December 12th

December 12 is the 346th (three hundred and forty-sixth) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar and the 347th in leap years. There are 19 days left to end the year.

Events

• 627: near Mosul (Irak), the Byzantine army of Heraclio defeats in the Battle of Nineveh the forces of the Persian Shah Cosroes II, commanded by Rhahzadh, thus ending the Roman-Sasanid Wars.
• 914: In Leon (now Spain), Ordoño II is acclaimed sovereign by the chief magnates, bishops, abbots and counts of Leo, gathered in general assembly, anointed by 12 bishops and crowned.
• 1098: in Maarat an-Numan (Syria), in the course of the First Crusade, after two weeks of siege, the inhabitants come to an agreement with the Crusaders, not to offer more resistance and deliver the city. (Matanza de Maarat).
• 1408: The Council of Perpignan declares the legitimacy of Pope Benedict XIII of Avignon.
• 1408: the Segismund emperor of Luxembourg, then king of Hungary creates the Order of the Dragon.
• 1531: in the hill of Tepeyac (in Mexico City), the indigenous Juan Diego affirms that the Virgin of Guadalupe has appeared to her for the fourth and last time, and that she left her image recorded in the tilma (manta).
• 1543: in Mexico the revolt of the Mexican encomenders explodes.
• 1575: in the state of Guanajuato (Mexico), the viceroy Martin Enríquez de Almansa creates the edict that orders the foundation of a city, which will be Leon.
• 1584: In Spain, writer Miguel de Cervantes married Catalina de Palacios.
• 1779: In the bay of Honduras, the Action of December 12, 1779 takes place a naval confrontation between a British Royal Navy vessel and a Spanish corsair.
• 1779: In Porto (Portugal), Bishop Fray Juan Rafael de Mendonça consecrates the Church of the Clérigos.
• 1781: In the framework of the U.S. War of Independence, a squadron of 13 British Royal Navy ships in command of Admiral Richard Kempenfelt defeated a 19-ship French fleet in the Second Battle of Ushant.
• 1793: In France, the Republicans defeated the monarchists in the battle of Le Mans.
• 1794: In Mexico, Dominican friar Servando Teresa de Mier pronounces a sermon in which he states that for many centuries the Aztecs worshiped images of the Virgin of Guadalupe along with Quetzalcoatl. Considered heretic, he is arrested and sentenced to ten years of exile in Spain.
• 1804: Spain declares war on England for the treaties of Saint Ildefonso and Aranjuez with France.
• 1812: The last surviving French invaders leave Russia.
• 1834: In the framework of the First Carlist War the battle of Mendaza is waged. The Israeli general Fernandez de Córdova beat Zumalacárregui.
• 1840: in Valencia, Spain, Queen Maria Cristina resigns from the regency.
• 1846: the Mallarino-Bidlack Treaty between the Republic of New Grenada and the United States is signed.
• 1863: In Chile, the first radical assembly of Copiapó is organized by Pedro León Gallo.
• 1886: In Ecuador, the foundation stones of the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception of Cuenca are consecrated.
• 1898: In Bolivia, the Federal Revolution was launched by Colonel José Manuel Pando.
• 1900: Max Planck exposes his quantum theory, the basis of modern physics.
• 1901: Guiglielmo Marconi gets the first transatlantic radio communication between Cornwall and San Juan de Newfoundland.
• 1903: In Spain, Congress approves the bill establishing Sunday rest.
• 1904: In Sweden, the playwright José de Echegaray gets the first Nobel Prize in Literature awarded to a Spanish.
• 1907: Uruguay founded the Naval School of the National Navy.
• 1911: In India, King George V of the United Kingdom founded the city of New Delhi.
• 1915: in Berlin, Germany, Hugo Junkers presents the first fully metallic plane.
• 1918: In Chile, aviator Dagoberto Godoy made the crossing of the Andes mountain range for the first time.
• 1924: In Spain, Juan de la Cierva's autogiro performs his first tests, on a journey from Cuatro Vientos to Getafe.
• 1930: in Spain the Uprising of Jaca, military pronouncement against the Monarchy of Alfonso XIII takes place.
• 1932: in the municipality of Mexicali (Baja California, Mexico) the first and only known snowfall happens.
• 1944: In the context of World War II, the German city of Essen is bombarded by a total of 463 fatalities.
• 1947: in Panama the Federation of Students of Panama (FEP), demonstrated its commitment to national sovereignty by opposing the Philosopher-Hines treaty, which allowed the permanent occupation of United States military bases outside the former Canal Zone.
• 1952: The People's Conference for Peace was opened in Vienna.
• 1953: In Brazil the city Ribeirão das Neves is founded.
• 1956: in New York, the United Nations Security Council adopts Resolution 121 on Japan
• 1957: In Chile a team was founded called Club de Deportes Aviación.
• 1960: In Ecuador, RTS was founded, the first television channel in that country.
• 1962: in a well 245 meters underground, in the U3bu area of the Nevada atomic testing site (about 100 km northwest of the city of Las Vegas), at 9:25 (local time) United States detonates its Madison atomic bomb, of less than 20 kt. At 10:45, 232 meters underground and 22 km southeast of the previous one, detonates its 11 kt Numbat bomb. It is the 302 and 303 of the 1131 bombs that the United States detonated between 1945 and 1992.
• 1963: Kenya is independent of the British Empire.
• 1963: in a well 130 meters underground, in the U3gq area of the Nevada atomic testing site (about 100 km northwest of the city of Las Vegas), at 7:00 (local time) United States detonates its Bay Leaf atomic bomb, less than 20 kt. Ten minutes later, it simultaneously detonates six atomic bombs, also underground and a few kilometres away from one another: Tyg 1 to 6, from 1 to 20 kt each. Ten minutes later (at 7:20) detonates your 1 kt Scissors pump. It is the bombs number 596 to 603 of the 1131 that the United States detonated between 1945 and 1992.
• 1967: In Venezuela, the Caracas Football Club was founded.
• 1968: In Tokyo, Japan, Argentine boxer Nicolino Locche is the champion of the AMB world when he beats Japanese Paul Fuji for abandoning the venue after the ninth round.
• 1969: In Western Sahara, the Harakat Tahrir (in Spanish Saharawi National Liberation Movement), headed by Mohamed Sidi Brahim Basir, is officially constituted.
• 1972: in a well at 271 meters underground, in the U3gi area of the Nevada atomic testing site (about 100 km northwest of the city of Las Vegas), at 8:30 (local time) United States detonates its tuloso atomic bomb of 0.2 kt. It is the 780 bomb of 1131 that the United States detonated between 1945 and 1992.
• 1973: in a well 278 meters underground, in the U3ji area of the Nevada atomic testing site (about 100 km northwest of the city of Las Vegas), at 11:00 (local time) United States detonates its 5 kt Pajara atomic bomb. It is the 808 bomb of 1131 that the United States detonated between 1945 and 1992.
• 1974: Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein arrives in Córdoba, Spain, where he would end his official visit to Spain with a prayer at the Mirhab of the Mezquita-Cathedral of Córdoba.
• 1975: in Spain, Carlos Arias Navarro is appointed president of the Government.
• 1979: In Colombia, the second largest earthquake in its history occurred in the 20th century, which reached a magnitude of 8.1 and caused a 5-metre wave tsunami that killed 259 people on the Colombian Pacific coast.
• 1979: In South Korea there is a coup led by Lieutenant General Chun Doo-hwan.
• 1981: in El Salvador—in the framework of the "Operation Rescue" against the FMLN—the third and last day of the Massacre of El Mozote is happening: the Armed Forces tortures and executes 900 civilian peasants (men, women and children). It is considered the worst massacre in the Western Hemisphere, in modern times. His political leader, dictator José Napoleón Duarte (1925-1990), will never be judged.
• 1981: In Poland, General Jaruzelski is leading a military coup.
• 1984: in Mauritania, Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya defeats Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla.
• 1995: Gonzalo Mayor Crespo is appointed a numbering academic of the Tello Téllez de Meneses Institution.
• 1997: The first Teletón charity event is held in Mexico with the goal of raising 80 million MXN, overcoming the target with 138 million.
• 2000: In Nicaragua, the police arrested the ex-regent of Mexico City, Óscar Espinosa Villarreal, accused of several crimes.
• 2004: In Nayarit, Mexico, a tragic car accident occurs where several pilgrims lose their lives. [1]
• 2015: An attack on the Spanish embassy took place in Kabul, Afghanistan.
• 2015: In Saudi Arabia women can vote and be candidates for the first time.
• 2015: France approves a historic global agreement against climate change to curb the greenhouse effect.
• 2018: the video game Brawl Stars is launched globally
• 2021: the Basilica of Guadalupe is reopened for the visit of pilgrims celebrating the 490th anniversary of the miracle of Tepeyac being that in 2020 it was closed by the COVID-19 pandemic.
• 2021: After 70 years of drought, the Atlas football team breaks the worst drought without being champions of Mexican football and one of the worst in world football, crowning champion of Grita Mexico 2021, before the Lion Club in criminals.
• 2021: Formula 1 Max Verstappen is proclaimed world champion after a great season and a rivalry with Lewis Hamilton until the last race of the season
• 2022: In Mexico they begin preparations for the celebration of the fifth centenary of the appearance of the virgin of Guadalupe in which the participation of the Pope is planned

Births

• 1298: Alberto II, Austrian aristocrat (f. 1358).
• 1418: Alberto VI, Austrian aristocrat (f. 1463).
• 1526: Alvaro de Bazán, Spanish admiral (f. 1588).
• 1685: Lodovico Giustini, Italian Composer and Techlist (f. 1743).
• 1712: Carlos Alejandro de Lorena, Austrian general (f. 1780).
• 1731: Erasmus Darwin, British physicist (f. 1802).
• 1745: John Jay, American politician and jurist (f. 1829).
• 1779: Magdalena Sofia Barat, French religious (f. 1865).
• 1791: María Luisa of Austria, Austrian aristocrat (f. 1847), wife of Napoleon I.
• 1799: Karl Briulov, Russian painter (f. 1852).
• 1814: Juan Prim and Prats, Spanish military and political (f. 1870).
• 1816: José María Cabral y Luna, General and Dominican President (f. 1899).
• 1820: Carolina Coronado, Spanish poet (f. 1911).
• 1821: Gustave Flaubert, French novelist (f. 1880).
• 1834: Ignacio Altamirano, Mexican writer (f. 1893).
• 1856: Francisco G. Sada, a Mexican businessman and industrialist (f. 1945).
• 1859: Sinesio Delgado, a Spanish writer (f. 1928).
• 1862: J. Bruce Ismay, British businessman (f. 1937).
• 1863: Edvard Munch, Norwegian painter (f. 1944).
• 1866: Alfred Werner, Swiss chemist, nobel chemistry award in 1913 (f. 1919).
• 1875: Gerd von Rundstedt, German military (f. 1953).
• 1884: Ernesto De Fiori, Italian sculptor (f. 1945).
• 1893: Edward G. Robinson, an American actor of Romanian origin (f. 1973).
• 1897: Magdalena Aulina, a Spanish religious (f. 1956).
• 1898: Humberto Zarrilli, Uruguayan poet and pedagogue (f. 1964).
• 1900: Mária Telkes, Hungarian-American pioneer scientist and inventor who worked on solar energy technologies (d. 1995)
• 1902: Antonio José Martínez Palacios, Spanish composer (f. 1936).
• 1903: Yasujirō Ozu, Japanese filmmaker (f. 1963).
• 1904: Johannes Iversen, a Danish biologist (f. 1972).
• 1905: Angel Garasa, Spanish actor (f. 1976).
• 1905: Guty Cárdenas, Mexican singer (f. 1932).
• 1906: Ludwig Suthaus, German tenor (f. 1971).
• 1906: Pamela Wedekind, German actress, singer and translator (f. 1986).
• 1908: Luis Escobar, Spanish actor and director (f. 1991).
• 1909: Karen Morley, American actress (f. 2003).
• 1912: Camilo Da Passano, Argentine actor (f. 1983).
• 1914: Patrick O'Brian, British novelist and translator (f. 2000).
• 1915: Frank Sinatra, American singer and actor (f. 1998).
• 1915: Carlos Humberto Perette, Argentine politician (f. 1992).
• 1916: Damián Yáñez Neira, a Spanish religious writer (f. 2015).
• 1918: Oleg Gazenko, Russian scientist (f. 2007).
• 1918: Stephen Pace, American painter (f. 2010).
• 1918: Joe Williams, American singer (f. 1999).
• 1919: Fritz Muliar, Austrian actor (f. 2009).
• 1920: Heleno de Freitas, Brazilian footballer (f. 1959).

Bob Barker.

• 1923: Bob Barker, American TV presenter.
• 1924: Ed Koch, American politician, mayor of New York (f. 2013).
• 1925: Ahmad Shamlou, Iranian poet (f. 2000).
• 1927: Robert Noyce, American inventor (f. 1990).
• 1928: Helen Frankenthaler, American painter (f. 2011).
• 1928: Manuel Felguérez, Mexican painter and sculptor (f. 2020).
• 1928: Eutiquio Leal, a Colombian writer (f. 1997).
• 1928: Andrés Rivera, Argentine writer and journalist (f. 2016).
• 1929: Toshiko Akiyoshi, Japanese jazz composer.
• 1929: Antunes Filho, director of Brazilian theatre (f. 2019).
• 1929: John Osborne, playwright and British actor (f. 1994).
• 1932: Martín Adjemián, an Argentine actor (f. 2006).
• 1932: Bob Pettit, American basketball player.
• 1933: Jorge Olavarría, politician, historian and Venezuelan journalist (f. 2005).
• 1933: Manu Dibango, singer, composer and Cameroonian jazz musician (f. 2020).
• 1934: Miguel de la Madrid, Mexican president between 1982 and 1988 (f. 2012).
• 1934: Ramón Marsal, Spanish footballer (f. 2007).
• 1938: Connie Francis, American singer.
• 1938: Lucio Cabañas, a Mexican rural teacher (f. 1974).
• 1939: Hugo Santiago Muchnik, Argentine filmmaker
• 1940: Dionne Warwick, American soul and pop singer.
• 1940: José G. Moreno de Alba, Mexican linguist (f. 2013).
• 1942: Migueli, Spanish footballer (f. 2002).
• 1943: Dickey Betts, American musician, from Allman Brothers Band.
• 1943: Grover Washington, Jr., American jazz saxophoneist (f. 1999)
• 1944: Diana Bracho, Mexican actress.
• 1944: Rob Tyner, American singer and musician (f. 1991), from the MC5 band.
• 1945: Portia Simpson-Miller, Jamaican politics.
• 1946: Emerson Fittipaldi, Brazilian motor racing driver.
• 1946: Renzo Zorzi pilot of Formula 1 Italian (f. 2015).
• 1948: Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, Portuguese politician.
• 1948: Francisco Michavila, Spanish university rector.
• 1948: Juan Peláez, Mexican actor (f. 2013).
• 1948: Tom Wilkinson, British actor.
• 1949: Marc Ravalomanana, Malagasy politician, president of Madagascar between 2002 and 2009.
• 1949: Bill Nighy, British actor.
• 1950: Eric Maskin, U.S. economist, Nobel Prize in Economics in 2007.
• 1952: Manuel Rosales, Venezuelan politician.
• 1953: Bruce Kulick, American guitarist, Kiss band.
• 1955: Azuzena Martín-Dorado Calvo, Spanish singer.
• 1956: Johan Van der Velde, Dutch cyclist.
• 1956: Luis Xavier, Mexican actor.
• 1958: Sheree J. Wilson, American actress.
• 1960: Manuel Bandera, Spanish actor.
• 1960: Gabriel Corrado, Argentine actor.
• 1961: Alberto Fernández Díaz, Spanish lawyer and politician, president of the PPC at Barcelona City Hall.
• 1962: Tracy Austin, American tennis player.
• 1963: Juan Carlos Varela, engineer, businessman and Panamanian politician, president of Panama between 2014 and 2019.
• 1964: Terry Brunk, American professional fighter.
• 1965: José Corbacho, Spanish actor.
• 1966: Royce Gracie, Brazilian wrestler of mixed martial arts.
• 1966: Pops Fernández, actress, singer and Filipino composer.
• 1968: Tatiana, Mexican television singer and driver.
• 1970: Mädchen Amick, American actress.
• 1970: Jennifer Connelly, American actress.
• 1970: Regina Hall, American actress.
• 1970: Wilson Kipketer, Kenyan-danese athlete.
• 1972: Hank Williams III, American musician.
• 1973: William Hutton, British geologist and paleontologist.
• 1974: Nolberto Solano, Peruvian footballer.
• 1975: Mayim Bialik, American actress.
• 1975: Craig Moore, Australian footballer.
• 1976: Dan Hawkins, British guitarist, The Darkness band.
• 1976: Fernando Mon, Spanish guitarist, of the bands Warcry and Sauze.
• 1977: Erica, Nicole and Jaclyn Dahm, American models.
• 1977: Diana Palazón, Spanish actress.
• 1977: Tomás Yankelevich, director and producer of Argentine television.
• 1981: Andrew Whitworth, American football player.
• 1982: Ervin Santana, Dominican baseball player.
• 1982: Alejandro Kurz, Argentine singer.
• 1982: Dmitri Tursúnov, Russian tennis player.
• 1984: Daniel Agger, Danish footballer.
• 1984: Jessica Landström, Swedish footballer.
• 1986: Reykon, Colombian regatta singer.
• 1986: Sam Cronin, American footballer.
• 1990: Victor Moses, Nigerian footballer.
• 1990: Tyron Smith, American football player.
• 1990: Wilson Way, Colombian rap singer, reggaton and r fakeb
• 1991: Jaime Lorente, Spanish actor.
• 1992: Douwe Bob, Dutch singer.
• 1996: Miguel Bernardeau, Spanish actor.
• 2000: Lucas Jade Zumann, American private actor and pilot.

Deaths

• 884: Charleman II, French king (n. 867).
• 894: Guido III of Spoleto, Italian king between 889 and 894, and caroling emperor between 891 and 894 (n. 855).
• 1213: Saint John of Mata, French priest (n. 1150).
• 1574: Selim II, Ottoman sultan (n. 1524).
• 1600: Luis de Molina, Jesuit theologian (n. 1535).
• 1603: Alexandre de Aguiar, musician, camera singer and Spanish poet in the court of Felipe II.^{[chuckles]required]}
• 1766: Johann Christoph Gottsched, German writer (n. 1700).
• 1777: Albrecht von Haller physician, anatomist, Swiss poet and naturist (n. 1708).
• 1859: Robert Stephenson, British engineer (n. 1803).
• 1877: José de Alencar, Brazilian writer, journalist and politician (n. 1829).
• 1889: Robert Browning, British poet (n. 1812).
• 1897: John Sparrow David Thompson, politician and Canadian prime minister (n. 1845).
• 1921: Henrietta Swan Leavitt, American astronoma (n. 1868).
• 1937: Alfred Abel, German actor (n. 1879).
• 1939: Douglas Fairbanks, American actor (n. 1883).
• 1941: Leopoldo Ruiz y Flores, Mexican bishop (n. 1865).
• 1942: Amparo López Jean, galleguist and Spanish suffrageist (n. 1885).
• 1951: Mildred Bailey, American jazz singer (n. 1907).
• 1957: Robert Kurka, American composer (n. 1921).
• 1958: Slobodan Iovanovich, Yugoslav politician (n. 1869).
• 1963: Theodor Heuss, a German politician (n. 1884).
• 1963: Yasujirō Ozu, Japanese filmmaker (n. 1903).
• 1967: Dionís Bennàssar, a Mallorcan painter (n. 1904).
• 1968: Tallulah Bankhead, American actress (n. 1902).
• 1968: Antonio Cifariello, Italian actor and documentaryist (n. 1930).
• 1973: Atilio García, Uruguayan footballer (n. 1914).
• 1976: Jack Cassidy, American actor (n. 1927).
• 1976: Francesco Merli, Italian tenor (n. 1887).
• 1978: Fay Compton, British actress (n. 1894).
• 1983: Alfonso Grosso Sánchez, Spanish painter (n. 1893).
• 1985: Ian Stewart, British key player, of the band The Rolling Stones (n. 1938).
• 1989: Carlos Barral, Spanish poet, editor and politician (n. 1928).
• 1989: Enrique Sobisch (59), Argentine painter and painter (n. 1929).
• 1990: Concha Piquer, Spanish singer (n. 1906).
• 1994: Stuart Roosa, American astronaut (n. 1933).
• 1995: Angel Crespo, writer, translator and Spanish teacher (n. 1926).
• 1997: Yevgeniy Landis, Soviet mathematician (n. 1921).
• 1998: Marco Denevi, Argentine writer and writer (n. 1922).
• 1999: Joseph Heller, American writer (n. 1923).
• 1999: Ignacio Quirós, a Spanish-Argentine actor (n. 1931).
• 2000: Libertad Lamarque, Argentinean actress and singer (n. 1908).
• 2001: Josef Bican, Austrian footballer (n. 1913).
• 2002: Brad Dexter, American actor (n. 1917).
• 2003: Heydar Aliyev, Azerbaijani politician, President of Azaerbiyan between 1993 and 2003 (n. 1923).
• 2005: Jon Cortina, Jesuit priest and Spanish engineer (n. 1934).
• 2005: David Pritchard, British writer (n. 1919).
• 2006: Paul Arizin, American basketball player (n. 1928).
• 2006: Peter Boyle, American actor (n. 1935).
• 2006: Yuki Nambá, an Argentine actress (n. 1923).
• 2007: Josep Guinovart, Spanish plastic artist (n. 1927).
• 2007: François al-Hajj, Lebanese General (f. 1953).
• 2007: Alberto Locati, Argentine actor (n. 1939).
• 2007: Ike Turner, American musician, ex-wife of Tina Turner (n. 1931).
• 2008: Amalia Solórzano, first lady of Mexico from 1934 to 1940 (n. 1911).
• 2008: Van Johnson, American actor (n. 1916).
• 2008: Tassos Papadopoulos, politician and Cypriot president between 2003 and 2008 (n. 1934).
• 2010: Manuel Caballero, writer, historian, journalist and Venezuelan professor (n. 1931).
• 2010: Fernando Urdiales, director of theatre, playwright and Spanish doctor (n. 1951).
• 2011: Alberto de Mendoza, Argentine actor (n. 1923).
• 2011: Mălina Olinescu, Romanian singer (n. 1974).
• 2012: Ricardo Passano, Argentine actor (n. 1922).
• 2016: Javier Echevarría Rodríguez, Spanish Catholic bishop (n. 1932).
• 2017: Aharon Yehuda Leib Shteinman, an ultra-orthodox Israeli Rabbi (n. 1913).
• 2019: Danny Aiello, American actor (n. 1933).
• 2020: John le Carré, a British novelist specializing in suspense and espionage (n. 1931).
• 2020: Charley Pride, American country singer (n. 1934).
• 2020: Jack Steinberger, German-American physicist, nobel physics award in 1988 (n. 1921).
• 2021: Vicente Fernández, Mexican actor and singer (n. 1940).
• 2022:
  • Mirosław Hermaszewski, a Polish military and cosmonaut (n. 1941).
  • Octavio Rivero Serrano, Mexican doctor, rector of UNAM between 1981 and 1984 (n. 1929).

Celebrations

• International Day of the Universal Health Coverage
• International Day of Neutrality
• Fiesta de Masá'il
• CroatiaCroatia: Croatian Air Force Day
• Mexico Mexico: Day of the Virgin of Guadalupe
• NicaraguaNicaragua: Traditional Dance of "Los Mantudos" in honor of Our Lady of Guadalupe in León.
• JapanJapan: Kanji Day
• KenyaKenya: Jamhuri Day
• Russia Russia: Constitutional Day
• Turkmenistan: Day of neutrality
• Ukraine Ukraine: Day of land forces

Catholic saints list

• Virgin of Guadalupe
• Saints Epimachio and Alexander, Amonarion, Mercury and Dionysia of Alexandria, martyrs (250).
• St. Spicy of Cyprus, Bishop (c. 348).
• San Finiano de Clonard, abad (549).
• St. Corentino of Quimper, bishop (s. VII/VIII).
• St. Israel of Le Dorat, priest and canon (1014).
• Saint Vincent of Oldenburg, Bishop (1154).
• Beato Bertolo Buonpedoni, priest (1300).
• Beato Conrado de Ofida, priest (1306).
• Blessed Jacobo Capocci, Bishop (1308).
• Saint Simon Phan Dác Hòa, martyr (1840).
• Blessed Pius Bartosik, priest and martyr (1941).