Cuauhtemoc (Mexico City)

The National Palace, located in the Historic Center of Mexico City.

Cuauhtémoc is one of the 16 territorial demarcations into which Mexico City is divided. It borders to the north with the territorial demarcations of Azcapotzalco and Gustavo A. Madero, to the south with Iztacalco and Benito Juárez, to the west with Miguel Hidalgo and to the east with Venustiano Carranza. Its name is a recognition of the Mexica tlatoani Cuauhtémoc, who fought in the battle of Mexico-Tenochtitlan. This demarcation covers a total of 34 colonies.

Cuauhtémoc City Hall is the heart of Mexico City, and its Historic Center is located there. The constructions found in the colony are of great antiquity, with a life time of up to 500 years or more; There are clear examples of neighborhoods, although many of these are no longer inhabited.

The head of the mayor's office is in the Buenavista neighborhood. The surface of the mayor's office is 32.44 square km, which represents 2.1% of the total area of Mexico City. The population amounts to 521,348 inhabitants. Since October 1, 2021, the mayoress is Sandra Cuevas.

The terrain of the alcaldía is mostly flat, with a slight slope to the southwest of the alcaldía and an average altitude of 2230 m s. no. m.. The land is delimited by two piped rivers: the rivers of La Piedad and Consulado, today part of the Interior Circuit.

Around 5 million people pass through the Cuauhtémoc mayor's office (floating population) and also makes it the fourth demarcation, and the fifth nationally, with the highest human development index in Mexico due to the quality of its services, the intense commercial activity carried out in the area and its high purchasing and real estate nature in some of its neighborhoods near the Historic Center and the financial area of Paseo de la Reforma.

Colonies

It consists of 33 colonies:

Culture

This town hall takes its name from the last Mexica tlatoani, who reorganized the army and the people against the attack of the conquerors. Cuauhtémoc is a Nahuatl name from the words cuauhtli, "eagle", and témoc, "that goes down" or "that falls", as a way of alluding to the sun (the eagle) at sunset.

On December 29, 1970, the Organic Law of the Department of the Federal District divided its territory into 16 delegations, one of which was Cuauhtémoc, considered the heart of Mexico City.

Since then, the Cuauhtémoc mayor's office, considered the heart of Mexico City, has been a very complex political body; In its streets, nostalgia for the pre-Hispanic world, the classic viceregal world and modern buildings are mixed, as a symbol of a new balance, which have given it the title of riches that build new ways of relating to commerce and business. Commercial activities, public and private, cultural, and social institutions have made it possible for it to be the seventh largest economy in the country, since it contributes 4.6% of the Net Gross Domestic Product, concentrates 36% of the equipment and 40% of the cultural infrastructure of the City. from Mexico.

Demographics

Population

• Total population: 814 983 (1980), 595 960 (1990), 516 255 (2000), 531 831 (2010), 545 884 (2020)
• Births (2010): 10 211.
• Deaths (2010): 4437.
• Economically active population: 237 117.^{[chuckles]required]}
• Private housing 173 804.
• Margination in 2000: Very low.
• Number of apples: 2,627

Cologne Population Total 2000 Population Total 2010 Algarín 5022 5556 Asturias 4828 4364 Extension Asturias 6050 5708 Atlampa 10 414 14 433 Buenavista 14 911 15 605 Buenos Aires 5000 5772 Centre 66 713 61 229 Countess 9508 8453 Cuauhtémoc 10 387 11 399 Doctors 37 310 44 703 Hope 2621 4072 Ex Hippodrome de Peralvillo 11 182 11 711 Felipe Pescador 1309 1988 Guerrero 40 093 42 339 Hippodrome 13 248 13 572 Condessa Hippodrome 3573 3204 Juárez 9499 10 184 Maza 2570 2503 Morelos 35 607 36 590 Workers 36 750 35 224 Paulino Navarro 5793 5307 Peralvillo 20 213 20 213 Tabacalera 3864 3267 North 26 610 27 770 South Rome 17 406 17 435 San Rafael 17 899 19 684 San Simón Tolnáhuac 8735 9885 Santa Maria Insurgentes 1531 1480 Santa Maria La Ribera 39 539 40 960 Transit 8503 9720 Nonoalco-Tlatelolco Unit 30 088 27 843 Valle Gómez 5198 6281

Colonias de la alcaldía Cuauhtémoc

According to the "General Population and Housing Census" carried out in 2010 by the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI), the Cuauhtémoc Mayor's Office had a total population of 531,831 inhabitants up to that year. Of these, 251,725 were men and 280,106 were women.

