Coacalco de Berriozabal

Coacalco de Berriozábal is a municipality in the State of Mexico, federal entity of Mexico, integrated to the northeast of the Metropolitan Zone of the Valley of Mexico. Its head is San Francisco Coacalco.

According to the characteristics of its relief, it is part of the Sierra de Guadalupe, being the only mountainous body that is located in the municipality. Due to the fact that the municipal surface presents steep slopes towards the southern part of the municipality (Sierra de Guadalupe), the intermediate zone between this zone and the López Portillo road represent the transition zone between the mountain and the lacustrine part (plain). In general, these orographic conditions allow us to appreciate a mountainous system in the southern part, with human settlements at the foot and the plain, which have been gaining ground for agricultural uses, thus consolidating the structure of human settlements in the town.

The official name of the municipality is Coacalco de Berriozábal. In memory of General Felipe de Berriozábal, his last name is added, who, being Governor of the State of Mexico, signed the decree by which Coacalco became a municipality on February 12, 1862.

Toponymy

Coacalco toponym

The word Coacalco comes from the Nahuatl language, derived from coatl: "snake", calli: "house" and co: locative "en", meaning "In the House of the Serpent".

Geography

Coacalco de Berriozábal

Hydrography

During the pre-Hispanic period, the Mexico Valley's quarry was formed by a system of lakes both of fresh and salt water. The one of Xaltocan that belonged to the Lake of Texcoco, covered with its waters parts of the current municipality of Coacalco in its lower areas, so these soils are muddy. At present there are 17 deep wells that supply drinking water to the municipality.

Climate

It is the same that predominates in the region of Cuautitlán and Texcoco; semi-dry or sub-humid temperate subtropical. As specific characteristics we can add that there is an average of 40 days a year with frost, about 650 millimeters of rain a year and it has an average annual temperature of 14 °C, with a minimum of 2 °C and a maximum of 30 °C. During the year the temperature usually varies between 6 °C and 26 °C, it is rare for the temperature to drop below 2 °C or rise above 30 °C.

Ecological reserves

Sierra de Guadalupe

Sierra de Guadalupe (Mexico)

It is located to the South of the Municipal territory and borders to the East with the Municipality of Ecatepec de Morelos, to the West with the Municipality of Tultitlan de Mariano Escobedo and to the South it borders with the Mayor's Office Gustavo A. Madero (City from Mexico). It has a territorial surface: 1,191.55 Hectares (Ha). In coordination with the Institute of Cadastral Geography of the State of Mexico (IGECEM), the Mexican Institute of Social Housing (IMEVIS) and the Municipal Urban Development Directorate, the demarcation of its limits was carried out and the adjoining private properties are reviewed.

Politics and government

Municipal Palace of Coacalco de Berriozábal

Interior of the Municipal Palace

Municipal Presidents of Coacalco de Berriozabal

Name	Period	Political Party
Florentine Saucedo	1940-1941
Celestino Maya	1942
Felipe Guerrero	1943-1945
Juan Medina	1946
Lorenzo Peña Fragoso	1946-1948
Anselmo Reyes Montoya	1949-1951
Antonio Guerrero Trejo	1952-1954
José Montoya Rodríguez	1955-1957
José Antonio Rodríguez Guerrero	1958-1960
Gregorio Luna	1961-1962
Gabriel Suárez Fragoso	1963
Reyes Medina	1964-1966
Gabriel Suarez Fragoso	1967-1969
Alfonso Cárdenas	1970-1972
Claudio Muñoz Franco	1973-1975
Ramón Del Cueto Huerta	1976-1978
Felix Chávez	1979
Juan José Ruiz	1979-1981
Ing. Arturo Álvarez Márquez	1982-1984
Ing. Juan Manuel Pérez Balbuena	1885-1987
María Luis Marina De Suarez	1988-1990
Héctor Guevara Ramírez	1991-1993
Felipe Ruíz Flores	1994-1997
Alejandro José Gamiño Palacios	1997-2000
C. Augusto Alejandro Sánchez Domínguez	2000-2003
Julieta Villalpando Riquelme	2003-2006
Mtro. David Sánchez Isidoro	2006-2009
Roberto Ruiz Moronatti	2009-2012
David Sánchez Isidoro	2013-2016
Erwin Javier Castelán Enríquez	2016-2018
Darwin Renán Eslava Gamiño	2019-2021
David Sánchez Isidoro	2022-2024

Economy

The economy of Coacalco de Berriozábal has changed in the last 30 years, from being a city with an industrial tendency, it is increasing to one of commercial and industrial importance. The arrival of large groups of people to the population centers has caused the city to abandon its agricultural vocation. Based on education levels, per capita income and life or health expectations, Coacalco is considered among the 20 municipalities with the highest Human Development Index, according to a study by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP).

