Carmona

Carmona is a Spanish city and municipality in the province of Seville, in Andalusia. It belongs to the Campiña de Carmona region, although geographically it is also framed within the Los Alcores region. The population in 2020 was 28,834 inhabitants.

Geography

Integrated into the Campiña de Carmona region, of which it is the capital, it is located 34 kilometers from the capital of Seville. The municipal area is crossed by the Autovía del Sur A-4 between pK 490 and 523, in addition to the regional roads A-380 , which communicates with Marchena, A-398 , which connects to Alcalá de Guadaíra, A-457 , heading to Lora del Río, and A-462 , which allows communication with Brenes.

The relief of the term does not present excessive morphological contrasts, although three different landscapes can be distinguished: Los Alcores, la Vega and las Terrazas.

The Alcores area has a relatively high relief, over 200 meters above sea level, conditioned by a resistant lithology of calcareous sands that define a gentle slope in a northeast-southwest direction, from Carmona to Alcalá de Guadaíra, hiding to the west under the stepped terraces on the left bank of the Guadalquivir. The Alcores are delimited to the north by the alluvial deposits of the Guadalquivir that form the terraces, to the east by the alluvial plain of the Corbones river, to the south by the Vega de Carmona and to the west by the Guadaíra river. The Vega de Carmona is a plain limited to the northeast by the Corbones River and to the southwest by the Guadaira River. The Guadalquivir River runs through the northeast of the territory, bordering Alcolea del Río and giving rise to a wide alluvial plain, with greater development on its left bank. Above this level and up to the western edge of the Alcores, the area of the Terraces extends, giving it a rather flattened appearance, since the levels between them are not very pronounced.

The highest elevation corresponds to the location of the Alcázar del Rey Don Pedro, at 257 meters above sea level. The lowest point is reached at 25 meters above sea level on the banks of the Guadalquivir. The city stands 248 meters above sea level.

Neighboring municipalities

Northwest: Brenes	North: Cantillana, Villanueva del Río y Minas, Alcolea del Río and Lora del Río	Northeast: La Campana
West: La Rinconada, Alcalá de Guadaíra and Seville		This: Sources of Andalusia
Southwest The Viso del Alcor and Mairena del Alcor	South: Alcalá de Guadaíra y Arahal	Sureste: Marchena y Paradas

Demographics

The vast majority of the population is concentrated in the main nucleus, called Carmona (23,134 inhabitants in 2015). The rest are found in various population centers of the municipal area.

Climate

Carmona has a Mediterranean climate and has a spring with irregular and abundant rainfall. The temperatures in this season are pleasant, although at the beginning of it (April) there can be slight frosts. In the month of May, the minimum is around 8 °C and the maximum is 24 °C-25 °C. The summer season is quite long and you can enjoy many hours of light while it is somewhat hot, although with cool lows around 13 °C-14 °C.

In autumn, average temperatures range from a minimum of 11 °C in October to more frequent frosts at the end of November and December, with abundant rainfall. The maximums are between 24 °C in October and barely 10 °C in November and December, followed by a winter with cold temperatures and frequent frosts due to its altitude, with values that sometimes reach -5 °C or -6 °C minimum. The absolute minimum temperature recorded by the Agroclimatic Station of the Junta de Andalucía in the period 2000-2009 is -9.4 °C, on January 28, 2005.

History of Carmona

Entry of King Peter's Alcazar.

The city has been fortified because Los Alcores, La Vega and Las Terrazas could be watched from its position.

Walk of the Statute.

He was originally called Carmo. It has been populated for more than 5000 years. It was possibly one of the most fortified cities in the kingdom of Tartessos. Later the Phoenicians settled, who dedicated themselves to working precious metals. The place, like the rest of the region, was invaded by Carthage. The Puerta de Sevilla preserves parts that are from the Carthaginian stage.

The city participated with the Roman Julius Caesar in the uprising of Later Hispania. About this city he said: & # 34; Carmona is by far the strongest city in the entire province of Bética & # 34; (in Latin Carmo, quae est longe firmissima totius provinciae civitas). As a gesture of gratitude for his support, Julio César bequeathed to the city the status of municipality and the right to mint money.

In the current Plaza de San Fernando there was a Roman forum with Corinthian columns and their respective Corinthian capitals. This forum could be reached by the old Via Augusta. One of the most notable Roman remains is the Necropolis of Carmona, from around the I century.

Puerta de Sevilla

The Picacho.

Puerta de Córdoba.

After the Muslim invasion of the 8th century century, it became the capital of one of the Taifa kingdoms. It was reconquered in 1247 by Ferdinand III the Saint, who repopulated it and endowed it with its own jurisdiction. The Castilian monarch Pedro I turned the town into one of his favorite residences and carried out improvement works in the fortress. In 1630 Felipe IV granted Carmona the title of city.