Poverty indicators

The results of the National Council for the Evaluation of Social Development Policy (Coneval), corresponding to the year 2010, show the following data:

• Unworthy 0.19 %, 1038 people.
• Poor extremes 1.8 %, 7669 people.
• Poor moderates 25.6 percent, 110 206 people.
• Vulnerable per income 5.7 %, 24 505 people.
• Vulnerable for social deprivation 34.8 %, 149 736 people.
• Non-poor and non-vulnerable population 32.1 %, 138 273 people.

Main markets

Paseo de la Reforma, financial center of the city council Cuauhtémoc.

• San Juan Pugibet Market, located on Ernesto Pugibet Street No. 21, in the Centre colony, specialized in meats and exotic products.

In part of what used to be accessories and warehouses of the El Buen Tono Tobacco Factory, this unique market was built. Because of the products it sells, the dealers they serve, and the buyers who circulate among its stalls, everything makes it a site with its own language. Until the middle of the XX century, the population close to the neighborhood, and then the one outside, led the vendors to satisfy their customers with products that are difficult to find in other markets: fermented cheeses with an intense smell; milk kid, suckling pig, rabbit or ram meat; pre-Hispanic flavors, such as armadillo, tepezcuintle, crocodile, escamoles, grasshoppers, maguey worms or wild boar; birds: chicken, turkey, partridge, duck, goose or pigeon. Gradually the fame of its delicacy gained preferences: in its corridors there are all kinds of people with lists of rare products in hand, as well as gourmets, chefs and foreigners who aspire to find the distant flavor. Some managers can explain the nuances that differentiate the red snapper from the esmedregal; to narrate stories of octopus, lobster or barnacle fishermen; to draw the path of the white radish or the chrysanthemum leaf, or to dictate their most precious recipes. ^{[citation required]}

Hours: Monday to Sunday from 7 a.m. to 5 p.m.

• Lagunilla Zona, located in the avenues Rayón and Comonfort, in the Centro Colony, has 574 locals. It was opened on 14 October 1957.

Specific furniture or details for the house are sold in it, in all styles: rustic-looking dining rooms, coffee tables and designer bookcases (or imitations of famous designers), stained glass or lava lamps and chandeliers with old look.

Hours: Monday to Sunday from 11 a.m. to 7 p.m.

• San Cosme Market, located in the avenue Ribera de San Cosme in the San Rafael Colony, has 533 premises. It was opened on 8 March 1963.

• Tepito Zona, located in the avenues Toltecas and Matamoros in the colony Morelos, has 497 locals. It was opened on 14 October 1957. It is the largest street market in Mexico City. It is a long chain of posts—also known as tianguis—, placed on the street, around the fixed markets: there it is from a nail to clothing, electrical appliances, any kind of celluloid, jewelry, etc. It is a kilometric market in which, among the second-hand products, original goods are found. It is advisable to visit it by day.

• Hidalgo Zona, located in the avenues Dr. Arce and Dr. Andrade, in the Doctors colony, has 974 premises. It was opened on 3 February 1958.

• San Juan Arcos de Bethlehem, located in Avenue Arcos de Bethlehem and López in the Center colony. It has 383 premises and was inaugurated on 24 June 1954.

• The Merced Mixcalco, located in Mixcalco and Ring of Circumvalation, in the Centro Colony, has 921 premises. It was opened on 23 September 1957. In this market you will find mostly sportswear, uniforms and leather jackets, but there are also clothing in general for men, women and children, first communion and baptismal dresses, as well as hats and shoes. Opening hours: Monday to Sunday from 9:30 to 18 hours.

