Colima (Colima)

Colima is a Mexican city, capital of the state of Colima, and the third most populous city in the state, it is one of the cities with the best quality of life in the country and the head of the homonymous municipality. The city of Colima has a population of 146,965 inhabitants according to census data carried out by INEGI in 2020.

The city of Colima and its homonymous municipality, together with the municipalities of Comala, Coquimatlán, Cuauhtémoc and Villa de Álvarez, make up the Colima-Villa de Álvarez metropolitan area, whose population in 2020 was 380,575 inhabitants.

Because of its great culture that has five visible centuries of folklore, customs, gastronomy and traditions, it was named the American Capital of Culture in 2014. It is also the second oldest city in Mexico (and on the American continental shelf), being founded on January 20, 1523 by Gonzalo de Sandoval.

Toponymy

For more information about the Colima shield, see the article: Colima Shield

Colima, place where the old god or the god of fire dominates and which refers to the volcano of fire (located on the border of Jalisco and Colima, it is known as Volcán de Colima because of the unparalleled view that it offers to Colima and for the appreciation that the inhabitants of the state have for it). The name comes from the Nahuatl word with which the ancient kingdom of "Colliman" was called: "Colli" which means hill, volcano or grandfather and "Maitl" means hand or domain. Despite being a small entity, Colima encloses in its limits an endless number of attractions that contribute to increasing the fame of Mexico, among which we can mention the cathedral, in neoclassical style; the Government Palace, with the magnificent murals by the Colima painter Jorge Chávez Carrillo, which illustrate historical themes related to the Conquest, Colonization and the War of Independence.

Hotel de Negocios.

Hotel Ceballos.

History

Located in the colony stage, the indigenous peoples are organized in the Villa de Colima, named after Hernán Cortés in the year 1523. In that same year the Spaniards abandoned that Villa and moved further north, to the Villa de San Sebastián de Colima, today known as Colima (the state capital founded in 1527), because given the inclemency of the heat of Villa de Colima, they consider that Villa de San Sebastián de Colima enjoys a better location, as well as better climatic and environmental conditions, which makes it a more generous space to live and progress. The pre-Columbian history of the municipality of Colima, according to the information offered by the state government, is varied and there are records that this territory was inhabited by ancient indigenous peoples since —at least— some 2,000 years BC. C. and that can be organized as follows:

Complex Capacha

The establishment of a sedentary group dedicated to agriculture and the production of ceramics, whose life was carried out between 2000 and 1000 B.C.; located six kilometres north of where today is the municipal head of Colima.

Complex Los Ortices

To whom archaeologists assign a period of between 300 B.C. and 300 AD; located towards the southeast of the capital city, in the vicinity of where the town of Los Ortices is today. This indigenous settlement was more evolved than that of La Capacha, since it not only produced a thinner ceramic, but practiced stone sculpture and worshipped their dead by burying them in “tumbas de disparo”, very characteristic of the region.

Complex Armería y Colima

Located in the course of the 600 and 1100 years of C., in an area that is now part of the east of the city, in what is today the neighborhood of El Moralete. This indigenous group developed handicrafts with characteristics that were somewhat more primitive than the previous one. They produced a smaller variety of ceramics and built some more coarse manufacturing shooting tombs.

Complex El Chanal

It understands the development of the region's most representative indigenous group, which settled in the community of El Chanal, of which it takes the name. In this place, in the middle of the centuryXX., the body of a staggered pyramid was discovered; at the beginning of the 1990s, squares, explanades, temples and even a ball game were discovered: architectural evidences of a people who had reached a high degree of evolution. Towards the time when the Spaniards arrived in Colima, this complex had already disappeared and only a few indigenous peoples were left in the area, mainly dedicated to the collection, hunting and agriculture – apparently – subject to another more powerful indigenous population, enslaved in the coastal plain of Tecomán (today Tecomán).

Historical Timeline

For more information on the history of the Colima Volcano, see the article: History of Colima

Colima Central Corridor.

The umbrellas of Hotel Ceballos, Colima.

Portal Medellín, Colima.

