Caryophyllales
Caryophyllales is an order of angiosperm plants. This very heterogeneous order includes cacti, certain carnivorous plants, amaranths, chard, spinach, bougainvillea, among the most representative taxa and species. Most of their families (except Caryophyllaceae and Molluginaceae) produce betalains.
Although its circumscription is quite disputed in the case of some groups, it comes essentially from molecular analysis rather than from morphological characters.
It contains 33 families, 692 genera, and 11,155 species.
In current classification systems such as the APG IV of 2016, it includes the following families:
- Family Achatocarpaceae
- Family Aizoaceae
- Family Anacampserotaceae
- Family Ancistrocladaceae
- Family Asteropeiaceae
- Amaranthaceae Family
- Family Barbeuiaceae
- Family Basellaceae
- Family Cactaceae
- Family Caryophyllaceae
- Family Didiereaceae
- Family Dioncophyllaceae
- Family Droseraceae
- Family Drosophyllaceae
- Family Frankeniaceae
- Family Gisekiaceae
- Family Halophytaceae
- Family Kewaceae
- Family Limeaceae
- Family Lophiocarpaceae
- Family Macarthuriaceae
- Family Microteaceae
- Family Molluginaceae
- Family Montiaceae
- Family Nepenthaceae
- Family Nyctaginaceae
- Family Petiveriaceae
- Family Physenaceae
- Family Phytolaccaceae
- Family Plumbaginaceae
- Family Polygonaceae
- Family Portulacaceae
- Family Rhabdodendraceae
- Family Sarcobataceae
- Family Stegnospermataceae
- Family Simmondsiaceae
- Family Talinaceae
- Family Tamaricaceae
Diagnostic characters
According to APG III, the diagnostic characters to identify the order Caryophyllales are:
- Mostly herbaceous.
- They don't form mycorrhizals.
- Gineceo sometimes unilocular with central placentation.
- Filled dust.
- Betalains or anthocyanins.
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