• Mercado Martínez de la Torre, in Axis 1 North and Soto Street, in the Guerrero colony, inaugurated by Benito Juárez on May 5, 1870. It is worth mentioning that this market was built on land of the licensee Rafael Martínez de la Torre, and it was called Mercado Guerrero; later it was named and formed, so, what is now known as the Guerrero colony.

• Medellin Market, located in the Rome colony, is one of the oldest.

Economy

The mix of links between commercial activities, public, private, cultural and social institutions have made it possible for the Cuauhtémoc mayor's office to be the seventh largest economy in the country, since it contributes 4.6% of the net gross domestic product and concentrates 36% of equipment and 40% of the cultural infrastructure of Mexico City.

Companies in the demarcation

The Cuauhtémoc City Hall has the headquarters of Aeroméxico and the headquarters of HSBC México. Colonia Juárez has the headquarters of Cablemás and Magnicharters.

Main squares, parks and gardens

These areas represent 3% of the territory of the Mayor's Office. There are not enough urban parks that meet the needs of its population, employees and visitors, causing the saturation of existing neighborhood gardens and parks.

There are four urban parks and gardens: Alameda Central, Parque General San Martín (known as Parque México), Parque España and Ramón López Velarde, and Alameda de Santa María la Ribera, considered areas of environmental value; together they make up an area of 6.25 hectares.

The neighborhood public parks and gardens fulfill a social and recreational function, which represents an area of 63.93 hectares.

It is important to point out that many of the squares and important public spaces are located within heritage conservation estates, for which reason intervention and remodeling criteria must take conservation regulations into account.

In general, both the squares and the green areas, parks and gardens are in a good state of conservation.

• Rock and Roll Square. This square began its activities on Saturday, June 2, 2001, with its original headquarters being the Monument to the Revolution; on a schedule from 16:00 to 18:00 h. Every Saturday the people met to go dancing and enjoy with the most renowned rock-nrol groups of old and with those of new creation. The opening day of the square was presented the group "Los CrazyBoys" and from that moment onwards the great figures of this genre Hoolligans and the brothers Carrión, the Louds Jets, the Crazy Kings, babyBatiz, Javier Bátiz, the Stars, the Teen Tops, the Sparks, among others. It has also served as a platform for the projection of new creation groups. The schedule was subsequently extended, from 15:00 to 20:00. The reason for this did not have to do with the users but with the cost of sounding the groups; since the minimum contracts were for 5hrs, although only 1 or 2 h were used. With the refurbishment that took place at the Revolution Monument, the Rock and Roll Square moved to the Cuauhtémoc City Hall, where to date it continues. They usually have live music 1 or 2 times a month, as the groups that have come, for several years, for free.

• Plaza de la Trova. In Mexico City, various forms of "changing" have converged for years, from the Romantic Boleros, to the Rupestre lyric bucolic, passing through the social message of new chanting etc. It is "The trova" as identified to the set of these lyric and musical movements of a poetic and propositive character. The spaces for the promotion and diffusion of this music are tremendously limited for such a large city and with so many local and unsuccessful exponents from outside, for previous and prolific generations and for countless young people who unearth their guitars to thicken the popular singer of Mexico City. Hence the importance of promoting "La Plaza de la Trova" as an official space and without exclusions where to spread the vast work of Mexican composers, in that square it is intended to generate a fixed and constant space where the artifice of the song finds a point not only of diffusion and coexistence with the public and other creators, but also generates its own market for the sale of its record products and contracts.

• Plaza del Danzón, although the Danzón event was born in 1995 (between the end of October and early November), it was until 27 January 1996 when the Plaza de la Ciudadela was opened as the First Plaza del Danzón in the open air in Mexico City. This square, like many at that time, was aimed at being rescued for the use of the community; focusing on this case in particular, on the other objective that was to provide a recreation space for older adults; a population that was relevant and that received attention through programmes of different kinds by the authorities. The celebration of each anniversary has consisted of a Danish exhibition by different groups of both Mexico City and the interior of the Republic. On January 27, 2014, 18 years of age were completed, for the first time, a collective routine was presented; some of the attendees to the citadel were present at one of the afternoon.