Population growth in Coacalco.

San Rafael Coacalco

The history of the municipality remains without major changes, until the 70s, since before, it was made up of small towns and ranches, when the enormous urbanization around Mexico City reached the municipality. Internal development also contributed to expansion, such as the construction of subdivisions such as Villa de las Flores (in 1966), Parque Residencial Coacalco (in 1969), Héroes Coacalco (in 2001), and housing units such as Lomas de Coacalco, Granjas Cor and San Rafael among others.

Today, the municipality is fully integrated into the metropolitan area of Mexico City, and has considerable commercial activity.

The arrival of large contingents of people has raised the quality of life of the population, because they need various services, such as hospitals, schools, shopping centers. Wealthy upper-middle-class families settled in the then (1970) recently created Parque Residencial Coacalco subdivision, thereby raising the standard of living in the municipality.

Main access to Villa de las Flores, Coacalco

Along the Vía José López Portillo within its territory, there are 5 large shopping centers, not counting those located in the various neighborhoods, which has benefited the population of Coacalco, not only for having places to buy and have fun, but for the job creation that this generates.

Among its communities there are different social and economic levels, popular and lower middle class areas such as El Potrero, San Rafael and El Olivo, middle class such as: Loma Bonita, Villa de las Manzanas, Los Héroes and the upper middle class such as subdivisions: Villa de las Flores, Residential Park and Bosques de Coacalco.

Tourism

The hotel offer is vast within the municipality, due to the influx of primary roads and industrial zones, Coacalco de Berriozábal has served as a leisure and entertainment center.

Coacalco Square

Located at Vía José López Portillo No. 220, San Francisco Coacalco, CP. 55714, State of Mexico. Open from 7:00 a.m. to 12:00 a.m.

It has services such as:

• Cinema

• Area of games and activities for children

• Departmental Shop

• Banks

• Restaurants

• Clothing and shoe stores

• Plaza de la tecnología

Coacalco Power Center

Located on Vía José López Portillo S/N, Rancho La Palma, CP. 55717 Coacalco de Berriozabal, State of Mexico.

Some of the services it has are:

• Supermarket

• Ice cream

• Banks

• Cinema

• Central Fun

• Drying

• Restaurants

• Clothing and footwear stores

Flores Square

Located at Vía López Portillo no. 105 col. Zacuautitla, Coacalco de Berriozabal municipality CP 55700, State of Mexico

Offering services such as:

• Supermarket

• Fast food section

• Fashion stores

• Cinema

• Departmental stores

• Banks

Zentralia Square

Located at Vía José López Portillo 145, La Magdalena 2, CP 55715, San Francisco Coacalco, State of Mexico

It has some services such as:

• Cinema

• Coffee shop

• Restaurants

• Antros

Cosmopol Shopping Centre

Located at Vía José López Portillo 1, Santa María Coacalco, State of Mexico

It has some services such as:

• Cinema

• Coffee shop

• Restaurants

• Gourmet Terrace

• Department stores

• Bank

• Boutiques

• Giant screen

• Forum

Infrastructure

Telecommunications

Coacalco has communication services such as radio, printed or written media: newspapers, magazines, postcards; audiovisual: cinema and television; multimedia: internet, digital television and the currently inaugurated Mexibus network. As well as a radio station that transmits to part of the Valley of Mexico.

Transportation

Public transport

There are various means of transportation that connect the municipality with Mexico City and metropolitan areas of the State of Mexico such as buses, minibuses, and taxis.

Mexibús

On January 12, 2015, line 2 of the Mexibus of the Bicentennial TransMexiquense System was inaugurated, a mass transportation system similar to the Mexico City Metrobús, operated with articulated buses that will circulate in exclusive lanes along the road José López Portillo (the largest avenue in the municipality) with the route La Quebrada - Plaza las Américas, thus connecting the municipalities of Tultitlán, Coacalco and Ecatepec.