La Villa de Colima was one of the first towns founded by the conquistadors in the territory of New Spain. The episode of the conquest and the subsequent smallpox and measles epidemics that occurred throughout the southern part of New Spain caused the disappearance of thousands of indigenous settlers in Colima. A witness to such painful circumstances was Lorenzo Lebrón de Quiñones, who for four long years (1551-1554) toured the 200 towns that at that time made up the vast province of Colima as Royal Visitor. During the long years of the Viceroyalty, Villa de Colima was the Mayor's Office, head of the province of the same name, whose jurisdiction covered not only what is today the state territory, but also large areas of southern Jalisco and practically the entire coast. from Michoacan. Its importance, however, began to decline since Guadalajara was founded and the mines of Guanajuato and Zacatecas were discovered. In the ecclesiastical, the Villa de Colima belonged most of the time to the Bishopric of Michoacán, as the most remote of its parishes; by the way, one of these was the one that don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla took over, from March 10 to November 26, 1792; period that served him well when, at the beginning of the independence movement, he found in Colima the support of numerous sympathizers who joined his cause. The first to react favorably were the Indians linked to the convent of San Francisco de Almoloyan, who barely in October 1810 plotted an insurrection that was frustrated by the Spanish authorities, who had been warned of it.

• However, less than two months after the movement began in the village of Dolores, on November 8, 1810, in charge of José Antonio Torres (son) and Rafael Arteaga, he made his entry to Colima the first insurgent group to be heard of; group that, after deposing the sub-delegate Juan Linares, the highest authority of the time, seized and looted the properties of the Spaniards, they were saved to Guadalajara 20 Spanish prisoners
• Another of the most important leaders of the independence movement was Father-bachiller José Antonio Díaz, who, being assistant to the parish priest of San Francisco de Almoloyan, from the beginning showed himself “intransigent in defending the Indians and the cause of Independence by the priest Hidalgo; he left sotana, pushed the weapons and dragged with him a multitude of Indians of Almoloyan, Comalachi

Topography and hydrography

Approximately 50 percent of the municipality is hilly, mainly to the south and southeast, where the most important hilly area exists. It is part of two sub-provinces called Volcanes de Colima and Cordillera Costera del Sur. The Volcanes de Colima sub-province covers the largest area of the Colima Valley, from the north and northwest portion to the Cerro de los Gallos plateau. The mass of rocks that make up the province of the Sierra Madre del Sur occupies most of the municipal territory, which is why it is called a sub-province of the Southern Coastal Range. This occupies the mountainous portion of southern Mexico, is closely related to the so-called Cocos Plate, which is a large mobile plate that emerges from the bottom of the Pacific Ocean, presses to the west and southeast of the coasts and causes strong seismicity that is records in this area, from southern Jalisco to Oaxaca and Chiapas.

It has the hills of Los Mezcales, Los Gallos, El Alcomún, Rincón de Galindo, Pistola Grande, Piscila, El Agostadero, La Salvia, Cerro Pelón, Piedra Ancha, Higuera Panda, Amarradero, La Yerbabuena, Peña Blanca, La Cebadilla, Tinajas, El Salto, Los Volcancillos, La Palmera, El Camichín, El Achoque, La Siempreviva, El Borrego and Copala. The municipality has several rivers; the most important are: Colima, Salado and Naranjo or Coahuayana; The streams of El Zarco, El Astillero Salitrillos, Cardona, Colomitos and El Chico have little flow, and only the following carry water during the rainy season: El Manrique, La Estancia, La Cañada, Tepames, Tinajas and La Palmera.

Demographics

The city of Colima has a population of 146,965 inhabitants according to data from the XIV Population and Housing Census of the National Institute of Statistics and Geography, which is why it has been surveyed at 3.er place in the state in terms of population yielding to the very high demographic increases of its neighbor City of Villa de Álvarez and the port of Manzanillo that is currently the most populated city in the state, a site that had historically belonged to the Capital Colima.

Graphic of demographic evolution of Colima between 1910 and 2020

Population of censuses of the National Institute of Statistics and Geography (INEGI) from 1910 to 2020.

Climate and soil characteristics

Warm sub-humid with summer rains in most of the municipality; the average annual temperature is from 24 to 26 °C and the annual rainfall from 800 to 1,000 mm. In the northern part of the municipality that adjoins Cuauhtémoc, the temperature improves by approximately two degrees from 22 °C to 24 °C, average annual rainfall of 1,000 to 1,300 mm. In the towns of Estapilla and Las Tunas, the climate is semi-dry and very warm, with a temperature of 26 to 28 °C and annual rainfall of 600 to 700 mm.

It offers various physical characteristics that prevent or limit the agricultural use of the surface or the use of agricultural machinery. The stony or lithic phase refers to the existence of stones greater than 7.5 centimeters in diameter, and the second consists of the presence of rocks at least 50 centimeters from the surface that limit the depth of the agricultural layer. There are also clayey soils that have stony or lithic characteristics, and the coastline or stone soil that has a depth of 10 centimeters. In various places in the municipality there are also soft soils rich in organic matter, with a dark superficial layer (Haplic Phaeozem), which are suitable for the use of agricultural machinery. The most important irrigated agriculture is found in the western part of the municipality, on the Los Asmoles, Las Golondrinas and Los Ortices plateau, which form the last stepped depression of the Colima Valley; This area receives the benefits of the Colima Canal, coming from the Peñitas diverter, which receives the flow from the Basilio Vadillo dam.

Average Colima climate parameters (1951–2010)
Month	Ene.	Feb.	Mar.	Open up.	May.	Jun.	Jul.	Ago.	Sep.	Oct.	Nov.	Dec.	Annual
Temp. max. abs. (°C)	38.2	39.2	39.8	42.5	42.0	41.0	40.4	39.0	39.5	41.0	38.9	40.5	42.5
Average temperature (°C)	31.3	31.9	32.9	34.0	34.4	33.6	32.4	32.4	31.5	32.1	32.4	31.6	32.5
Average temperature (°C)	23.4	23.6	24.3	25.5	26.8	27.5	26.8	26.6	26.2	26.1	25.2	23.9	25.5
Temp. medium (°C)	15.5	15.4	15.7	17.1	19.3	21.4	21.1	20.9	20.9	20.1	18.1	16.2	18.5
Temp. min. abs. (°C)	7.5	8.0	3.0	7.0	10.0	14.0	17.0	15.0	13.0	13.0	11.0	9.0	3.0
Rains (mm)	24.2	6.2	4.3	2.1	10.9	128.3	205.6	191.9	191.0	92.0	17.6	11.3	885.4
Rainy days (≥ 0.1 mm)	1.4	0.6	0.3	0.2	1.1	11.2	18.1	17.6	16.7	7.1	1.5	1.1	76.9
Hours of sun	233	240	268	252	263	185.	165	184	161	207	229	213	2600
Relative humidity (%)	56	53	51	50	51	59	66	64	69	65	57	52	58
Source No. 1: National Meteorological Service (humidity 1981–2000)
Source No. 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (sun, 1961–1990)

Gastronomy

University Hospital.

Administrative complex.

Among the most popular and representative dishes from Colima are the sopitos -small toasts covered with mincemeat and bathed in "juice"-; fat sopes, leg, loin or chicken; and the toasts of the same meats and prepared on shaved and golden tortillas. Pork pozole is the traditional snack, with the characteristic of being dry. Other typical stews are tatemado -pork meat macerated in coconut vinegar and stewed in red chili-, pepena -stewed viscera-; and the coachala -maize maize and cooked with shredded chicken-. The local varieties of tamale are pata de mula -bean, wrapped in totomoxtle-; those of meat and those of tender corn. Comala is distinguished by the production of dairy products, such as quesillo ranchero, panela and cream; also, together with Villa de Álvarez, for its sweet bread, of which the bonnets or picón de huevo stand out.

• During the rainy season it is possible to enjoy the jackals, or lakes of river, prepared in broth. Also at that time, on the coast, the Moyos – the varity of the black crab-, guided to the diabla. There are lobster breeders that ensure the permanent abatement of this culinary delight, enjoyable in broths, butter, garlic or simply cooked. Different to the way it is prepared in the neighboring states, the cebiche of Colima is made by finely shaking the fish and mixing it carrots, in addition to the ingredients common to this dish. The fish to the size is a highly appreciated specialty; it is prepared with an integer fish, open and covered with spiced vegetables, then wrapped in banana leaf and roasted to the coals.
• Three are the typical refreshing drinks of Colima: tejuino, tuba and bate. The tejuino is prepared with an atole of brown corn and panocha and served with abundant ice, salt and lemon. The tuba, of Philippine origin, is the coconut sap, which is extracted by cutting the bud from what would form the coconut cluster. This can become natural, almond or composite with chopped fruit and peanuts. The bat is made with chan - a seed of the chía family - and is served with panocha honey. The only alcoholic beverage currently made in Colima is the Ponche de Comala, which is made of pomegranate - the most traditional -, plum passes, peanut, guayabilla and tamarindo. In its preparation is used mezcal produced in the region of the volcano, locally called tuxca. The coconut produces a variety of typical sweets, such as alfajor and different types of cokes. Also made are tamarindo sweets, pineapple alphajores, guava rolls, milk bottles with cinnamon and dehydrated bananas.