The Alcázar del Rey Don Pedro (also known as Alcázar de Arriba) was converted into a National Parador in 1976. At the end of the century XX the Municipal Archeology Service was created to carry out excavations, conservation actions and studies. In 1997, together with the University of Seville, it organized the I Carmona History Congress. Subsequent editions of this congress have been held every several years. This service is also linked to the Museum and Interpretation Center of the City, which is It is located in the Palace of the Marqués de las Torres.

At the beginning of the Spanish civil war, Carmona tried to be taken over by a company of regulars but they were unsuccessful and the Defense Committee, formed after learning of the victory of the coup d'état in July 1936 in Seville, took a series of reprisals ―16 right-wingers were arrested and one was killed while trying to escape―. When the town was finally occupied by the rebel forces, the threat issued by General Queipo de Llano came true: on the first day alone, twelve residents were murdered, including Civil Guard lieutenant Rafael Martín Cerezo who had joined the Defense Committee.. In the following four months, 201 men and 16 women were executed without trial in "application of the war side".

The city of Carmona is paradigmatic for Andalusian archeology for having been a pioneer in archaeological research, more than 130 years ago, and having continued to maintain that investigative drive to this day. Its archaeological record is a very representative sample of the historical events that occurred in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula, which is why many of the archaeological actions carried out entailed a new twist in the knowledge of our history.

The oldest lottery office in Spain is located in Carmona. Its license dates from 1763. In 1928 Bernardo Enrique Cerezo won a million pesetas in the National Lottery, who used this money to build a theater. The Cerezo Theater was completed in 1934.

Economy

Carmona and the entire area of Los Alcores constitute an important source of blue and gray marls that have traditionally been used for the manufacture of adobes and for pottery. The locality is crossed by a vein of sedimentary rock with which albero is produced, which is used to pave roads and for bullrings. The extraction of albero has traditionally occurred in Carmona, Alcalá de Guadaíra and Dos Hermanas. The yellowish rock is extracted from open-air quarries and crushed in mills.

Carmona has 63,905 ha of arable crops, of which 2,167 ha are cotton and 30,600 ha are sunflower. It has 14,413 ha of woody crops, of which 4,795 ha are table olive groves.

Evolution of outstanding municipal debt

Carmona City Council's Living Debt Development Graphic between 2008 and 2019

Living debt of Carmona City Council in thousands of Euros according to data from the Ministry of Finance and Ad. Public.

Heraldry

In the center of the shield is an "azur escutcheon" with a silver star, and around the escutcheon a "silver border" which leads in "letras de azur" the Latin phrase: Sicut Lucifer lucet in Aurora ita in Vandalia Carmon (in Spanish "As the Lucero shines in the Aurora, so in Vandalia [Andalusia] Carmona"). phrase is attributed to Fernando III.

Municipal administration

I'm looking for Curro Elías.

The last mayor of the Second Republic period was Curro Elías, who was named Favorite Son of the town in 2010. During the Franco regime, Blas Olivero Caballos, Francisco Ojeda Montero and Luis Zabala would be mayors.

Mayors after 1979

• 1979-1987: José Luis Balboa Gómez (PSOE).
• 1987-1991: Michelangelo Caro Yusta (PSOE).
• 1991-1994: José Aurelio García Naveiro (PSOE).
• 1994-1995: Enrique Rivas Gómez (PSOE).
• 1995-2007: Sebastián Martín Recio (IULV-CA).
• 2007-2011: Antonio Cano Luis (PSOE).
• 2011-current: Juan Ávila Gutiérrez (PP).

Featured Places

The Government declared a historic complex in 1963 to "the area included within the walled enclosure of the city of Carmona" and declared historic-artistic monuments to "the hermitages of San Mateo and San Antón, the church and tower of San Pedro, the convent of La Concepción, the remains of the Via Augusta and its bridge".

It has a museum and an archaeological area where there was a Roman necropolis. Inside the necropolis the main tombs are those of Sirvilia and that of the Elephant. Remains of the Via Augusta and small Roman Bridge are preserved. A Roman amphitheater is also preserved. In a certain way, as the walls were used by all the civilizations that settled in the city, the walls that are preserved are also Roman heritage, later modified.

Within the defensive architecture, it has the Alcázar del Rey Don Pedro (converted into a hostel), the Puerta de Sevilla (fortified as a small fortress), the Puerta de Córdoba and the Torre del Picacho.

There are several palace-houses, such as those of the Marqués de las Torres (now the City Museum), Don Alonso Bernal Escamilla, the Aguilar family, the Domínguez family, the Rueda family and the Lasso family. Another monumental civil building is the Cerezo theater, built in 1934.