Cars

Route 05

• San Bartolo - Villa of the flowers Granjas

• San Bartolo - San Cristobal

• Metro Toreo - Villa de las Flores Granjas

• Metro Toreo - Izcalli Farms

• Metro Chapultepec - Villa de las Flores 1.a

• Metro Toreo - Villa de las Flores Mercado 1.a

Route 27 in its two main branches

Route 44

• San Bartolo - San Cristobal
• CCH Naucalpan - Residential Park
• Green Indian Metro - Residential Park

• Metro Moctezuma - Villa of flowers (E.T.I.)

• Metro Moctezuma - Heroes Coacalco

Route 68

• Metro La Raza - Villa de las Flores in its 3 Sections

• Metro La Raza - Izcalli Farms

• Metro La Raza - Prados Laguna

Buses:

• Green Indian Metro - Prados Laguna

• Green Indian Metro - San Rafael Eje 8

• Green Indian Metro - Villa de las Flores Granjas

• Green Indian Metro - Heroes Coacalco

• Green Indian Metro - Ejidal.

• Martin - Heroes Coacalco

• Metro El Rosario - Villa de las Flores Granjas

• Metro El Rosario - San Cristobal

• Metro Ciudad Azteca - Villa de las Flores

• Metro Ecatepec - Ejidal.

• Metro Ecatepec - Jalatlaco

Roads

Viality López Portillo in Coacalco, Edoméx.

Being close to Mexico City, the municipality of Coacalco has experienced a tremendous increase in the number of inhabitants (more than 100,000 in the last decade). The foregoing generates an imbalance between the needs of the new settlers, and the services provided by the government; In particular, it is the main roads, such as the Vía José López Portillo, which are overwhelmed by the number of vehicles that cross this territory daily (it serves as a passage between Mexico City and the northern area of the Metropolitan Area)..

For this reason, infrastructure works have been built, such as two vehicular bridges over the Vía José López Portillo and the alternate road known as Vía Mexiquense that connects the municipalities of Ecatepec, Cuautitlán Izcalli, Coacalco and Tultitlán, considerably improving vehicular circulation.

These works, in addition to providing a modern and urban image to Coacalco together with the large number of shopping centers that have been opened in the vicinity of the municipality, provide its inhabitants with more entertainment areas, and new sources of local work, that avoid the transfer of a large number of people to Mexico City, which for decades has been the area where Coacalquenses go to work daily.

In a continuous effort to rehabilitate, maintain, and reconfigure the municipal structure and services, 38 streets with a total surface area of 22,000 linear meters have been repaved, such as Manuel Morelos Avenue; roads such as Hank González in the municipal seat with an extension of 2km; Avenida del Parque from Vía López Portillo to Sierra de Guadalupe; Almaratos in Villa de las Flores, Carlo Picardo Cruz street (Known as "Eje 8") and as a last example, Aldama street in San Lorenzo that has stopped being a dirt road to be currently paved in a total, among other works that have been completed in 2012 for the benefit of all the inhabitants of said Entity.

Via José López Portillo

Av. López Portillo Nocturna

In its creation, it was just a simple road that had two lanes in opposite directions, being the only communication between Querétaro and Hidalgo. It currently has four lanes in each direction, of which two (one in each direction) are used by the Mexibús urban transport service. In the first phase, this collective transport reaches the ravine from the Americas (Ecatepec) and in its final stage to the town of San Bartolo, in Naucalpan. The first phase was inaugurated on March 2, 2015. It is one of the main avenues of the State of Mexico.

Circuito Exterior Mexiquense Highway

Alternate road to the Río de los Remedios-Ecatepec highway and the Vía José López Portillo that allows the interconnection between the municipalities of Cuautitlán Izcalli, Tultitlán, Tultepec, Coacalco and Ecatepec. It has a construction of 18.4 km, and is part of a network of works that are currently carried out in the Cuautitlán-Texcoco Valley, which also includes the Circuito Exterior Mexiquense and the highway "Río de los Remedios-Ecatepec& #34;, with the express purpose of lightening the road load that afflicts the other roads.

Education

Higher Secondary Level Institutions

In the municipality there are higher secondary education institutions that deserve special mention, such as:

• Centro de Bachillerato Tecnológico Industrial y de Servicios No 133 "Dr. Manuel Velasco Suárez" CBtis 133.
• Centro de Bachillerato Tecnológico María Luisa Marina de Suárez, Coacalco.
• College of Scientific and Technological Studies of the State of Mexico (CECyTEM) Coacalco.
• Colegio Nacional de Educación Profesional Técnica, Plantel Coacalco.
• Official Preparatory School No. 52.
• Official Preparatory School No. 99.- With the Eleventh State Place and 74% of graduates, they are higher (university) students.
• Official Preparatory School No. 137.
• Official Preparatory School No. 170.
• New NET Technological School of the few private institutions to credit the liaison test.
• Official Preparatory Attached to the Normal of Coacalco.
• Coacalco Regional Preparatory.
• Advanced Education Institute.
• Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Hispano (Medium upper and upper level).

