Coat of arms of peru
The shield of Peru is the official heraldic national symbol of Peru, which is used by the Peruvian State and other public institutions in the country.
Throughout its history, it had two national coats of arms; the first adopted October 21, 1821; the second was adopted on February 25, 1825, and modified on March 31, 1950.
Between 1836 and 1839 Peru was divided into two states: the North-Peruvian State and the South-Peruvian State, which together with the Bolivian State formed the Peru-Bolivian Confederation; the shields of the three states constituted the Coat of Arms of the Confederacy.
Description
Shield
The Peruvian shield is Polish (piel de toro) in shape, cut (horizontally in half) and semi-split (in half vertically to the center) at the top, showing three fields.
In the first quarter or right hand of the chief (upper left), light blue, a vicuña passing through, natural, outlined – looking to the left (interior of the shield). In the second barracks or left of the chief (upper right), of argen (silver), a natural quina tree. At the base (the lower field), gules (red), a gold cornucopia, oriented to the left, also spilling gold coins.
Accompaniment
At the bell bears the coat of arms a civic crown of holm oaks seen from plan. For supports, a banner without a shield and a flag on both sides.
Place in the national flag, it is accompanied by its stamp and a palm branch on the left and a laurel branch intertwined by a bicolor belt. The most common representation shows the fruity laurel branch gules (with small red berries between the leaves).
Symbolism
The fields of the shield represent the natural resources of Peru: the vicuña represents the animal kingdom; the cinchona tree (Cinchona officinalis) represents the vegetable kingdom and the cornucopia, the mineral kingdom. The crown symbolizes victory in the battles of Peru.
The cinchona tree, in danger of extinction, was important in the years when malaria (malaria) ravaged the world and the powder extracted from its bark was used to cure it.
Evolution
Provisional Arms (1821)
.png)
.jpg)
The first version of the national coat of arms of Peru was designed by General José de San Martín and approved by decree in Pisco on October 21, 1821.
It consisted of a landscape of the rising sun from the Andes seen from the sea, framed by a crown of laurel branches tied by a golden headband. Inside, against the blue background of the firmament, the yellow rays of the sun were reflected from behind imposing steep, dark brown mountain ranges that rose above the tranquility of the blue and green ocean. On the shield a banana palm tree and behind the flags of the Protectorate of Peru and the states of Chile and Rio de la Plata. He was surrounded on the left by a condor and on the right by a llama. The composition rested on a baroque base, under which was a parchment with the motto "The sun of Peru was reborn" in capital letters and on which were also some branches, flowers and the alpaca.
| Squid Flags | ||
|---|---|---|
.svg) | .svg) | .svg) |
| Flag of the Peruvian Protector | Flag of Chile | Flag of the Rio de la Plata |
The first designs were made by Francisco Javier Cortés following instructions from San Martín.
Official adoption (1825)
_-_pre_1884.svg)
On February 24, 1825, Simón Bolívar and the Constituent Congress promulgated a law that defined new national symbols, establishing a new national coat of arms, similar to the one currently used. This time it was a design by congressmen José Gregorio Paredes and Francisco Javier Cortés. The description given in the law was:
The weapons of the Peruvian Nation will consist of a shield divided into three fields: one celestial blue, to the left, which will carry a vicuña looking inside; another white, to the right, where the tree of the quina will be placed; and another lower and smaller red in which a cornucopia will be seen pouring coins, signifying with these symbols, the prices of Peru in the three natural kingdoms. The shield will have a civic crown, a plane view, and will be accompanied on each side of a flag and a banner of the national colors, indicated below.
| Alternative design | |
|---|---|
.svg) | The shield presented some difficulties in its reproduction, which originated, months after its creation, that the seals of the ministries modified the law by cutting the shield wide to comfortably design the cornucopia. |
During the Confederacy (1836-1839)
During the Peru-Bolivian Confederation, Peru was divided into two federal states, the North-Peruvian State, the South-Peruvian State, both of ephemeral existence, which constituted an egalitarian Confederation of three states with the Bolivian State. After its dissolution, the Peruvian Republic unified both States and restored the Shield of 1825.
Shield of the Peru-Bolivian Confederation
It was made up of the coats of arms of the three Member States, intertwined by a laurel:
- The Escudo del Estado Nor-Peruano: inherited the Peruvian shield of 1825.
- The Sud-Peruvian State Shield: was made up of the Sun in its lower portion, crowned by four stars representing each of its departments.
- El Escudo del Estado Boliviano: he inherited the Bolivian shield of 1826:
At its centre you will see the weapons of the Confederation, which are those of the three republics intertwined by a laurel.Basic Law of the Peruvian-Bolivian Confederation, article 37
1950 Modification
.svg)
After its establishment in 1825, the shield was slightly modified by Decree Law No. 11323, issued on March 31, 1950 by Manuel Odría, then President of the Military Government Junta.
In the aforementioned document, it is stated that the national coat of arms was cut in half and the lower space became the largest and not "the smallest" as the law of 1825 said.
Likewise, the term National Coat of Arms is added to the official lexicon.
Shields and emblems derived from the national one
Coat of arms of Peru
_alternative_version_-_pre_1884.svg)
.svg)
The shield that joins the flag to form the National Flag of Peru, and the one that appears on the reverse of the coins and the obverse of the sun bills, the Peruvian monetary unit, has a palm branch and another laurel wreaths, symbols of victory and glory, surrounding the shield instead of banners and flags. The fallen leaves on the left side of the shield symbolize mourning for the loss of Arica and Tarapacá in the War of the Pacific (1879-1884). This form was adopted as a companion to the fourth flag in the third article of the decree law issued on 25 February 1825, with the following description:
The national flag and flag shall consist of three vertical stripes the two extremes incarnated, and the white middle, in whose center the shield of the weapons will be placed with its ring, embraced by the inner part of a palm to the right and a laurel branch to the left intertwined.
On March 31, 1950, it was established that it would accompany the National Pavilion as established in Decree 11323 in its 2nd article:
The national pavilion will carry the shield with its bell and two branches, one from palm to right, and another from laurel to the left, intertwined at the bottom, and holding the shield.
Great Seal of the Peruvian State
The Great Seal of the Peruvian State is the National Coat of Arms with the circular inscription Republic of Peru at the top. Its use is mandatory in the official documentation of all state departments, placing it on the letterhead of the issued documents.
Great Seal of the Republic of Peru.
Shield of the Joint Command of the Armed Forces
It is the national coat of arms of Peru in its upper part. Its use is mandatory in the official documentation of all distributions of issued documents.
Escudo del Comando Conjunto de las Fuerzas Armadas del Perú.
Naval Shield
This shield is used only by the Peruvian Navy.
Naval shield of the Peruvian Navy.
Air Shield
This shield is used only by the Peruvian Air Force.
Peruvian Air Force Shield.
Police Shield
This shield is used only by the National Police of Peru.
Escudo de la Policía Nacional del Perú.
Contenido relacionado
Alfred Nobel
Black September (organization)
Industrial Revolution