The typical dishes are prepared mainly with corn, fruit, pork, fish and shellfish. Corn tamales, sopitos covered with hash, leg, loin or chicken; river prawns prepared in moyos broth or devilishly stewed Moorish crab, pork pozole and pork meat tatemado are some of the typical dishes. In addition, the cebiche from Colima and the fish a la talla are distinguished for their originality. Typical desserts are pineapple alfajor, cocada, guava rolls, dehydrated plantains and tamarind sweets. In Colima the tuba is very popular, as are the vendors called "tuberos". A profession passed down from generation to generation, the tubero obtains the spike of flowers from the coconut palm to prepare the tuba, which together with the tejuino and the bat are part of the Colima tradition of natural drinks.

Culture

Monument Obscene Figure.

The “mariachi de arpa”, which replaces the traditional trumpet with a harp), is the typical musical expression of Colimeños. To the beat of the most traditional sones and syrups, they celebrate one of the many Catholic patron saint festivities of each community. The most representative songs of the state are El Camino Real de Colima, Las Comaltecas, El Perico Loro, El Palmero, El Parade, La Iguana de Tecomán, El Pedregal, El Pitayero, Colima Linda i> and Los Morismas. Otate, reed and vulture weaves make beautiful handicrafts of great artistic value. Suchitlán artisans produce all kinds of baskets and baskets that have given the region international fame.

The state is part of what is related to Mexico regarding rancheros, mariachis and large rural areas, along with Jalisco, Nayarit and Zacatecas.

La Petatera de Villa de Álvarez is recognized worldwide for its manufacturing based on petates, and is used as a bullring during the charrotaurine festivities.

There are several museums in the city such as the Xoloitzcuintle Interactive Museum, the Regional History Museum, the University Pinacoteca, the Griselda Álvarez Museum, the Alejandro Rangel Hidalgo Museum and Gallery, the Museum of Contemporary Art, the Museum of Paleontology, and the Regional Museum of Christian.

Notable artists in plastic arts, dance (such as the Folkloric Ballet of the University), as well as writers have emerged from the IUBA.

Chosen as American Capital of Culture 2014.

Predecessor: Barranquilla

American Capital of Culture 2014

Successor: Mayagüez

Sports

The most practiced sport is athletics, although handball, basketball, volleyball, and swimming are also practiced notably. There are 3 smaller capacity stadiums in the city, the Colima Stadium, located to the south of the city, in the La Albarrada neighborhood, the Colima University Olympic Stadium and the San Jorge Stadium, located in the Placetas Estadio neighborhood.

Until the winter of 2019, the Loros soccer team of the University of Colima played at home in the city, which was based at the Estadio Olímpico Universitario de Colima, located to the east of the capital. Since its disappearance, due to the death of its owner and the refusal of its relatives to continue investing in the club, a project was created so that the city would not be left without a professional team, and from the hand of Sergio Bueno Colima emerged Fútbol Club, which debuts during the 2020-21 Mexican Second Division tournament.

During March 2019, part of the National Olympics was held in the city, specifically the disciplines of Rugby 7, handball, judo and volleyball, for which adaptations and construction were made to receive the event.

Currently they are looking to establish a cycling culture in the city. Studies have been carried out in the last three years to find out which are the roads with the best potential to place bike paths there to promote the use of bicycles among the population.

In the Auditorium of the Unidad Deportiva Morelos there have been presentations of the AAA.

Methods of communication

Government Palace.

Obispado de Colima.

Regarding the communication routes, there are paved highways from the municipality of Colima to the other municipalities of the state; a four-lane Manzanillo-Colima-Guadalajara highway that in turn connects the municipalities of Tecomán Armería and Cuauhtémoc; highway number 110 Colima-Jiquilpan-Michoacán, four-lane road to Comala, as well as dirt roads to all towns in the municipality. Without forgetting the Playa de Oro International Airport in Manzanillo (an hour and a half from the City of Colima) and the Miguel de la Madrid National Airport in Buena Vista Cuauhtémoc, just 22 km from the City of Colima.

In addition to the aforementioned route services, radio taxis, vans and taxis, which circulate within the municipality and transport the inhabitants of the municipality around the neighborhoods that comprise it.

In addition to the Guadalajara-Colima-Manzanillo railway, there are two bus stations (truck companies): the foreign bus station “Miguel de la Madrid Hurtado” (to other states of the country, with first and second luxury bus lines) and a suburban “El Manchón” –known as “de los rojos”– (for towns in the interior of the state, with transportation services for towns in other municipalities).

In addition to these communication services for passengers, there are several urban transport lines, which connect the population with all the neighborhoods of the municipality, in connection with the suburban area of Villa de Álvarez; The service of these collective service trucks and minibuses is offered from 6:00 a.m. to

Natural and cultural attractions

Colima Cathedral.

Colima volcano.

Music school.

Government Palace

It was built in the XIX century by the great master builder Don Lucio Uribe, under the initiative of former Governor General Doroteo López and to start its construction it was necessary to demolish the old jail. The earthquakes of 1932, 1941 and 2003 affected this area to a large extent, so it was necessary to fully restore it. The façade of the building is neoclassical in style with a marked French tendency, the construction consists of two levels separated by an entablature. The first level presents a semicircular access and a portico with Doric columns on quadrangular bases. The second level presents a main balcony with Corinthian columns in the center; the balcony finish is in the form of a broken pediment, with windows with lowered arches and blacksmith railings. The building has a quadrangular top in the center with a clock brought from Germany dating from 1841.

• In the interior of the building, in the cube of the main staircase, you can admire the murals made by the painter colimense Jorge Chávez Carrillo in 1953, in honor of Don Miguel Hidalgo and Costilla, on the occasion of the bicentennial of his birth, in those murals you can appreciate the representation of the most important characters and events in the history of Mexico.
• In the first wall is seen the lion of Castile rushing over the Mexican eagle, this is the symbolic representation of the Spanish Conquest and is complemented by several scenes of the colonial era. In the second wall is represented the first fact of arms of the Liberating Movement: the assault on the Alhóndiga de Granaditas, with the classic scenes of Allende heading for the battle and the Pipal burning the gate; in this wall there is also Freedom with its great torch and Carlos IV, inexpressive in front of a hand that recovers the enslaved America. In the third wall, Hidalgo holds the broken chains of slavery and points to the path to the Homeland; the main heroes of the Libertador Movement also appear; Morelos, Rayon, Galeana, Mina, Guerrero, Matamoros, Abasolo and Guadalupe Victoria. In the fourth wall, the new and vigorous homeland dominates production with the fist and points to the course of industrialization; the main men who have forged the homeland are also represented.

Colima Cathedral

The Cathedral of Colima has been designated on October 12, 1998 by Pope John Paul II, as a Minor Basilica, since it is the first consecrated to the Virgin of Guadalupe in Latin America. It dates from 1525, it was initially made of wood and palm, which was converted into a Cathedral until 1530, when it was completely rebuilt by the master builder Don Lucio Uribe. The façade is a single nave with towers on the sides, it presents an access with an Ionic arch built by pairs of fluted columns, a capital decorated with volutes and an entablature with denticles and on the cornice a balustrade flanked by two vase-shaped finials. Above the entrance there is a choral window with a lowered arch with flowers that rests on pilasters with reliefs. The towers are single body and the bell tower has semicircular arches flanked by parts of fluted shaft pilasters. In the upper part, separated by the establishment, there is a small segment drum topped by a quarry cross. Inside the temple, neoclassical decoration predominates, standing out the cedar wood carvings executed by the cabinetmakers Manuel Cedeño and Andrés González; the pulpit is the work of the renowned carver Don Othón Bustos; The old sculpture of San Felipe de Jesús, Patron of the city since 1668, also stands out. On the outside it presents an atrium of square pilasters with vase finials joined with colonial ironwork, predominating its twin towers and its great dome, currently they are the highest constructions throughout the city.

University of Colima

For more information from the University of Colima, see article: University of Colima

At the University of Colima, the Faculties of Law and Accounting were the first in the initial stage of their autonomy and with them, the university deployment also began, thereby giving State students the opportunity to perform as legal professionals, coupled with the fact that the Law career offers more job opportunities every day both within the Justice Department and in the judicial career. It is also important to highlight that the School of Law is not only the oldest but also the most prestigious of all. The University of Colima was born as the Popular University of Colima on September 16, 1940, with a project inspired by the revolutionary spirit. On August 25, 1962, it was granted autonomy and separated from the state educational system, establishing strong university careers in the administrative and agricultural areas, and beginning hard work to obtain sufficient resources for its growth.

Colima Volcano

For more information on the Colima Volcano, see the Colima Volcano article

The Colima Volcano or Fuego Volcano rises to 3860 m s. no. m. This volcano is shared by the states of Jalisco and Colima, in Mexico. The municipalities affected by the activity of the volcano are Comala and Cuauhtémoc, in Colima, and Tuxpan, Zapotitlán and Tonila, in Jalisco. The type of volcano is a stratovolcano; its eruptions have been considered explosive. Throughout 500 years the volcano has had more than 40 explosions since 1576, of which those of 1585, 1606, 1622, 1690, 1818, 1890, 1903 stand out, the most violent being that of 1913 and the most recent in February of 1999 and the one on June 6, 2005 at 11:00 a.m. (local time), there was an eruptive column that reached 4 km above the volcano, spewing rock ash and pyroclastics. Both events are the ones with the highest energy released after the event of January 13, 1913, which closed the fourth cycle of activity. The volcano is a neighbor of the Nevado de Colima, the highest point in the western sector of the Mexican Volcanic Belt. An ancient volcanic massif located in the state of Jalisco, in the west of the Mexican Republic; in the vicinity between the states of Jalisco and Colima.

Hidalgo Theater

In March 1871, the construction of the Hidalgo Theater began, by the builder Don Lucio Uribe, on the property where the house that Don Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla lived in 1792 was. 6 decades and the main theater companies in the country performed there. The building presents a sober façade on one level with three entrances with double semicircular arches on Doric pilasters on the frieze. The decoration of the theater was made by the painter Frank Renoult; the Hidalgo Theater is a small space that creates a pleasantly intimate atmosphere inside. Its architectural part is developed on a rectangle with a marked axis of symmetry, it is arranged by a general hall that leads to the patio or lunette and through two lateral stairs it communicates with the box area and the amphitheater, these spaces are located in the four levels in the classic horseshoe shape. It has a capacity for 650 seats.

I.U.B.A.

The University Institute of Fine Arts emerged as such on September 19, 1981, when it was officially inaugurated by the Constitutional Governor of the State Lic. Griselda Álvarez, being Rector of the University of Colima Lic. Humberto Silva Ochoa. The artistic areas with which it began as an Institute (I.U.B.A.) were Plastic Arts, Music, Dance at a technical level, as well as Children's Workshops. The main objective from which the Institute began its activities was to systematize through teaching, research and dissemination of cultural products, in accordance with universal values, the philosophy of the Mexican People and the existing conditions in the workplace. From 1981 to date, the Institute's curricular structure has been changing and adapting to economic and administrative needs, in some cases ignoring the technical-methodological aspect of curricular processes. The University Institute of Fine Arts as part of the University of Colima, has had a remarkable development in all aspects, highlighting the academic, in the training of professional cadres at a technical level in the artistic field. The University, through the participation of academics and graduates from all levels, schools and faculties, has managed to transcend the cultural and international spheres in the different social sectors and fields of science.

Tourist attractions

Archaeological zones

La Campana, El Chanal, Former Convent of San Francisco de Almoloyán.

Balloons

Glorieta Monumental "Glorieta del DIF", Glorieta del Rey Colimán, Glorieta Kids Heroes.

Statues

To King Colimán, to the priest Hidalgo, sculptural group teacher Gregorio Torres Quintero; to the teacher; to José María Morelos and Pavón; to José Pimentel Llerenas; to the reformers: Melchor Ocampo, Guillermo Prieto, Santos Degollado, León Guzmán and Manuel Ruiz. Statue to Independence, the Garden of Remembrance and Statue to Mother.

Buses

To Benito Juárez, Francisco I. Madero, Jorge Chávez Carrillo, Jesús García Corona the "Héroe de Nacozari" and Emiliano Zapata.

Metal Enhanced Buses: Exhibition of acts of the University of Colima, obelisk with the efigie of Benito Juárez.

Old buildings

Palacio de Gobierno, Los Portales, the building that occupies the municipal presidency as well as the municipal treasury, Hidalgo theatre, federal palace, the house where President Benito Juárez stayed, the house in which Father Hidalgo lived.

Temples

La Catedral, El Beaterio, La Merced, La Salud, Santuario Guadalupano, María Auxiliadora.

Museums

Museo Regional de las Culturas de Occidente, Museo Universitario de Artes Populares María Teresa Pomar y Museo Regional de Historia de Colima.

Danzas

In religious festivals, groups of dancers are organized and presented well-directed by specialized teachers.

Traditions

Some people dress with regional shortcuts during the Guadalupana parties and on the 12th of each month there are dancers who dance in front of the Cathedral. On the Day of Dead, flowers and crowns of paper are taken to the graves of deceased relatives; on Tuesdays of each week, there is romeria in the Rancho de Villa to venerate the Lord of Expiration.

Legends

La Stone Lisa; according to which those who are not colimenses and who slip on it are definitely left in Colima.

Traditional music

Mariachi folklore that plays regional music like: Camino Real de Colima, The Palmero., "The Waves of Cuyutlán", "The Black One"among others.

Crafts

Reproduction of pre-Columbian ceramic carved in coconut stew, carved of wood, making of equipment, wood masks, hammocks of acapán, 4-pinned hat, spider huaraches, dehydration of flowers, metalworks replenished, decorative works with corn leaf.

Popular parties

1. The holidays in honor of the Virgin of Guadalupe are held in the Cathedral of Colima from December 3 to 12 of each year.
2. The first Tuesday after the day of kings is celebrated every year, the festivals of Rancho de Villa are celebrated in honor of the Lord of Expiration.
3. On February 2, a popular feast is held in honor of the Virgin of Health.
4. On February 5th of each year, feasts are held in honor of Saint Philip of Jesus, who is the Holy Patron.
5. The holidays in honor of San José, are held on March 19th of each year.
6. On May 24th, every year the Virgin of Mary Helper is celebrated, with popular verbs and parties.
7. Our Lady of Refugio is celebrated in her honor, on the 4th of July of each year.
8. On the 24th of September the feasts are held in honor of Our Lady of Merced.
9. San Miguel is celebrated on September 29 of every year in Tepames, Colima.
10. On the 1st of November of each year, the fair of All Saints is celebrated, a festival of religious origin.

Population

Colima forms a metropolitan area together with the municipalities of Villa de Álvarez, Comala, Coquimatlán and Cuauhtémoc; and the metropolitan area has a population of 537,785 inhabitants according to data from the 2010 population census. The municipality of Colima ranks second in population growth according to CONAPO.

Adjacent towns

All the localities of this municipality, except the municipal seat, are dedicated to agriculture and livestock. Activities related to commerce and tourism are carried out in the municipal seat. It is worth mentioning in this group the localities: La Estancia, and Los Asmoles.

Tepames

It is located 21 kilometres from the municipal capital and has 2,500 inhabitants.

Lo de Villa

It is located 5 kilometres from the municipal capital, with 2,000 inhabitants.

Piscila

It is 16 kilometres from the municipal capital and has 1,300 inhabitants.

The Chanal

It is located 10 kilometres from the municipal capital and has 700 inhabitants.

Staple

It is 40 kilometres from the municipal capital and has 580 inhabitants.

Las Guásimas (Las Borregas)

It is located 15 kilometres from the municipal capital and has 516 inhabitants.

The Ortices

It is located 18 kilometres from the municipal capital and has 380 inhabitants.

Tinajas

It is located 30 kilometres from the municipal capital and has 400 inhabitants.

Loma de Juárez

It is 8 kilometres from the municipal capital and has 250 inhabitants.

Chiapa

It is located in the north of the city at 10 km and has 400 inhabitants, where the former hacienda is remodeled and attractive tourist, with great history, in the hacienda lived, in its childhood, the former governor Griselda Álvarez and Don Miguel Álvarez, and this hacienda was bought by Don Manuel Álvarez also first Governor of Colima for short time, later change of owners, the Peralta, currently the owner and tourist attraction. Chiapa is a peaceful place with the best climate in the region.

The Ocotillo

Neighbor population about 10 km north of Colima.

Urbanism

Urban layout

The urban layout within the city is mixed, it varies within the different neighborhoods and colonies that exist, in the Historic Center (not to be confused with the Downtown Zone) the Hipodámico Plan delimited by Nigromante street by the passage of the Colima River to the west, Nicolás Bravo Street to the south, Filomeno Medina to the east and Aldama to the north. The other streets in the downtown area were drawn depending on where they were planned to go or simply meaningless streets. In subdivisions built since the beginning of the century, the hypodamic line has been maintained.

The Colima-Villa de Álvarez Conurbation Zone has 5 exits, making it a star layout.

The city has three peripherals, each one built at different times, compared to the size of the city. The first is formed by the avenues San Fernando, De los Maestros, Pino Suárez, Javier Mina, 20 de Noviembre and Pedro A. Galván. The second part from Felipe Sevilla del Río, Tecnológico and Benito Juárez (the latter in the suburb of Villa de Álvarez). The last one is the so-called Third Peripheral Ring, Griselda Álvarez Peripheral, Manzanillo-Coquimatlan-Colima Bypass, Guadalajara-Manzanillo Bypass.

During the government of Elías Zamora Verduzco (1985-1991), the sidewalks on Madero street in the historic center were widened, to have more pedestrian presence and 2 lanes for traffic and one for parking. Later, with Silverio Cavazos in power, the same was done in other downtown streets, such as Santos Degollado and Ocampo.

As in other cities in the country, the "return to the center" project is being carried out, repopulating it with apartment buildings and giving it nightlife with art galleries, bars, cafes, museums and restaurants.

Important avenues and streets

The following are relevant and important for the Colima-Villa de Álvarez Conurbation Zone:

• Av. Felipe Sevilla del Río
• Av. Venustiano Carranza
• Calzada Pedro A. Galván
• Ignacio Sandoval
• Constitution
• Bulevar Camino Real
• Children Heroes of Chapultepec and Gonzalo de Sandoval connect the east with the city.
• Benito Juárez and Pablo Silva García in V.de A.
• Madero, Maclovio Herrera, Rey Coliman and Emilio Carranza connect to the center.

Roundabouts

• Glorieta Monumental "Glorieta del DIF"
• Balloon of King Colimán
• Balloon Kids Heroes.

Trade

The city of Colima has a wide range of shopping centers with national and international chains that offer services and satisfy consumer needs. Some shopping centers are:

• Plaza Colima
• Plaza San Fernando
• Zentralia Colima
• Country Square
• Plaza Sendera (Lifestyle Center) Opening on 9 September 2021

Parks and gardens

Between Colima and Villa de Álvarez there are several green areas. In this area are the most important of the Metropolitan Area.

Parks

• Hidalgo Park
• Parque Regional Metropolitano Griselda Álvarez
• Parque La Piedra Lisa
• EcoParque
• Parque La Campana(in planning)

Gardens

• Núñez Garden
• Garden Freedom
• Jardin Santa Bárbara
• Yukon Garden
• Jardin di Villa Izcalli
• Garden Juan Oseguera Velásquez
• Corrective Garden
• Friendly Garden
• Garden Gabriela Mistral
• San Francisco Garden
• Jardin Juárez
• Garden the Beaterio
• The Topocharco
• Garden of the Villa

Infrastructure

In the Colima-Villa de Álvarez metropolitan area, urban transport is managed by SINTRA (Sistema Integral de Transporte S.A. de C.V.) and SOCACOVA (Sociedad Cooperativa de Autotransportes Colima-Villa de Álvarez S.C.L.); which have a vehicle park of a total of 227 units of which 50% of units are working in each company.

Licenciado Miguel de la Madrid National Airport

Miguel de la Madrid National Airport.

Colima has the Licenciado Miguel de la Madrid National Airport, located in the municipality of Cuauhtémoc, 22 kilometers from the city. The air terminal has an area of approximately 486 hectares and its platform for commercial aviation is 13.62 hectares; it also has three positions and a track.

Media

There are 7 paid daily circulation newspapers. The local newspapers are: Avanzada, El Comentario, Colimán, Diario de Colima, Ecos de la Costa, El Mundo Desde Colima and El Noticiero. The oldest newspaper in the city is Ecos de la Costa, founded in 1927.

The city has 13 radio stations. The municipality has 6 post offices.