Politics

Delegates (1982-2000)

Delegate		Period	Party	Named by
	Carlos Fabre del Rivero	1982-1985			Miguel de la Madrid (as president)
	Enrique Jackson	1985-1988
	Wenceslao Sandoval Arreola	1988
	Ignacio Vázquez Torres	1988-1990			Carlos Salinas de Gortari (as president)
	Guillermo Orozco Loreto	1990-1994
	Jesus Davila Narro	1994-1996			Ernesto Zedillo (as president)
	Alejandro Carrillo Castro	1996-1997
	Carlos Javier Vega Memije	1997
	Jorge Legorreta	1997-2000			Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas (as head of Government)

Delegation heads (2000-2018)

Head of delegation		Period	Party	Election
	Dolores Padierna Luna	2000-2003		2000
	Virginia Jaramillo Flores	2003-2006		2003
	José Luis Muñoz Soria	2006-2009		2006
	Agustín Torres Pérez	2009-2012		2009
	Alejandro Fernández Ramírez	2012-2015		2012
	Ricardo Monreal Ávila	2015-2017		2015
	Rodolfo González Valderrama	2017-2018		-

Mayors (2018-present)

Mayor		Period	Party	Election
	Néstor Núñez López	2018-2021		2018
	Sandra Cuevas	2021-presente		2021

Administration

The organizational structure of the Cuauhtémoc mayor's office is made up as follows:

• Mayor
• Directorate General Legal and Legal Services
• Government Directorate-General
• General Administration
• General Directorate for Development and Welfare
• General Directorate of Urban Services
• General Directorate of Works and Urban Development
• General Directorate of Citizen Security and Civil Protection
• General Directorate of Cultural, Recreational and Educational Rights
• Territorial Directorate Historical Center
• Dirección Territorial Juárez-San Rafael
• Territorial Directorate Workers-Doctors
• Territorial Directorate Rome-Condesa
• Territorial Directorate Santa Maria Tlatelolco
• Territorial Directorate Tepito-Guerrero

Tourism

Map of the most representative tourist sites of the city of Cuauhtémoc

Tourist attractions and places of interest

The most relevant local tourism areas in the mayor's office are seven:

• Garibaldi-Alameda-Bellas Artes
• Rome-Condesa
• Santa Maria la Ribera
• Zona Rosa
• Tlatelolco
• Historic Centre
• Tabacalera
• San Rafael

From them, the following attractions emerge:

• Casa de Alfonso Reyes Museum, also called Alfonsina Chapel, located in avenue Benjamin Hill No. 122, Countess colony. It was inaugurated in 1972, it was established at the initiative of Alicia Reyes, granddaughter of Alfonso Reyes Ochoa. It operates as a site museum, since there the writer resided from 1939 to 1959, the date of his death.
• Museo de Cera de la Ciudad de México, located on the street of London No. 6, Colonia Juárez. It was opened on 27 August 1979. Its original acquis constituted 200 wax figures of relevant national and international characters. It was inaugurated in November 1993.
• Unbelievable Museum (Ripley), located on the side of the Cera Museum, is distinguished by its construction in the form of medieval castle. It was opened in 1992 by the then Secretary of Tourism, Pedro Joaquín Coldwell, and gathers the collection of amazing objects by Roberto L. Ripley.
• Colegio y Plaza de las Vizcains, located in Calle de las Vizcains, Callejón de Aldaco and Callejón de San Ignacio, in the Historic Center. Founded in the middle of the centuryXVIII as a College of St. Ignatius of Loyola by the Basque philanthropists Ambrosio de Meave, José de Aldaco and Francisco Echeveste, this school was intended for the education of girls, maidens, orphans and widows of Basque origin. He studied characters from Mexico's history, such as Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez, who at the time of the War of Independence was known as "the Choir of Queretaro. During the period of the Laws of Reform, with the separation Church-State, he changed his name by Colegio de la Paz, and he resumed his original name, Colegio San Ignacio de Loyola (Vizcains) in April 1997 in a visit to the College by the King of Spain Dn Juan Carlos I. It is currently aimed at the education of Mexican children from the levels of garden of children, primary, secondary and preparatory; it is also sometimes rented by different companies or by individuals for the realization of social events. In its southern part, is the Plaza de las Vizcains, an open plot that has a parking lot on its basement.
• Plaza Garibaldi, located in the streets of Montero, Allende, Ecuador and Central Axis Lázaro Cárdenas, in the Guerrero colony. As the headquarters of the mariachi in Mexico City, Plaza Garibaldi is linked to Cirilo Marmolejo, who in 1920 introduced the first musical set of this genre in the capital.
• Museum of Mexico City, located at José María Pino Suárez 30 Avenue in the Historic Centre. It depends on the Government of Mexico City, and its acquis integrates documents, plans, models, paintings and photographs that expose the physical characteristics of the geographical location of Mexico City and a summary of its historical and urban evolution.
• Plaza de las Tres Culturas, located in the Nonoalco-Tlatelolco Room Unit. It is defined by representative buildings of three historical stages of Mexico, hence its name: of the pre-Hispanic period, of the virreinal and of contemporary Mexico.
• Plaza de la Ciudadela, due to the character of the construction, by the location of the building at the southwest entrance of the city and for having served as an arms and barracks factory, was called "La Ciudadela".
• The University Museum of Chopo, belonging to the National Autonomous University of Mexico, presents young and experimental art.
• Ex Teresa Arte Actual, experimental art museum in the Historic Center.
• Experimental Museum El Eco
• Monument to the Revolution
• José Vasconcelos Library, is located in Aje 1 North Mosqueta s/n corner Aldama, col. Buenavista, near the metro stations, metrobus and Buenavista suburban train.
• Teatro del Pueblo, located in Venezuela No. 72, Centro Histórico. It depends on the Government of Mexico City and is a space dedicated to culture, where workshops are offered to the entire community.
• Cantina the Peninsular (1872), is located in Corregidora and Roldán. It is said that it was inaugurated in 1872, and has been the scene of endless bohemian nights; the popular council ensures that it was for a good time the bunker of Lucha Villa, in its best times.
• Museum of the Greater Temple (1987), at Seminar No. 8, Historic Centre. Its creation was the result of archaeological excavations carried out by the Major Temple Project in its first season, between 1978 and 1982, and has a collection of more than seven thousand objects, as well as the vestiges of the Tenochtitlan Major Temple.
• San Rafael - Theatre area. It has at least 8 theatres, among which stand out: outdoor Juan Ruiz de Alarcón, Teatro Virginia Fábregas y Manolo Fábregas, Teatro Jorge Negrete, Teatro Venustiano Carranza, Centro Cultural El Tecolote, Teatro Aldama.

Education

Elementary and secondary schools

The Alexander von Humboldt German School had a campus at 43 Benjamin G. Hill, Hipódromo Condesa, now a part of La Salle University.

Libraries

Library of Mexico

The Library of Mexico is located in the Historic Center of Mexico City, in the Ciudadela, very close to the Balderas subway station, and receives more than 1,500 visitors daily, who consult the editorial collections and attend cultural activities and promotion of reading. It was inaugurated on November 27, 1946 by then President Manuel Ávila Camacho, who was accompanied by Jaime Torres Bodet, Secretary of Public Education, and José Vasconcelos Calderón, its first director, who held the position until his death in 1959. The library, in addition to being a place for consulting books and general information, has three exhibition halls that are used to present cultural activities such as: exhibitions, theater performances, film screenings, book presentations, and workshops for children and adults. Since 1998, it has had a Theater Forum that houses independent groups that present their theatrical proposals and dramatized readings. The library facilities have served as a framework to carry out tributes and recognitions to illustrious characters from the world of letters, such as the "Alfonso Reyes 2000 International Award", which was awarded to Miguel León-Portilla, the "Octavio International Award Peace of Poetry and Essay 2004", which Eugenio Montejo won, and the award to Enrique Krauze, for his 60th anniversary, among others.

Vasconcelos Library

The Vasconcelos Library in Mexico City is another library located in the city hall, right next to the old Buenavista train station (now the Buenavista Suburban Railroad Station of the Valley of Mexico Metropolitan Area), near the Tianguis Poplar Culture. It was inaugurated in 2006, during the administration of President Vicente Fox Quesada, and is the work of the architects Alberto Kalach and Juan Palomar, from the firm TAX Alberto Kalach. The library provides free access to library services in general, and also organizes various cultural activities such as film series and exhibitions. It has a bibliographic heritage of 575,000 classified books and its collections of multimedia, children's, Braille and musical material.

Monuments

The main monuments in the area, located in the Paseo de la Reforma corridor, are five:

• the Monument to Columbus (1871), built by the architect Ramón Rodríguez Arangoiti;
• the Monument to Cuauhtémoc (1887), by Francisco M. Jiménez, with sculptures by Miguel Noreña;
• the Angel of Independence (1910), inaugurated by the president of Mexico Porfirio Díaz;
• the Fountain of Diana Cazadora (1942), by the architect Vicente Mendiola Quezada;
• the Estela de Luz (2012), inaugurated by Mexican President Felipe Calderón Hinojosa.
• The Monument to the Revolution of the architect Carlos Obregón Santacilia, concluded in (1938) by the French architect Émile Bénard;

Transportation services

The following stations of the Mexico City Metro cross the demarcation. Note that some stations connect with more than one line:

Station Fine Arts, lines 2 and 8

Estación Balderas, lines 1 and 3

Station	Line
Pino Suárez
Isabel the Catholic
Water Salt
Balances
Cuauhtémoc
Insurgency
Sevilla
Chapultepec
San Cosme
Revolution
Hidalgo
Fine Arts
Allende
Zócalo
San Antonio Abad
Chabacano
Tlatelolco
Guerrero
Juárez
Hero children
General Hospital
Medical Centre
Mysteries
Garibaldi
San Juan de Letrán
Doctors
Workers
The Viga
Lazarus Cárdenas
Chilpancingo
Patriotism
Buenavista
Lagunilla
Tepito

The following lines of the Trolleybus of the Electric Transportation Service of Mexico City run through the city hall:

• Line «1» Central Axis of the North Truck Central to the South Truck Central.
• Line "2" Axis 2 - 2A South.
• Line «5» Saint Philip of Jesus – Metro Hidalgo.

The following Metrobús lines cross the demarcation:

• Line 1: Indios Verdes-Caminero, with the stations: Circuito, San Simón, Manuel González, Buenavista, El Chopo, Revolución, Plaza de la República, Reforma, Hamburg, Insurgentes, Durango, Álvaro Obregón, Sonora, Campeche, Chilpancingo and Nuevo León.
• Line 2: Tacubaya-Tepalcates, with the stations: Viaducto, Nuevo León, Escandón, Patriotismo and La Salle.
• Line 3: Tenayuca-Ethiopia, with the stations: Circuito, Tolnahuac, Tlatelolco, Flores Magón, Buenavista II, Guerrero, Mina, Hidalgo, Juárez, Balderas, Cuauhtémoc, Pushkin Garden, Hospital General, Doctor Márquez, Centro Médico y Obrero Mundial.
• Line 4: Buenavista-San Lázaro: Buenavista III, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, México Tenochtitlan, Plaza de la República, Glorieta de Colón, Expo Reforma, Vocacional 5, Juárez, Plaza San Juan, Eje Central, El Salvador, Isabel la Católica, Museo de la Ciudad, Pino Suárez, Las Cruces, Ferrocarril de Cintura, Mixcalco, Teatro de Pueblo, Bellas

This is in addition to the many private bus routes that cross the city hall from north to south and from east to west, as well as throughout the rest of the city.

Soap Operas

This City Hall is characterized by the fact that most of the telenovelas recorded in Mexico City are made there. The most recent are:

• To the end of the world (2014 - 2015). The commander of the delegation is Felix Tavares, played by Roberto Ballesteros.
• Love of neighborhood (2015), recorded in La Lagunilla and in the market of that neighborhood.

International Relations

Twinnings

The Cuauhtémoc City Hall has twinning relationships with the following cities around the world:

Agreements

Cuauhtémoc has specific cooperation agreements, whose objective is to establish activities, in order to facilitate the execution of the agreement. These agreements are entered into because the signatory parties focus cooperation specifically to strengthen complementary areas such as tourism, government, security, etc. The agreements that the city has are with the following cities around the world: