish pianist (f. 2000).
• 1913: Esther Borja, Cuban soprano (f. 2013).
• 1918: Rafael Termes, Spanish banker (f. 2005).
• 1918: Andrés Mateo, Spanish footballer (f. 1993).
• 1919: Guido Gorgatti, an Argentine actor of Italian origin.
• 1920: Dalmacio Langarica, Spanish cyclist (f. 1985).
• 1921: Roberto Ares Pons, Uruguayan historian (f. 2000).
• 1922: Juan Carlos Casariego de Bel, Spanish-Argentine lawyer and economist; disappeared (f. 1977).
• 1925: Anastasio Somoza Debayle, dictator and Nicaraguan murderer (f. 1980).
• 1927: Bhumibol Adulyadej, Thai king (f. 2016).
• 1927: Oscar Míguez, Uruguayan footballer (f. 2006).
• 1931: Manuel Caballero, Venezuelan historian (f. 2010).
• 1931: Julia Martínez, Spanish actress.
• 1932: Sheldon Lee Glashow, U.S. physicist, Nobel Prize in Physics in 1979.
• 1932: Little Richard, American musician (f. 2020).
• 1932: Fazu Alieva, Russian poet (f. 2016).
• 1934: Joan Didion, novelist, writer and American journalist (f. 2021).
• 1938: J. J. Cale, American musician (f. 2013).
• 1939: Ricardo Bofill, Spanish architect (f. 2022).
• 1940: Fifteen Duncan, a Costa Rican African Caribbean writer.
• 1944: Roy Sáenz, soccer player and Costa Rican coach.
• 1945: Moshe Katsav, Israeli president.
• 1946: José Carreras, Spanish opera singer.
• 1947: Egberto Gismonti, Brazilian musician, composer and multi-instrumentist.
• 1947: Jim Messina, American producer and bassist, of the Buffalo Springfield band.
• 1950: Camarón de la Isla, Spanish singer (f. 1992).
• 1950: Tony Isbert, Spanish actor.
• 1952: Günther Förg, German artist.
• 1954: Hanif Kureishi, a British writer of Pakistani origin.
• 1956: Klaus Allofs, German footballer.
• 1956: Krystian Zimerman, Polish pianist.
• 1957: Raquel Argadoña, exmodelo, politician, actress and presenter of Chilean television.
• 1959: Julio Galán, Mexican landscape painter (f. 2006).
• 1960: Juan Lobos, a Chilean doctor and politician (f. 2011).
• 1960: Osvaldo Golijov, Argentine composer.
• 1962: José Cura, Argentine tenor.
• 1962: Luis Silva, Venezuelan singer.
• 1963: Nohely Arteaga, Venezuelan actress.
• 1963: Jesús Montoya, Spanish cyclist.
• 1963: Alberto Nisman, Argentine prosecutor (f. 2015).
• 1965: John Rzeznik, American musician, of the band Goo Goo Dolls.
• 1966: Patricia Kaas, French singer.
• 1967: Juan Carlos Fresnadillo, Spanish filmmaker.
• 1967: Julio César Toresani, Argentine footballer.
• 1968: Margaret Cho, American actress.
• 1968: Lisa Marie, American actress and model.
• 1969: Ramón Ramírez, Mexican footballer.
• 1970: Nacho Guerreros, Spanish actor.
• 1973: Luboš Motl, Czech physicist.
• 1973: Patricia Pérez, Spanish actress and presenter.
• 1975: Ronnie O'Sullivan, British snooker player.
• 1975: Alfredo del Mazo Maza, Mexican politician.
• 1976: Amy Acker, American actress.
• 1978: Mariano Martínez, Argentine actor.
• 1978: Renato Pizarro Osses, Chilean guitarist, of the band Keko Yoma.
• 1978: Marcelo Zalayeta, Uruguayan footballer.
• 1979: Jordi Bargalló, Spanish skate hockey player.
• 1979: Nick Stahl, American actor.
• 1979: Ezequiel Tronconi, an Argentine actor.
• 1980: Jessica Paré, Canadian actress.
• 1981: Valeria Gastaldi, Argentine actress and singer.
• 1981: Darío Santillán, an Argentine artist and activist (f. 2002).
• 1982: Eddy Curry, American basketball player.
• 1982: Keri Hilson, American singer.
• 1982: Karl Palatu, Estonian footballer.
• 1985: Mariana Torres, Mexican actress.
• 1985: Andre Pierre Gignac, French footballer.
• 1985: Frankie Muniz, American actor.
• 1985: Josh Smith, American basketball player.
• 1988: Ross Bagley, American actor.
• 1989: Kwon Yuri, South Korean singer, member of the group Girls' Generation.
• 1991: Christian Yelich, American baseball player.
• 1993: Ross Barkley, British footballer.
• 1993: Luciano Vietto, Argentine footballer.
• 1994: Alexandra Beaton, Canadian actress and dancer.
• 1994: Ondrej Duda, Slovak footballer.
• 1995: Alexander Sørloth, Norwegian footballer.
• 1998: Conan Gray, American singer and composer.
• 2000: Dillom, Argentine rapper.
• 2000: Soobin, Korean singer from South Korean boygroup TXT
• 2001: Diego Velázquez, an American actor.
• 2004: Annie LeBlanc, American actress and singer.
• 2006: Knut, German polar bear (f. 2011).