Higher Level Institutions

Public

The municipality has only one public higher education institution.

• Technology for Higher Studies of Coacalco (TESCo).
• Coacalco Normal School (founded in 1974) which has obtained:
  • First place in the general review of knowledge carried out at primary-level training institutions by CENEVAL in the years 2005, 2006 at the state and national levels.
  • Second place at national level and first at state level for 2007
  • In 2008 and 2009, it highlights its participation in the first three places at the national and state levels.
  • within this educational center is generated the March Youth Band of the Normal School

Private

• Centro Universitario Valle de Anáhuac - Campús Coacalco
• The Americas Institute.
• Centro de Estudios Agustiniano "Fray Andrés de Urdaneta" (FADU).
• Colegio Del Alba.
• Colegio Villa de las Flores
• Indonesian College.
• Colegio Independencia (first school of the municipality)
• Corporate University Mexico
• School of Traffic and Customs Processing
• University Model
• Tepeyac Institute
• University of the Three Cultures
• Universidad del Valle de México. It is located in the facilities that some years ago belonged to the Hispanic American College, which for a long time was one of the few school institutions that included in its package from basic education to higher education.
• ETAC University
• Icel University
• Universidad Lucerna
• New Technological School (NET)
• ZAMA School Centre
• National College of Education (CNE)
• Centro Educativo Empresarial (CEEM)
• Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de Educación de México (ITAEM)
• Mexican School of Professional Education (EMEP)

Culture and heritage

The city has more than 230 schools, 5 public libraries and a house of culture, where various exhibitions of cultural and educational quality are presented. This municipality has various festivals and anniversaries, including:

Architecture

Parish of San Francisco de Assisi

Mural de Ariosto Otero

Parish of Saint Francis of Assisi

The construction of the temple began in 1580 and it is estimated that construction was finished at the beginning of the 17th century; In its walls, reused stones can be seen that belonged to a previous construction, surely from the pre-Hispanic group explained above. The temple is delimited by a large fence in which we find manifestations of popular art such as the stations of the cross or sundial. The portal of the façade and the tower combine the late Baroque and the early neoclassical. Inside we find the image of San Francisco de Asís and a large number of paintings, all from the 17th century.

In the upper choir you can see an Iberian-style organ, from an anonymous builder in 1791, recently restored by the Mexican master organ builder Eduardo Bribiesca, the organ is currently under the ownership of the Mexican organist Víctor Contreras.

Municipal Palace

The municipal office building has leaded stained glass windows and a 172 m² mural called "Historia y Símbolos Patrios", both by renowned artist Ariosto Otero. In addition, the room for former presidents has photographs of all the mayors in the history of the entity. In the council room is the act signed by General Felipe Berriozábal in which the creation of the municipality is provided.

Dividing the area of the municipal presidency and the square is the monument erected in honor of General Felipe Berriozábal. Outside the municipal auditorium is the mural of Maestro Tlacaelle which shows, from his perspective, the importance of Coacalco in ancient Mexico. The municipal archive is located in the Casa de Cultura. This building also has the distinction of having served as the first municipal presidency. In the church of Magdalena Huizachitla the painting "Arcángel Baraquiel" of the famous painter Cristóbal de Villalpando.

The patronal festival is celebrated in honor of San Francisco de Asís in the months of September and October, where you can enjoy religious, cultural, sports and mechanical games events.

Festivities

• February 12: Anniversary of the erection of the municipality.

• May 24: In memory of the arrival of the "surfaced" to Coacalco in the 1950s. They set up a big party with regional importance. Xolotl hill was called “Auxiliary Mary”. It is customary to throw colorful pyrotechnic fires for 26 years.

• July 22: Patron Festival of the "La Magdalena" community.

• August 10: Patron Festival of the community of "San Lorenzo Mártir".

• October 4th: San Francisco Day of Assisi, patronal feast of the municipal head. It is still characteristic of the parishioner's stewardship. This party is accompanied by the exhibition of Coacalco, where there are handicrafts, industrial and gastronomic exhibitions, as well as colorful artistic and cultural shows. The following Monday of the patron saint's feast is the "Comida de la Amistad", which is an ecclesiastical feast where the typical dishes of the population are served.

