Caylloma Province
The province of Caylloma is one of the eight that make up the department of Arequipa in southern Peru.
It borders to the north with the department of Cuzco, to the east with the department of Puno, to the south with the province of Arequipa and to the west with the province of Castilla.
Capital
The capital of the province is the city of Chivay.
Administrative division
The province covers an area of 14,019.46 square kilometers and is divided into 20 districts.
On December 21, 1999, the new district of Majes was created, designating the populated center El Pedregal as its capital, elevated to the category of Villa and made up of territories dismembered from the districts it occupied in the provinces of Caylloma, Camaná and Castile.
Etymology of the name “Caylloma”
Currently there are no precise data or reports regarding the origin of the word Caylloma, but the most accepted opinion is that it is of Quechua origin derived from the words "Cay Ayllu Huma" which means Head of Ayllu and that's how it was founded at that time.
History
Pre–Inca Period
In pre-Inca times, it is said that there were 3 kinds of people who were distinguished by their language and their clothing, the Collaguas, the Cabanas, and the Tapay (due to their geographical location, they were self-sufficient, neutral, and the most peaceful, an ethnic group almost isolated was the Switzerland of those times).
The Collaguas that occupied the eastern part of the Colca river basin, which includes the inhabitants of the district of Caylloma, what is today the provinces of Espinar, Chumbivilcas, are said to be bellicose and warlike people, and the inhabitants of the lower parts now the districts of Callalli, Chivay, Yanque, Achoma, Maca, Sibayo, Tuti, Coporaque, Ichupampa, Lari Madrigal, more peaceful, since those from the heights continually fought with the more hard-working agricultural peoples, these were lovers of parties and amusements, little greedy and timid.
The cabanas occupied the western zone of the basin of the same river, there was an intense commercial exchange through barter with all the eastern towns, they were privileged because they produced a special type of corn that was highly required as at present, each town It had its strength in the type of product they had as a result of the ecological soil in which they were located.
Historian Dr. José de la Riva Agüero says about it: The province of Caylloma was invaded in the pre-Inca period by the Velille side and the Colaguata snow-capped mountain, defeating the natives and expelling them from the territory to later stay in them; They penetrated from the northeast and from there they spread to the areas of Lucanas and Chocorbos.
Inca times
In Inca times, according to historians, it was the Inca Mayta Cápac who came from Cusco, informed that in the region of the Cabanas and Kollaguas, very wealthy and well-populated and hard-working towns settled, arriving first at Coporaque and in that town he fell in love with Mama Yachi and she asked him as a union requirement to build her a great palace and a bridge to go across to Chimpa (now Chivay), in honor of this a great copper house was built for the Incas to live in. They organized their government in ayllus or partialities.
Caylloma was formerly located in a place called “Maucacaylloma”, which means “Old Caylloma” very close to Cuchu Capilla, about 35 km from the current district capital. There are numerous ruins such as sheds, cobbled streets and perfectly outlined, are the famous gold and silver mines that Caylloma still exploits.
Colonial period
According to the data, in colonial times the conqueror was Francisco Pizarro, in 1547 and 1560 the Franciscan missionaries arrived together with Gonzalo Pizarro with the order to Christianize the Collaguas where they built and founded churches.
Due to the importance of the famous mines of the Caylloma district, on June 3, 1565, it was made a separate province, but with the name of Collagua. In 1631 it was declared the capital of the province of Caylloma due to the discovery of the mines.
During the viceroyalty, the main mining site for silver, gold and lead was Caylloma, silver was extracted in large quantities with the exploitation and death of the Indians.
In 1666 the Spanish built the bridge over the Apurimac River that is currently used, since the Caylloma - Arequipa highway passes through it and is also used by the Caylloma, Arcata, Orcopampa, Chila mines, etc.
Age of Emancipation
At the dawn of emancipation, the people of Caylloma actively participated in mutinying against the Spanish, fighting some battles on the banks of the Hornillas River.
Authorities
Regionals
- Regional advisers
- 2019 - 2022
- Jeymi Natividad Flores Quicaña (Arequipa - United for the Great Change)
- Ronal Veto Bernal Huarca (Arequipa - United by the Great Change)
Municipals
- 2019 - 2022
- Mayor: Alvaro Cáceres Llica, from Arequipa - United for the Great Change.
- Regivers:
- Paul Gustavo Pictures Portugal (Arequipa - United by the Great Change)
- Pedro Toribio Churo Capira (Arequipa - United by the Great Change)
- Bibiano Quispe Cayllahua (Arequipa - United for the Great Change)
- Jerika María del Pilar Cacya Oviedo (Arequipa - United for Great Change)
- Enma Frine Taco Cahuana (Arequipa - United for the Great Change)
- Osías Willington Ortiz Ibáñez (Arequipa - United for the Great Change)
- Waldimiro Flavio Cayani Valcárcel (Arequipa - United by Great Change)
- Fredy Ernán Quispe Ydme (Fuerza Arequipeña)
- Jenry Federico Huisa Calapuja (Fuerza Arequipeña)
- Paulino Wilfredo Vilca Vilca (Arequipa Renace)
- Julio César Santander Gallegos (Arequipa Transformación)
Festivities
Caylloma Turks Festival and more , the Tinca de alpaca festival: Livestock ritual of the hamlet of