December 27

December 27 is the 361st (thirty-sixty-first) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar and the 362nd in leap years. There are 4 days left to end the year.

Events

• 537: In Constantinople (current Istanbul in Turkey) the Basilica of the Holy Sofia is finished.
• 1512: in Spain Royal Orders given for the good regiment and treatment of the Indiansbetter known as Burgos Laws.
• 1703: Portugal and England sign the Methuen Treaty by which Portuguese wines achieve their monopoly position in the British market.
• 1763: Treaty of Paris, by which the British return Manila to the Spanish.
• 1788: Luis XVI of France agrees to double the number of representatives of the third state in the General States, thus matching the number of deputies of the nobility and the clergy together.
• 1789: Luis XVI of France convenes the General States.
• 1805: The Pressburg Treaty was signed.
• 1820: In the town of Lambayeque (Peru), the first liberating shout of that country is proclaimed against the Spaniards.
• 1827: In the province of Buenos Aires (Argentina) Commander Bernardino Writeno founded the Fort Federation, which later became the city of Junín.
• 1831: In England, Charles Darwin takes part in the Beagle camp towards South America; this journey will allow him to demonstrate his famous theory of evolution.
• 1836: the Spanish government recognizes Mexico's independence.
• 1870: in Madrid, General Juan Prim is the victim of an attack. Surrounded by several shots, he died three days later.
• 1874: The first official baseball game in history is played.
• 1881: In the province of San Juan (Argentina) the department is created.
• 1897: In the Porte-Saint-Martin Theatre (Paris), Cyrano de Bergerac is premiered, by the poet and playwright Edmond Rostand.
• 1908: The Club Atlético River Plate for the first time rises to the first Argentine football division.
• 1917: In the framework of the Russian Revolution the Soviets nationalize the 18 existing banks in Russia.
• 1933: In the framework of the Chaco War, the truce between Bolivia and Paraguay was extended until January 15, on Christmas.
• 1934: Persia begins to be called Iran, at the disposal of the Government.
• 1936: In the middle of the Spanish Civil War, Santander is bombarded by the Francoist aircraft, producing about 70 deaths and 50 injuries among the civilian population. As a replica, 156 prisoners of the ship-prison Alfonso Pérez are killed that same day.
• 1939: in Turkey at 1:57 h, an earthquake of magnitude 7.9 on the Richter scale destroys the city of Erzincan (in East Anatolia), and leaves a balance of 32,968 victims.
• 1945: the International Monetary Fund is created.
• 1947: In Rome, Italy, the First Italian Constitution was published after the Second World War.
• 1949: The Netherlands recognizes the independence of Indonesia as part of an economic union between the archipelago and the former metropolis.
• 1968: Amerizes Apollo 8 after giving ten orbits around the Moon. The first manned mission to the Moon is ended.
• 1968: in Asturias, more than 5000 miners are on strike, even though this is illegal under Franco's dictatorship.
• 1974: in Lima (Peru) the Alejandro Villanueva stadium is inaugurated.
• 1978: In Spain, after the end of the Franco dictatorship, King Juan Carlos I sanctioned the Spanish Constitution.
• 1979: The Soviet Union intervenes in the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan.
• 1983: The Congress of the Deputies of Spain endorsed the decree-law on industrial reconversion.
• 1985: Barcelona officially requests the organization of the Olympic Games.
• 1985: at Vienna and Rome airports, two simultaneous attacks on the Israeli airline El-Al caused the deaths of 16 people and more than 100 wounded.
• 1987: in the city of Guayaquil (Ecuador) is inaugurated the Isidro Romero Carbo Monumental Stadium, Barcelona Sporting Club.
• 1988: In Bangladés, a boat sinks; 250 people disappear.
• 1989: in Panama, the Electoral Tribunal proclaims president of the country to Guillermo Endara.
• 1993: In Cairo, Egypt, the PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization) and Israel negotiate a final agreement for Gaza and Jericho.
• 1995: In Israel, after nearly 30 years of occupation, the Army leaves Ramallah (north Jerusalem), the sixth town of the West Bank where Palestinian autonomy enters into force.
• 1997: In Northern Ireland Billy Wright, a Protestant paramilitary leader, is murdered.
• 2002:
  • In Grozni, Chechnya, two bombs explode at pro-Russian barracks. 72 people are killed and 200 others are injured.
  • In Mexico City, the violent seizure of the CNI Canal 40 broadcasting plant is carried out in the Cerro del Chiquihuite event known as The Chiquihuitazo.
• 2004: the strongest explosion in history is recorded in a magnetar at 50 000 light years.
• 2006: from the Baikonur cosmodrome the European mission Corot is launched in search of extra-solar planets.
• 2007: In Rawalpindi (Pakistan), Benazir Bhutto (first minister between 1988 and 1990) is killed in a suicide bombing.
• 2008: After the indiscriminate bombings of the Hamas terrorist group from the Gaza Strip, which led to the death of three Israeli civilians, the Israel Defense Forces began to retaliate against Operation Cast Lead, a massive bombing on the Gaza Strip, which led to the death of hundreds of Palestinian men, women and civilian children (673, according to Israel).
• 2018: in Venezuela, a earthquake of magnitude 4.9 shook at 5:00 a.m. local time, the central area of the country. The event was recorded 12 kilometers from the northeast of Valencia (10,258 N68.080 W), with a depth of 9.4 kilometers, according to the report of the Fundación Venezolana de Investigaciones Sismológica (Funvisis). So far three replicas have been recorded. The first magnitude 3.9 to 15 kilometers from Valencia at 05:12 in the morning, with a depth of 13.8 kilometers. The second to 5:20 magnitude 3.9 in the same place. The third replica at 05:24 am, also at 16km from Valencia was of magnitude 4.5 with a depth of 12.6km. Social media users reported that they felt the earthquake in Caracas, Valencia, Maracay, among other cities.