Deaths

• 63 B.C.: Publio Cornelio Léntulo Sura, a Roman politician (n. c. 114 B.C.).
• 1082: Ramón Berenguer II, Count of Barcelona (n. 1053).
• 1560: Francis II, French king between 1559 and 1560 (n. 1544).
• 1624: Caspar Bauhin, botanist and Swiss doctor (n. 1560).
• 1749: Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, Franco-Canadian trader and explorer (n. 1685).
• 1791: Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Austrian composer (n. 1756).
• 1807: Francis Willis, British physician (n. 1718).
• 1814: Miguel José Sanz, Venezuelan jurist and procer (n. 1756).
• 1814: José Tomás Boves, Spanish military, commander during the Second Republic of Venezuela (n. 1782).
• 1870: Alexander Dumas, French novelist and playwright (n. 1802).
• 1875: Mariano Cubí and Soler, linguist and Spanish frenologist (n. 1801).
• 1888: Vicente Bascuñán Vargas, politician and Chilean domicile (n. 1813).
• 1891: Peter II, Brazilian emperor (n. 1825).
• 1925: Władysław Reymont, Polish novelist, Nobel Literature Prize in 1924 (n. 1867).
• 1926: Claude Monet, French painter (n. 1840).
• 1927: Fiódor Sologub, Russian poet and novelist (n. 1863).
• 1931: Vachel Lindsay, American poet (n. 1879).
• 1940: Jan Kubelík, violinist and Czech composer (n. 1880).
• 1946: Aleksandr Shapiro, Russian anarcho-syndicalist (n. 1882)
• 1950: Sri Aurobindo, yoga teacher and Indian poet (n. 1872)
• 1953: Jorge Negrete, Mexican singer and actor (n. 1911).
• 1957: Evan Gorga, Italian tenor (n. 1865).
• 1966: Sylvère Maes, Belgian cyclist (n. 1909).
• 1973: Sir Robert Watson-Watt, British physicist and inventor (n. 1892).
• 1979: Sonia Delaunay, Russian painter (n. 1885).
• 1979: Lesley Selander, American filmmaker (n. 1900).
• 1983: Robert Aldrich, American filmmaker (n. 1918).
• 1984: Ethel Mannin, British writer (n. 1900).
• 1985: Howard Rodman, American writer (n. 1920).
• 1986: Roberto Escalada, Argentine radio actor, film and television (n. 1914).
• 1988: Manuel Juan Carrillo Marco, Spanish sculptor and stalist (n. 1915).
• 1989: Antonio Tanguma, Mexican musician and composer (n. 1903).
• 1989: John Pritchard, director of British orchestra and musician (n. 1921).
• 1994: Rosario Garza Sada, philanthropist and Mexican cultural promoter (n. 1893).
• 1995: Lisa McPherson, U.S. Adept to Scientology (n. 1959).
• 1995: Clair Cameron Patterson, American geochemical (n. 1922).
• 1997: Rudolf Bahro, a German politician and eco-socialist philosopher (n. 1935).
• 2002: Pedro de Aguillón, Mexican actor (n. 1915).
• 2007: Karlheinz Stockhausen, German composer (n. 1928).
• 2008: Alejo II, a Estonian religious and patriarch (n. 1929).
• 2009: Manuel Prado, senator, diplomat and Spanish businessman (n. 1931).
• 2010: Marcos Valcárcel, historian, journalist and Spanish writer (n. 1958).
• 2011: Peter Gethin, British motor racing pilot (n. 1940).
• 2011: Jorge Hourton, Franco-Chinese Bishop (n. 1926).
• 2011: Violetta Villas, Polish soprano (n. 1938).
• 2012: Dave Brubeck, pianist and American jazz composer (n. 1920).
• 2012: Oscar Niemeyer (104), Brazilian architect and centenary (n. 1907).

Nelson Mandela

• 2013: Nelson Mandela, a South African politician, lawyer and activist, president of South Africa between 1994 and 1999, Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 (n. 1918).
• 2014: Fabiola de Mora y Aragón, aristocrat española (n. 1928).
• 2017: Michael I, Romanian aristocrat, king of Romania between 1927-1930 and 1940-1947 (n. 1921).
• 2017: Johnny Hallyday, French singer and actor (n. 1943).
• 2019: Faure Chomon, Miliar and Cuban Revolutionary (n. 1929).
• 2020: Ildikó Pécsi, Hungarian actress (n. 1940).
• 2021: Bob Dole, American politician (n. 1923).
• 2021: Song Gisuk, Korean novelist and essayist (n. 1935).
• 2021: Stevan Jelovac, Yugoslav basketball player (n. 1989).
• 2022:
  • Bernd Rohr, German cyclist (n. 1937).
  • Kirstie Alley, American actress, producer and screenwriter (n. 1951).

Celebrations

• International Volunteer Day
• Latin American Day of the Fight against Oral Cancer
• World Soil Day
• Argentina: National Cycling Day
• ChileChile: Public Administrator's Day
• CubaCuba: Construction Day
• EcuadorEcuador: National Day of Independence of Quito
• NetherlandsNetherlands: Fiesta de San Nicolás
• Peru Peru:
  • Fire Day
  • Statistician Day
  • Mining Day
• Dominican RepublicDominican Republic: National Volunteer Day
• Venezuela Venezuela: University Professor's Day.

Catholic saints list

• Santa Crispina Tagorense, martyr (304).
• San Sabas de Capadocia, abad (532).
• San Lúcido de Aquara, monk (c. 983).
• Saint Geraldo de Braga, bishop (1108).
• Beato Bartolomé Fanti, priest (1495).
• Saint John Almond, priest and martyr (1612).
• Blessed Nicholas Stensen, Bishop (1683).
• Blessed Philip Rinaldi, priest (1931).