• December 12: Festival of the community of "Parque Residencial Coacalco".

Holy Week in San Lorenzo Tetíxtlac

There is a representation with living paintings of the passion of Christ and the streets where the route of the Via Crusis is made are decorated with sawdust rugs with motifs alluding to Lent and the towns that La Magdalena Huizachitla and San Lorenzo participate with a tradition of more than four generations. It should be noted that the sawdust decoration began to be used approximately 5 years ago; after having copied said tradition of the municipality of Tultepec, where every year they make use of said ornaments, in offering to different patron saint festivities; such as the tour of the child god (every December 24).

Atole Fair October 13 and 14

Atole Coacalco Fair

Instituted as such in December 1990. With it, it has been intended to rescue an old tradition of Coacalco, in which people who needed to spend the night in the region, as this is the obligatory step, the next day they were invited to drink, instead of coffee, a jar of atole, which could be honey water, chile atole or sweetened with piloncillo. This event originated in the EJIDAL CANUTO LUNA neighborhood. It became very famous for which they decided that it would be part of the Coacalco patronal fair, which is celebrated the first days of October in honor of San Francisco de Asís. Currently, this tradition continues and you can find a wide variety of flavors there, from the best known to the strangest and most innovative, such as the "tequila" atole. Many people congregate in this festivity and this contributes tourism to the entity and leaves an important economic benefit. This activity is also characterized by providing a family atmosphere and coexistence among its attendees. Atole is a pre-Hispanic drink that comes from Nahuatl, (atolli, watered down, from Alt agua and diminutive tol), Known as atol, it is a drink that in its original form is the cooking of sweet corn in water, at the end of cooking it has a moderate viscosity and is served hot. The Aztecs prepared it by boiling corn dough until thickened, seasoned with cocoa, chili peppers and honey. The Spaniards modified the drink using milk and from there the champurrado was born, that is beaten to give it a foamy consistency and that is sweetened with piloncillo. The atole is accompanied with bread or tamales

The San José Fair

This fair is celebrated in the month of March, in the San José I and San José II units in Villa de las Flores 1st Section. It is a devotion to Saint Joseph. It is customary to perform a communal mass and followed by a lick proposed by the residents of each unit for all those attending the celebration. The community is also organized for the rental of a fair of mechanical games for all those who enjoy this type of fun. It is held annually on March 19.

Sierra de Guadalupe

First image of the Serpent silhouette on the Sierra de Guadalupe from Los Heroes, Coacalco

Located between the municipalities of Ecatepec, Coacalco, Tultitlán and Tlalnepantla, it offers a rich variety of flora and fauna; It is one of the most important areas for water collection and air filtration of pollutants in the area, which is why it is considered one of the lungs of Mexico City. In the state of Mexico there are 14 surveillance booths manned "day and night" by 28 people. It has a group of volunteers called veredeando, which is in charge, among other things, of various night walks, taking pictures, reforestation in various areas of the mountains, and support in the control of forest fires. Various activities can be carried out, such as athletics, rappelling, family recreation, mountain biking, etc. For those who are lovers of the beauties of nature, this is one of the best options since there is a majesty of landscapes, which allow us to capture from the smallest details, to the impressive view of the mountains located in this area. The special spaces for family recreation are located 20 minutes from the most important road in Coacalco, La Vía López Portillo; where there are children's games, gym equipment and grills in palapas, which prevent the generation of forest fires, the entrance to the public is from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. On the summer solstice you can see the silhouette of a snake coming out of Coacalco over the Sierra de Guadalupe, it is believed that the ancestors named it like this "In the House of the Serpent".

Sports

Acuasol Sports Center.

Publics

• Deportivo Villa de las Flores: At present the sport is abandoned, previously had a walkway, pool, exercise equipment.

• Deportivo de San Rafael: equipped with pool whose measures and characteristics are those of an Olympic pool. As a municipal property, income quotas are very accessible.

International relations

Twinnings

The city of Coacalco de Berriozábal is twinned with the following cities around the world:

• Valle de Chalco Solidaridad, Mexico (2012).
• Tangamandapio, Mexico (2019)

Agreements

Coacalco de Berriozábal has specific cooperation agreements, whose objective is to establish activities, in order to facilitate the execution of the agreement. These agreements are entered into because the signatory parties focus cooperation specifically to strengthen complementary areas such as tourism, government, security, etc. The agreements that the city has are with the following cities around the world: