Cytosine
Cytosine is one of the four nitrogenous bases that form part of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and in the genetic code it is represented by the letter C. The other four bases are adenine, guanine, thymine and uracil. It belongs to the family of nitrogenous bases known as pyrimidines, which have a single ring. In DNA and RNA, cytosine pairs with guanine through three hydrogen bonds. It forms the nucleosides cytidine (Cyd) and deoxycytidine (dCyd), and the nucleotides cytidylate (CMP) and deoxycytidylate (dCMP).
It is a pyrimidine derivative, with an aromatic ring and an amino group in position 4 and a ketone group in position 2. The other names for cytosine are 2-oxy-4-aminopyrimidine and 4-amino-2(1H)-pyrimidinone. Its chemical formula is C4H5N3O and its molecular mass is 111.10 u. Cytokine was discovered in 1894 when it was isolated from sheep thymus tissue.
History
Cytokine was discovered by Albrecht Kossel in 1894 when it was hydrolyzed from calf thymus tissues. Its structure was proposed in 1903 and synthesized (and thus confirmed) in the laboratory the same year.
Cytosine was recently used in quantum computing. The first time that any quantum mechanical property was exploited to process information was carried out on August 1, 1998 when Oxford researchers implemented David Deutsch's algorithm in a two-qubit nuclear magnetic resonance quantum computer., or NMRQC) based on cytokine.