Births

• 1350: John I, king of Aragones (f. 1396).
• 1390: Ana Mortimer, English noble (f. 1411).
• 1459: John I Alberto of Poland, Polish king (f. 1501).
• 1555: Johann Arndt, German theologian (f. 1621).

Johannes Kepler

• 1571: Johannes Kepler, astronomer and German philosopher (f. 1630).
• 1654: Jakob Bernoulli, Swiss mathematician and scientist (f. 1705).
• 1683: Conyers Middleton, British clergyman (f. 1750).
• 1755: Antonio I, king Saxon (f. 1836).
• 1761: Mikhail Barclay of Tolly, Russian military (f. 1818).
• 1773: George Cayley, British engineer and inventor (f. 1857).
• 1792: Pietro Zorutti, Italian poet (f. 1867).
• 1793: Alexander Gordon Laing, British explorer (f. 1826).
• 1795 or 1797: Manuela Sáenz, patriot and Ecuadorian independentist (f. 1856).
• 1799: Serafín Estébanez Calderón, a Spanish writer (f. 1867).
• 1806: Ramón Cabrera, a Spanish Military Carlist (f. 1877).
• 1820: Juan de la Rosa González, a Spanish writer (f. 1886).

Louis Pasteur

• 1822: Louis Pasteur, French chemist (f. 1895).
• 1823: Mackenzie Bowell, Canadian Prime Minister (f. 1917).
• 1832: Pável Tretiakov, Russian businessman (f. 1898).
• 1846: Ricardo Sepúlveda and Planter, Spanish writer (f. 1909).
• 1856: André Gedalge, composer and teacher of French music (f. 1926).
• 1859: Vicente March, a Spanish painter (f. 1927).
• 1879: Sydney Greenstreet, British actor (f. 1954).
• 1886: Juan Marcilla Arrazola, Spanish engineer (f. 1950).
• 1888: Tito Schipa, Italian tenor (f. 1965).
• 1888: Thea von Harbou, German screenwriter and actress (f. 1954).
• 1895: Rafael Salazar Alonso, Spanish politician (f. 1936).
• 1896: Carl Zuckmayer, poet, playwright and German-Swiss writer (f. 1977).
• 1899: Leopoldo Torres Ríos, Argentine filmmaker (f. 1960).
• 1900: Juan de Orduña, actor and Spanish filmmaker (f. 1974).
• 1901: Marlene Dietrich, German actress (f. 1992).
• 1906: Carlos Juan Zavala Rodríguez, lawyer, commercial jurist and minister of the Supreme Court of Justice of Argentina (f. 1988)
• 1906: Oscar Levant, American pianist (f. 1972).
• 1907: Sebastian Haffner, German journalist and writer (f. 1999).
• 1907: Johann Wilhelm Trollmann, German boxer (f. 1943).
• 1907: Mary Edgar Mussi (alias Mary Howard and Josephine Edgar), British writer (f. 1991).
• 1912: Francisco Zúñiga, Costa Rican sculptor (f. 1998).
• 1915: William Howell Masters, American gynecologist (f. 2001).
• 1916: Alfonso del Real, Spanish actor (f. 2002).
• 1922: Juan Gerardi, Guatemalan bishop; murdered (f. 1998).
• 1922: Ramón Trías Fargas, economist and Spanish politician (f. 1989).

Michel Piccoli

• 1925: Michel Piccoli, French actor and producer (f. 2020).
• 1926: Rodrigo Carazo Odio, Costa Rican politician, president of Costa Rica between 1978 and 1982 (f. 2009).
• 1929: Lucio Muñoz, a Spanish painter (f. 1998).
• 1930: Julio Diamante, Spanish filmmaker.
• 1931: John Charles, British footballer (f. 2004).
• 1934: Larisa Latýnina, a Soviet gymnast.
• 1934: Juan Ángel Romero Isasi, Paraguayan footballer (f. 2009).
• 1936: José Pérez-Francés, Spanish cyclist.
• 1936: Ramón Miralles, Spanish footballer.
• 1938: Jon Sobrino, Basque Jesuit theologian.
• 1938: Rolf Wolfshohl, German cyclist.
• 1939: Miguel Alcobendas, Spanish filmmaker.
• 1939: John Amos, American actor.
• 1941: Michael Pinder, British musician, of the band The Moody Blues.
• 1942: Oscar Cardozo Ocampo, pianist and Argentine-Paraguayan composer (f. 2001).
• 1942: Gerardo Díaz Ferrán, Spanish entrepreneur.
• 1943: Joan Manuel Serrat, Spanish singer.
• 1944: Eliseo Subiela, Argentine filmmaker.
• 1944: Iván Egüez, Ecuadorian writer.

Gérard Depardieu

• 1948: Gérard Depardieu, French actor.
• 1949: Klaus Fischer, German footballer.
• 1950: Roberto Bettega, Italian footballer.
• 1950: Terry Bozzio, American drummer, from the Missing Persons band.
• 1950: Haris Alexiou, Greek singer.
• 1951: Ernesto Zedillo, Mexican politician, President of Mexico between 1994 and 2000.
• 1952: David Knopfler, British musician, of the band Dire Straits.
• 1954: Kent Benson, American basketball player.
• 1955: Miguel Gallardo, Spanish historian (f. 2022).
• 1956: Kiko Matamoros, representative and television collaborator
• 1958: Julio Menchaca Salazar, Mexican politician.
• 1961: Guido Westerwelle, German lawyer and politician.
• 1963: Gaspar Noé, Argentine-French filmmaker.
• 1964: Theresa Randle, American actress.
• 1965: Salman Khan, Indian actor.
• 1966: Bill Goldberg, professional fighter and American footballer.
• 1968: Diego el Cigala, Spanish flamenco singer.

Masi Oka

• 1969: Sarah Vowell, American journalist and author.
• 1969: Marco Antonio Regil, presenter and Mexican locutor.
• 1971: Serguei Bodrov, Russian actor.
• 1972: Matt Slocum, American musician, of the Sixpence None the Richer band.
• 1972: Kevin Ollie, American basketball player.
• 1973: Wilson Cruz, New York actor.
• 1974: Masi Oka, Japanese actor.
• 1975: Heather O'Rourke, American actress (f. 1988).
• 1976: Aaron Stanford, American actor.

Emilie de Ravin

• 1980: Claudio Castagnoli, Swiss professional fighter.
• 1981: David Aardsma, American baseball player.
• 1981: Lise Darly, French singer.
• 1981: Javine Hilton, British singer.
• 1981: Emilie de Ravin, Australian actress.
• 1982: Michael Bourn, American baseball player.
• 1982: Terji Skibenæs, guitarist feroés, from the band Týr.
• 1982: Richarlyson Barbosa Felisbino, Brazilian footballer.
• 1983: Cole Hamels, American baseball player.
• 1984: Gilles Simon, French tennis player.
• 1985: Cristian Villagra, Argentine footballer.

Hayley Williams

• 1985: Adil Rami, French footballer.
• 1985: Sara Corrales, actress, model and businesswoman
• 1986: Shelly-Ann Fraser, Jamaican athlete.
• 1988: Hayley Williams, American music, leader of the Paramore band.
• 1990: Juvhel Tsoumou, German footballer.
• 1990: Milos Raonic, Canadian tennis player.
• 1991: Chloe Bridges, American actress.
• 1995: Carlos Cuevas, Spanish actor.
• 1995: Timothée Chalamet, American actor.
• 1996: Cedric Itten, Swiss footballer.
• 1997: Ana Konjuh, Croatian tennis player.
• 1998: Briar Nolet, Canadian actress and dancer.
• 2005: Kristina Pimenova, Russian model.

