Chagatai Khanate

The Chagatai Khanate (Mongolian: Цагадайн улс Tsagadai Khan Uls / Цагадайн улс) was a Turkic Khanate -Mongol ruled by Chagatai Khan (second son of Genghis Khan), by his descendants and successors. Initially it was considered a part of the Mongol Empire, but later it became completely independent.

At its height in the 13th century century, the Khanate stretched across central Asia from the Amu Darya River, south of the Aral Sea (the so-called Transoxiana) to the Altai Mountains, on the current border between Mongolia and China. The capital was at Almarij, near the modern city of Gulja (or Yining), in western Sinkiang.

The Khanate continued in one form or another from 1220 until the late 17th century, although the western part of the Khanate it was lost to Timur in the 1360s. The eastern part remained under the rule of Chagatai's successors, who were sometimes allies of Timur's successors but at other times went to war with them. Finally, in the 17th century, the remaining domains of the Chagatai Khanate fell under the rule of the Khojas, a clan of the East Turkestan.

The Chagatai Khanate after 1241

On the death of Chagatai, in 1241, the territory he controlled, called Ulus or Chagatai Khanate, passed into the hands of his relative Kaidu, who fought against the Great Kublai Khan due to the turn towards Chinese culture that the latter promoted, instead of retaining Mongolian traditions. Upon Kaidu's death, the Ulús returned to the hands of his descendants.

Between 1334 and 1344, serious disorders in the Khanate led to its division into two separate regions: Moghulistan, also known as the Eastern Chagatai Khanate, and the Ulus Chagatai.

In 1369, Tamerlane conquered the Chagatai Khanate in an attempt to rebuild the Mongol Empire.

Khans of Chagatai

• Chagatai Kan (1228-1242)
• Qara Hülegü (son of the former) (1242-1246)
• Yesu Mongke (brother) (1246-1251)
• Qara Hulagu (second period) (1251-1254)
• Mubarak Shah (son) (1254-1260), converted to Islam
• Arghanah Jatun (regent) (1254-1260)
• Alghun (daughter of Chagatai) (1260-1263 or 1264)
• Mubarak Shah (second period) (1263 or 1264)
• Giyat al-Din Baraq (1264-1271)
• Quiqpei (daughter of Chagatai) (1271-1272)
• Buka Timur (bisnieto de Chagatai) (1272-1274)
• Tuva (son of Baraq) (1291-1306 or 1307)
• Kondjek (son) (1306 or 1307-1308)
• Taliqu Kizr Jan (1308-1309)
• Kebek (son of Tuwa) (1309)
• Esen Buqa I (1309-1318)
• Kebek (second period) (1318-1326)
• Eljigitei (brother) (1326-1330)
• Buzan (nate of Tuva) (1330)
• Dura Timur (brother) (1330-1332)
• Al-Din Tarmashirin (brother) (1332-1334)

Western Chagatai Khanate

• Changshi (1334-1338)
• Yesun Timur (1338-1342)
• Ali Sultan (1338-1342)
• Muhammad I ibn Pulad (1342-1343)
• Qazan Jan ibn Yasaur (1343-1346)
• Danishmendi (1346-1348)
• Bayan Quli (1348-1358)
• Shah Timur (1358)
• Tughluq Timur (from Mogulistan 1348-1363) (1358-1363)
• Ilyas Khodja (from Mogulistán 1363-1368) (1363-1368)
• Adil Sultan (1363)
• Jabul Shah (1364-1370)
• Suurgatmish (1370-1388)
• Sultan Mahmud (Mohammed II) (1388-1402), succeeded by the timids.

Khanate of Qaidu

• Qaidu (1262-1301/1303)
• Chapar (1301/1303-1306)