There is a large religious immovable heritage. It has the convents of La Concepción, Trinidad, Santa Ana, Las Descalzas, Madre de Dios and Santa Clara. Regarding temples, there are the hermitage of San Mateo, the hermitage of San Antón, the hermitage of Nuestra Señora de Gracia, the church of San Pedro, the church of Santa María de la Asunción, the church of Divino Salvador, the church of San Bartolomé, the church of San Blas, the church of San Felipe and the church of Santiago.

In a place in the municipality is what is known as Cueva de la Batida, which was a medieval quarry.

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  Vega de Carmona.

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  Carmona Center.

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  Church of Sta. Maria.

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  A courtyard of Carmona's parador.

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  Carmona view from the top of the Puerta de Sevilla.

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  Church of San Blas.

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  Arriba Square.

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  Plaza de Arriba and dome of the church of the Saviour.

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  Sta. Mary of the Assumption. Interior.

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  Cerezo Theatre.

Routes

Museum of the City, located at the Marquis de las Torres Palace.

House of Culture.

Carmona is part of the following "routes", created as consortiums by the Junta de Andalucía and by different towns to promote tourism around specific themes:

• Artealia-Campiña Monumental: It was created by Carmona, Marchena, Osuna and Écija from 2000. In 2015 this consortium was closed.
• Washington Irving Route: It is a route that connects Seville with Granada. The name refers to this American writer, who visited the region in 1829. It was created in 2000.
• Tapa Route and the Good Table: This is a local route by some restaurants in the city.
• Bética Romana Route: It is a route through a series of municipalities very linked to the history of the Bética province. It was created in 2009. It covers the municipalities of Santiponce, Carmona, La Luisiana, Écija, Almodóvar del Río, Córdoba, Montoro, Almedinilla, Puente Genil, Osuna, Marchena, Jerez de la Frontera, Cadiz, Tarifa and Baena.
• Roads of Passion: It is a route centered on the sacred art of the Andalusian peoples and their ethnography. It was created in 2002. It is composed of the municipalities of Alcalá la Real, Baena, Cabra, Lucena, Priego de Córdoba, Puente Genil, Carmona and Osuna.
• Ruta de la Cueva de la Batida: It is a route through the municipality. It starts at the Cuesta de San Mateo and ends at the Puerta de Córdoba. In addition to the Roman road and the small bridge, you can appreciate a medieval quarry known as Cueva de la Batida.

Pilgrims going to Santiago de Compostela from southern Spain used to follow a Roman road that ran from Mérida to northern Spain, known as the Vía de la Plata. Pilgrims going from Seville joined that route. In 1997 an association of municipalities was created with Gijón, León, Zamora, Salamanca, Cáceres and Seville to promote this route. Currently there are 26 municipalities. Carmona joined this association.

Gastronomy

English Torta.

The typical dishes of Carmona are the same as those of all Andalusia. However, the town produces a genuine sweet known as English cake. In Spain it is customary for convents to produce sweets, and in Carmona the convent of Santa Clara does this work.

As far as spirits are concerned, Carmona produces aniseed and a well-known brand of gin with strawberry called Puerto de Indias. This gin was launched in 2013 and is exported to countries all over the world.

Parties

As in other Spanish towns, Corpus Christi, the Three Kings Parade, carnivals and patron saint festivities are celebrated. The patron saint of the city is San Teodomiro, whose feast day is July 25. The patron saint is the Virgen de Gracia, whose festival is on September 8.

Among the festivities, the Carmona Carnival stands out. It has been held since 1986. Nearly 40 groups from Carmona or the province perform at the Cerezo theater.

Musical heritage

The so-called Banda de Carmona, officially the Banda de Cornetas y Tambores de Nuestra Señora de Gracia, was founded in 1995 and performs throughout the year in different geographical locations, highlighting the procession of Holy Week brotherhoods in Carmona and other towns in the province and Andalusia. Since 2000, he has maintained a very close relationship with the Banda de Cornetas y Tambores Nuestra Señora de Setefilla, from Lora del Río, and with the Banda de las Cigarreras, from Seville.

In 1995 another band was founded, which in 1998 was renamed El Arrabal. He plays several genres, such as processional music, zarzuela, and soundtracks.

Holy Week in Carmona

Holy Week in Carmona was declared a Festival of National Interest in Andalusia in December 1999. The representatives of these brotherhoods make up the General Council of Brotherhoods and Brotherhoods of Carmona.

The Servite Brotherhood (Secular Order of the Servants of the Blessed Virgin Mary Dolorosa) is an order founded in 1739. Its headquarters are in the church of the Divine Savior. Procession with a canopy step with the Virgen de los Dolores on Friday of Sorrows. This Virgin, from 1784, is attributed to Cayetano da Costa.

The Brotherhood of Hope (Real, Illustrious and Fervorous Brotherhood of the Holy Christ of the Forsaken and Brotherhood of Nazarenes of Our Father Jesus of the Crowning of Thorns, Holy Mary of Hope and Saint John the Evangelist). It was founded in 1566. It is based in the church of the Divine Savior. It processes with two steps on Palm Sunday and with one step on Good Friday. In the first step there is a Christ from 1660 attributed to Pedro Roldán and in the second a Virgin, formerly accompanied by the apostle John, both from the 18th century . On Good Friday, the Cristo de los Desamparados, anonymous from the XVIII century, processions.

The Brotherhood of Bitterness (Brotherhood of the Holy Christ of San Felipe, Brotherhood of Nazarenes of Señor de la Amargura and María Santísima del Mayor Dolor) is a brotherhood founded in 1897. Its headquarters are in the church of San Felipe. Procession on Holy Monday with two steps. His Christ, from 1521, is the work of Jorge Fernández and the Virgin, from 1762, is the work of Benito de Hita y Castillo.

The Brotherhood of the Expiration (Ilustre Hermandad de la Sagrada Expiración de Cristo Nuestro Señor, María Santísima de los Dolores, María Santísima del Calvario, San Juan Evangelista and San Blas) was founded in 1640. It is based in the church of San Blas. It has two steps. The Christ, from 1947, is the work of Antonio Eslava Rubio and the Virgin is anonymous from the 18th century.

The Brotherhood of Sorrows (Ancient, Very Illustrious and Venerable Lateran Brotherhood, Pontifical and Serific Brotherhood of Nazarenes of Our Lady and Mother of Sorrows, Sacred Descent, Holy Mary of the Angels and Our Father Jesus Captive of Bethlehem) is based in the chapel of San Francisco. It was founded in 1607. It processes with two steps on Holy Wednesday. The Christ, from 1943, is the work of Antonio Eslava Rubio and the Virgin, from 1963, is the work of Antonio Castillo Lastrucci.

The Brotherhood of the Column (Ilustre Hermandad de Nuestro Padre Jesús en la Columna, María Santísima de la Paciencia y Santiago Apóstol) was founded in 1656. Its headquarters are in the church of Santiago. Procession with two steps on Holy Thursday. Santiago Apóstol is from the workshop of Pedro Roldán. The Christ, from 1789, is the work of Manuel García de Santiago. The Virgin, from 1952, is by Francisco Buiza.

The Brotherhood of Humility (Antigua, Real e Ilustre Hermandad de las Benditas Ánimas y Cofradía de Nazarenos de Nuestro Padre Jesus de la Humildad y Paciencia y María Santísima de los Dolores) was founded in 1604 It is based in the church of San Pedro. Procession with two steps on Good Friday. The Christ, from 1740, is attributed to José Montes de Oca. The Virgin, from 1730, is attributed to José Montes de Oca.

The Brotherhood of Silence (Primitive Brotherhood of the Nazarenes of Carmona, Pontifical and Royal Brotherhood of Our Father Jesus the Nazarene, Holy Cross in Jerusalem, Holy Mary of Sorrows and Divine Shepherdess of Souls) It was founded in 1597. It is based in the church of San Bartolomé. Procession with two steps on Good Friday. The Christ, from 1607, is the work of Francisco de Ocampo. The Virgin, from 1696, is the work of José Felipe Duque Cornejo.

The Brotherhood of the Holy Burial (Real Hermandad del Santo Entierro de Cristo Nuestro Señor, María Santísima de la Soledad and Santa Ana) was founded in 1971. Its headquarters are in the church of Santa Ana. Procession on Holy Saturday with a step.The recumbent Jesus is the work of Francisco Buiza from 1975 and the Virgin is the work of the same author from 1972.

San Antón Parish Group: On Easter Sunday afternoon, the Risen One goes out through the streets of Carmona, from Santa María to the hermitage of San Antón.

Cinema

Given the historical-artistic heritage that Carmona possesses, several films have been filmed in this municipality. In 2006 the American association of locations Location Manager Guild of America visited Malaga, Seville and Carmona. There is an exhibition of the posters of the films shot in Carmona in the Cerezo theater, donated by Julio Pastor Navas.

Movies

Series

• Process to Mariana Pineda (1984), Rafael Moreno Alba.
• The intruder (1990), Jaime Chávarri.
• Cazatesoros (1999), Gil Grant.
• La Peste (2017) (2nd season 2018), Alberto Rodríguez.

Music Videos

• "Gold" (1983), group Spandau Ballet.
• "Iron tears" (2012), group El Barrio.

Featured Characters

Manuel Domínguez Durán, world champion for teams half marathon 2019. Málaga World Cup. Veterans master category.

Twinnings

• San Miguel de Allende, Mexico. Since 2006.
• Laudun-l'Ardoise, France. Since 2010.
• Tifariti, Western Saharasince 3 October 2012)