Deaths

• 1065: Fernando I, king of Leon and count of Castile (n. v. 1016).
• 1585: Pierre de Ronsard, French poet (n. 1524).
• 1663: Cristina de Francia, duchess saboyana (n. 1606).
• 1795: Eugenio Espejo, Ecuadorian independentist leader (n. 1747).
• 1836: Stephen Austin, American politician (n. 1793).
• 1873: Edward Blyth, British zoologist and chemist (n. 1810).
• 1895: Pedro Gamboni, Chilean chemical and industrial engineer (n. 1825).
• 1899: Dorothy Dene, an artist and British theatre actress (n. 1859).
• 1906: Bernardo de Irigoyen, Argentine politician (n. 1822).
• 1914: Charles Martin Hall, American inventor and engineer (n. 1863).
• 1921: Daniel Zuloaga, Spanish painter and writer (n. 1852).
• 1923: Lluís Domènech i Montaner, Spanish architect (n. 1850).
• 1923: Gustave Eiffel, French architect (n. 1832).
• 1931: José Figueroa Alcorta, an Argentine politician (n. 1860).
• 1936: Hans von Seeckt, German military and political (n. 1866).
• 1938: Osip Mandelstam, Russian poet (n. 1891).
• 1941: Eduardo Hay, engineer, military and political Mexican (n. 1877).
• 1942: William G. Morgan, American educator and inventor of volleyball (n. 1870).
• 1946: Pedro Mata, Spanish novelist (n. 1875).
• 1950: Max Beckmann, German painter (n. 1884).
• 1952: Henri Winkelman, Dutch military (n. 1876).
• 1953: Romualdo Galdós, religious, publicist and Spanish writer (n. 1885).
• 1959: Alfonso Reyes Ochoa, Mexican writer (n. 1889).
• 1962: Serge Raynaud de la Ferrière, French writer and astrologer (n. 1916).
• 1965: Edgar Ende, German painter (n. 1901).
• 1971: Gonzalo Rodríguez Lafora, neurologist and Spanish psychiatrist (n. 1886).
• 1972: Lester Bowles Pearson, Canadian politician and diplomat, Nobel Peace Prize in 1957 (n. 1897).
• 1974: Margarito Ledesma, Mexican politician (n. 1887).
• 1978: Houari Boumedienne, Algerian politician and military (n. 1932).
• 1981: Hoagy Carmichael, American composer (n. 1899).
• 1982: Jack Swigert, American astronaut (n. 1931).
• 1985: Harry Hopman, Australian tennis player (n. 1906).
• 1986: André Cailleux, French writer (n. 1907).
• 1988: Alberto J. Armando, Argentine sports leader (n. 1910).
• 1988: Hal Ashby, American filmmaker (n. 1929).
• 1989: Rodney Arismendi, Uruguayan communist leader (n. 1913).
• 1996: Cristina Lemercier, actress and host of Argentine TV (n. 1951).
• 1997: Brendan Gill, journalist, film critic, theater and American architecture (n. 1914).
• 1998: Ricardo Tormo, Spanish motorcyclist (n. 1952).
• 1999: Pierre Clémenti, French actor (n. 1942).
• 2002: María Luisa Zea, Mexican actress (n. 1913).
• 2002: George Roy Hill, American filmmaker (n. 1921).
• 2003: Alan Bates, British actor (n. 1934).
• 2003: Enric Bernat, Spanish entrepreneur, founder of Chupa Chups (n. 1923).
• 2003: Juan García Ponce, Mexican writer (n. 1932).
• 2005: Lourdes Iriondo Mujika, Spanish singer and writer in Basque (n. 1937).
• 2007: Benazir Bhutto, politician and first Pakistani minister, murdered (n. 1953).

Carrie Fisher

• 2007: Jaan Kross, Estonian writer (n. 1920).
• 2010: Sabin Intxaurraga, Spanish politician (n. 1949).
• 2010: Luis Mariñas, journalist and presenter of Spanish television (n. 1947).
• 2011: Helen Frankenthaler, American painter (n. 1928).
• 2011: Caté, Brazilian footballer (n. 1973).
• 2012: Zuleika Alambert, a feminist writer and Brazilian communist politics (n. 1922).
• 2012: Harry Carey Jr., American actor (n. 1921).
• 2015: Alfredo Alberto Pacheco, Salvadoran footballer (n. 1982).
• 2016: Carrie Fisher, American actress (n. 1956).

Celebrations

• International Epidemic Preparation Day
• North KoreaNorth Korea: Constitutional Day.
• Russia Russia: Day of emergency rescuers.^{[chuckles]required]}

Catholic saints list

• St. John(s. I).
• Saint Fabiola of Rome, widow (399).
• Saints Theodore and Theophanes of Apamea, monks (841).
• beato Alfredo Part, priest and martyr (1936).
• beato José María Corbín Ferrer, martyr (1936).