Commercial fishing
Commercial fishing is fishing activity carried out for commercial gain.
Originally it was the livelihood of some coastal or island populations. Currently, fishing systems have been industrialized, although in some countries traditional or artisanal fishing gear is still used to obtain hydrobiological resources. Depending on the economic purpose, fishing can be distinguished between artisanal fishing and industrial fishing.
This activity has also been derived from leisure, as is the case with others such as sport hunting, becoming considered a sport.
Types of fishing gear
Mainly, this activity should be divided into two large groups: one would be that of fishing that is practiced in inland waters (rivers, lakes, etc.) and another is the activity that takes place in the oceanic body of water. This distinction is usually also made at the legislative level, since this activity is regulated by the different States of the world, corresponding to the competences in the matter to different administrations.
Fishing exploitation
Fishing, especially industrial exploitation, has caused many problems throughout its history.
Since remote times, man has sought to feed himself and found a solution to that need, among other activities, in fishing. However, when observing the growing need for the demand for said food, he was forced to increase the capture of hydrobiological species, creating methods to obtain increasing volumes of fishing at a low cost or price. Over time, this company became industrialized.
The situation undergoes a change when man becomes sedentary, the birth rate increases and human concentrations become denser and grow. Fishing, then, both maritime and continental, becomes predatory. Given these circumstances, certain sectors anticipate that inland watercourses will be left without population of aquatic species (fish, molluscs, crustaceans, etc.). Consequently, the area would lose its productivity and would remain desolate or barren for this extractive activity.
Product of the potential depredation of the world's fishing zones, human beings imposed laws, rules and limits on fishing activity to protect hydrobiological species and thus prevent their total disappearance. However, in some fishing areas, preventive actions of this type do not give the desired results as they are not properly controlled.
In some countries, to avoid deprecation, the raising of edible species is promoted in watercourses or in natural or artificial ponds; These are usually hydrobiological species whose consumption is in great demand. In this way, it
Production
In 2014, world capture fisheries production in 2014 was 93.4 Mt, 81.5 Mt from marine waters and 11.9 Mt from inland waters. The main producers in that year were China, Indonesia, the United States, Russia and Japan.
Regarding the species caught by sea, the main ones in 2014 were Theragra chalcogramma, Engraulis ringens, Katsuwonus pelamis, species from the genus Sardinella and Scomber japonicus.
Commercial Fishing Problems
Fishing, although it is a very important means of supplying food, has caused different ecological problems in the underwater environment. Frequently the use of fishing equipment and fishing itself generate negative effects on underwater ecosystems, food chains and therefore the future supply of fish for human consumption.
Much of the problems surrounding commercial fishing arise because fishing companies overexploit resources from the coast which pushes them into deep waters. The equipment used for this second case generates a potential impact on many species that live on or near the ocean floor. This is because fishing gear changes habitat by being washed along the ocean floor, thus destroying much of the habitat for various species. Although it is known that there are effects on benthic communities, conducting studies in this area becomes complicated due to the variety and complexity of these communities. However, there are studies on disruptions in the seabed generated by fishing gear, which have impacted benthic communities and have generated strong changes in trophic chains. This permanently destabilizes the balance between species and can generate future problems for the maintenance of the ecosystem.
The strongest impact on ecosystems is caused by fishing companies that use non-selective fishing methods that end up catching the fish in question while damaging other species and their habitat. The maximum expression of This type of fishing is trawling, which ends up damaging the sea floor and therefore the habitats of various species, coral reefs and, in special cases, complete ecosystems.
On the other hand, the problem with overfishing is that once a part of the pelagic zone has been exploited or overexploited, greater depths are used to maintain catch rates and the economic benefits derived from them, leading to to the fishing activity to extremes such as the already mentioned trawling and consequently to the strong impact on the dynamics of the ecosystems in terms of preservation and sustainability.
Forms of commercial fishing
- Almadraba
- Currican background
- Lace
- Jigging
- Fisheries of the witch
- Fishing the pig
- Fishing the coup
- Fisheries of the resume
- Fish to the pitch
- Fishing with palangre
- Fishing with car Valencian
- Fly fishing
- Fishing with nasa
- Rock fish
- Trail Fishing
- Underwater fishing
- Surf casting
- Trasmallo
- Hydraulic Draga (Bivalvos Plate)
- Trailed (Bivalvos Plate)
- Danish pig
- Scottish pig
- Launch or harpoon (formerly employed in whale fishing)
- Driving networks
- Industrial potholes (Squid hunting)
- Hand lines (Artificial red tuna fishery)
- "Voracera"
- Chinchorro
- Corrales
- Raskell
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