Bolivar City (Bogota)

Ciudad Bolívar is the 19th town in the Capital District of Bogotá, Colombia. It is located in the south of the city.

Physical geography

Limits

Northwest: Soacha (Calle 60 and Carrera 50 East) Communes 4 Cazucá and 5 San Mateo)	North: Location of Bosa (Avenida NQS UPZ Bosa Central y El Apogeo)	Northeast: Kennedy premises (Avenida Ferrocarril del Sur UPZ Carvajal) and Tunjuelito (Río Tunjuelo UPZ Venice and Tunjuelito)
West: Soacha (Seco and Soacha River) Panama, Fusungá, San Jorge and Hungary)		This: Usme location (Río Tunjuelo UPZ Comuneros, Gran Yomasa, Danubio and Usme City)
Southwest: Soacha (Alto del Cabra and Romeral)	South: Usme location (Carretera a Sumapaz y Embalse Chisacá Las Margaritas, El Hato and Arrayanes)	Sureste: Usme location (Río Tunjuelo and Embalse La Regadera Veredes Olarte and El Destino)

Topography and geomorphology

The topography of Ciudad Bolívar is 80% mountainous and 72% of the town is considered a rural area.

The Town occupies land between an altitude close to 2670 m s. no. m. in the lower part, and 3800 m s. no. m. in its highest parts, being classified within the cold thermal floor.

Geological and soil studies in the town divide the region into eleven zones, of which the following stand out:

1. Located to the north, corresponding to a relatively flat sector, with slight inclinations surrounded by the Galician, Perdomo, Madelena, Candelaria la Nueva, San Francisco and Abraham Lincoln neighborhoods, the latter four correspond to the corrected sector of the Tunjuelito River, composed of expansive clays, which convert the land into unstable threatening the current housings, the non-continuing of the urbanizing process is warned.
2. Correspondient to the area delimited by the artillery school (Tunjuelito) the neighborhood Mexico to the north, the urbanization Grabada and the neighborhood Cortijo to the south, whose soils are composed mainly of sandy-stone gravel, in this area the risk of urbanizing is presented by the instability of the land, caused by the fillings resulting from the old exploitations of material in the sector.
3. Located from the Rincón neighborhood and arranged in the south north sense, covering points such as the Volador, the quarries of Peña Colorada and the intermediate tank of Bolívar city (Sierra Morena), whose soils are made up of sandy strata and with slopes varying from 20° to 40°; the sector is classified as high risk towards the west of the Los Alpes neighborhood. Ingeominas recommends urbanizing in sectors with softer slopes (15 to 30°)
4. Located on the Quiba side, consisting of hard sandstones, with soft inclinations that do not exceed 20°; which does not allow the presence of geotechnical risks, making the area suitable for urbanization.
5. The Cerro Seco, in the dry forest of Arborizadora Alta, on the borders with Soacha, corresponds to a sub-xerophytic ecosystem, but with water bodies like the wetland called "Laguna Encantada", by the channel of the bankrupt the Trompeta, is associated with the area with the greatest potential of infiltration in the area of recharge of the Quiba aquifer. Herbal porte plants, shrubs and geophytes predominate in their plant coverage.
6. The town of Bolivar also has different natural resources such as geological resources that are those geological structures, forms of the land, minerals, rocks, meteorites, fossils, soils and other geological manifestations that we can find in an ecosystem. In the ecosystem of the town of Ciudad Bolívar we find greater mountainous manifestations compared to other localities, thanks to this we identify how the excerpt company Cemex, takes over a land and transforms its resources through extraction processes. Within these strategies we find the most used, which is open-pit mining, an extraction route that is responsible for collecting all the material (grava, arena, clay) in the greatest possible quantities. Inside the town we can find the following industries in charge of mining activities: Anafalco,Ladrilleras Los Mochuelos, Ladrillera Granito de Oro,Ladrilleras San Marcos, Ladrillos Ochoa, Ladrillos Sur, Ladrillos y Bloques Paraísos, Ladrillera el Cóndor, Ladrillera la Estrella, which make up the industrial park Mochuelo, In some cases the mining activity of the industries interacts in positive and negative ways with the available resources of the locality; on some occasions there are consequences such as the modification of the water bodies for the optimization of processes such as the sedimentation of minerals, or even, the subtraction of the organic layer or soil to access the mineral layer of the terrain, or the erosion that causes slips and mass movements.

Climate

• Average annual temperature
• Dry and semi-seca Relative Humidity
• Total precipitation 600 to 800 mm per year
• Sector against the southern hills of the city 800 to 1000 mm per year
• Altimetry Between 2670 and 3800 m. n. m.

The Simón Bolívar weather station that covers this town allows establishing an average of 14 °C for Ciudad Bolívar, with a minimum temperature of 4 °C, an average of 15 °C and a maximum of 22 °C.

In most of the territory there is an annual precipitation level of 600 to 800 mm, however towards a portion of the territory located on the hills to the south of the city, rainfall between 800 and 1000 mm/year is recorded.

Depending on the solar brightness precipitation relationship, there is a semi-dry zone condition in the south-eastern part of the town that goes over the city's hills, and a portion of territory with dry zone conditions in the north-western part to along the border with the town of Tunjuelito and Bosa.

Hydrology

In Ciudad Bolívar there is a high number of unchannelized streams, which become sources of disease for the local population.

The main water resource of the Nineteen Locality is the Tunjuelo river basin, which receives tributaries such as the Limas, Trompeta, La Estrella, and El Infierno streams. Despite the fact that the upper part of the basin is used for the Bogotá aqueduct, as it passes through the city it becomes a receptor for highly contaminated rainwater and sewage, caused by the non-existence of main drainage networks, with which the evacuation is done directly to the Tunjuelito river through streets, ditches and fences.

Complementing the town's water system, we find the Quiba, Calderón, Bebedero and Aguas Calientes streams.

The town is home to the Doña Juana Sanitary Landfill and there is mining.

Some of the main bodies of water in the town are:

• Humedal El Tunjo: located in the Ontario neighborhood, it has the highest environmental certification at the global level RAMSAR, as a result of the work that has been advanced for the conservation of biodiversity in these spaces considered Protected Areas of the District, which are part of the Main Ecological Structure of Bogotá. (Tomado de http://humedalesdebogota.ambientebogota.gov.co/inicio/humedal-el-tunjo/). This wetland has been involved in different community processes that initially enabled its recognition, management and protection. Today this Humedal is administered by the District Secretariat of the Environment.

• Laguna Encantada: It is a small lagoon with some characteristics of high mountain wetlands, surrounded by a space of 385 hectares of dry forest of Arborizadora Alta. The dry forest that surrounds it is one of the few that are preserved in the Cundiboyacense highland, although it is in grave danger of urbanization. The small lagoon is accessed by climbing through the riverbed the Trompeta, Tunjuelo River basin. It is located in an area of high threat of lega and illegal urbanization, in addition to the lottery. The environment is quite depopulated with vegetation; yet the waters of the lagoon are clean. In this wetland there is a presence of fauna such as claws and cornuda alondras, the latter in danger of extinction. In addition, the lagoon is essential for birds that carry out migratory processes such as the blue tingua, a species that reports the largest number of accidents and deaths in the town of Bolivar. Some environmental organizations have advanced procedures for the dry forest and the Laguna Encantada to become the Regional Ecological Park of Mountain, a process that has not been effective. There are still legends about a goddess who inhabit the lagoon.

History

In the 1940s, large farms near the city began to be parceled out, forming the first settlements in the area. In the 1950s, the Meissen, San Francisco, México, Lucero and Ismael Perdomo neighborhoods were created, located in the lower and middle parts of the Town, and whose inhabitants were people coming mainly from Tolima, Boyacá and Cundinamarca. It is estimated that by the 1970s the population had risen to &&&&&&&&&&050000.&&&&&050,000 inhabitants. The territory of the town at that time belonged to the other municipality of Bosa.

A second stage began in the 1980s, with settlements in the upper part of the mountains, giving rise to neighborhoods such as Naciones Unidas, Cordillera, Alpes, Juan José Rondón, Juan Pablo II and others. In the same way, the Sierra Morena, Arborizadora Alta and Arborizadora Baja neighborhoods were born through the "lotes con servicios" from marginalized sectors of both the country and the city itself.

Until the early 1980s, the slopes of Potosí were bare. All of Jerusalem was home to barely 8,000 people who did not have water, electricity or sewage, they did not have telephones or transportation, but they did not have health care or school either. Just beyond the hills, there were M-19 guerrilla camps and some FARC and ELN presence.

Since 1983, with Agreement 11 of the Bogotá Council, the legal and administrative framework of what was then called the Ciudad Bolívar Plan was defined, with which it was intended to "orientate the growth of the city preserving the space of the savannah for useful agricultural purposes", promoting urban expansion to areas with less agricultural adaptation whose usefulness would be linked to urbanization processes, becoming an ambitious urban, social and inter-institutional project, which practically involved to all entities of the District.

With Agreement 14 of September 7, 1983, the Minor Mayor's Office of Ciudad Bolívar was created, while its limits were defined.

Subsequently, the 1991 Constitution gives Bogota the status of Capital District; In 1992 Law 1a regulated the functions of the Local Administrative Board, the Local Development Funds and the Local Mayors, determined the budget allocation. Through agreements 2 and 6 of 1992, the District Council defined the number, jurisdiction and powers of the Local Administrative Board (JAL).

Under this regulation, the town of Ciudad Bolívar was established, preserving its limits and nomenclature, administered by the local mayor and the Local Administrative Board, with a total of eleven councilors.

Finally, Decree-Law 1421 determines the political, administrative and fiscal regime under which the localities of the district operate until today.

The Doña Juana Sanitation Project, which began on November 1, 1988 and September 17, 1997, collapsed due to mismanagement of leachate and gases.

In 1993 a civic strike was held in Ciudad Bolívar.

In 2018 the Transmicable was inaugurated for the town of Ciudad Bolívar.

Human Geography

Land use ratio

The total area of Ciudad Bolívar is 12,998.46 hectares (ha), of these 3,329.8 ha correspond to urban land, another 152.1 ha make up urban expansion land and the remaining 9,608.4 ha constitute rural land. The land uses that occur in the town are mostly residential with 59.7% of the total area occupied by this use. The use of services with 20.3% follows in proportion. The uses of commerce, facilities and industry participate with 12.5%, 5.0% and 1.9%, respectively. A little more than 2,278 Ha of the town in the rural area, belongs to the category of productive land high capacity. Likewise, about 1,892 Ha are within the category of rural soil with high fragility.

Territorial organization

Locality 19 is distributed among 8 Zonal Planning Units (UPZ) in the urban area and 3 corregimientos in the rural area.

In Ciudad Bolívar, the way in which the geographical space has been organized has depended on the mountainous characteristics that its territory presents and the worldview of the indigenous communities, the Spanish population and migrants from Boyacá, Santander and Tolima who have busy15. In addition, there is an influence with the way in which they have organized the territory in the historical processes of settlement. From the Muisca settlements in the IX century to the present, transformations in the patterns of territorial organization have been identified. However, some of these patterns are still prevalent in the 21st century.

For example, the location of the Muisca settlements around water sources is something that is still seen with the current settlements of Ciudad Bolívar: they are established near the Tunjuelito river16. Along the same lines, the parceling out of haciendas by the Spanish in the XVI century, is an organization pattern that we can evidence in the locality, especially in the rural area where the so-called farms are located17. On the other hand, currently the territorial ordering of Ciudad Bolívar is planned by the Territorial Ordering Plan (POT) and works through Decree 190 of 2004.

The José Celestino Mutis Rural School District educational institution is located in the village of Mochuelo, with a capacity of close to 1,200 students. The school was inaugurated in 2010. The Doña Juana Landfill is located in the village of Mochuelo Bajo.

Protected Areas System

Due to activities such as mining, the expansion of the agricultural frontier and deforestation present in Ciudad Bolívar, the Land Management Plan (POT) determined a system of protected areas. This system is made up of three management categories, corresponding to the District Forest Area (AFD) category that has 8 zones that occupy 3,228.76 hectares (ha), the Mountain District Ecological Park (PEDM) category with 2 zones that are extend to 229.6 ha, and the Protected Area Systems equivalent to 53.01 ha. In these protection areas, new activities have emerged that seek to take advantage of the availability of natural resources and at the same time promote the conservation of wealth environmental. In protected areas, one of the activities carried out is ecotourism, an activity carried out in Ciudad Bolívar by the Rural Community Tourism Association (ATRC), offering agrotourism services in Pasquilla.

Roads and Transportation

Due to its uncontrolled growth in the XX century, and its particular topography, mobility in the town tends to be more slow due to the lack of highways in many of its neighborhoods and the inclination that encourages vehicular traffic.

Currently there are few wide access roads to the neighborhoods, among the main ones are: the South Highway that serves as access to the north of the town, Avenida Ciudad de Villavicencio crosses the town from the northeast to the east, the Avenida Boyacá, which serves as the main source to the mountainous neighborhoods in the south of the town and Avenida Jorge Gaitán Cortés, which crosses the town from the northeast to the west. It also has feeder bus services of the TransMilenio system from the Portal del Tunal that provides transportation to passengers from some neighborhoods of this town. The North-Quito-South (line G) also provides its services to the northern neighborhoods of the town with the Centro Comercial Paseo Villa del Río - Madelena and Perdomo stations.

TransMilenio Feeders

South Portal (North tributary)	Portal del Tunal (Southern tributary)
10-6 Perdomo	6-1 Candelaria 6-1C Casalinda 6-2 San Francisco 6-3 Sierra Morena 6-4 Paradise 6-5 The Treasure 6-5C Arabia 6-6 Juan José Rondón 6-7 San Joaquin 6-8 Beautiful View 6-9 High Treeling 6-12 Villa Gloria

Transferable

The Transmicable aerial cable system was inaugurated on December 27, 2018 and began commercial operations on December 29 of the same year. Transmicable is a cable car type system that has a length of 3.3 km. This system is composed of 4 stations; Portal Tunal Station, Mirador Paraíso Station, Manitas Station, Juan Pablo II Station. The Transmicable has 24 pylons (columns), with 163 cabins with a capacity of 10 passengers each with an advanced technology and security system with intercoms for direct communication with the control center, automatic security doors, solar panels that ensure the arrival of the cabin at the nearest station in the event of a power failure, a video-surveillance system that guarantees the safety of users during the journey and free Wi-Fi. The constant movement of the cabins guarantees that 3,600 people per hour in one direction can enjoy this service. This means of transport adapts to the mountainous topography of the town, allowing the movement of the inhabitants through certain neighborhoods (nearby to stations) to the Tunal Portal located in the town of Tunjuelito, this allows you to cover the route in 13 minutes, a distance that by land, required one hour.

The Transmicable is considered sustainable because it does not generate pollution like motorized means thanks to the use of solar panels in the cabins and electricity, helping to reduce approximately 750 tons of CO2 per year. In addition to the fact that citizens can access the system with a rate of $2,500 pesos, taking into account the usefulness of the service compared to other elements of the Transmilenio system, such as buses, which have the same rate but do not match comfort, quality and safety. during the course of the trip. Greatly benefiting the users who inhabit these areas of difficult access and those with some type of disability.

Economy

The main economic activity of Ciudad Bolívar is commerce.

Economic Sectors

Primary Sector

It is found to a greater extent in rural areas, more precisely in the Mochuelo Industrial Mining Park [PMIM], in which there are 3 main economic activities, which are: Clay extraction, extraction of construction materials and uses agricultural.

One of the most important economic activities in the town is agriculture with 18.6% being surpassed by livestock production (34.2%) and mining parks (45.5); locally, the arable area corresponds to 11.59% distributed by corregimientos, the total annual production is 9,778 tons, 79.4% is used for potato production, 15.9% for pea production and 5% for corn, broad beans and others. vegetables. Total potato production is divided into 5% for local consumption, 25% for seed, and the remaining 70% is marketed to Corabastos; Regarding the production of peas, beans, corn and vegetables, 97% is sold in Corabastos, 3% is used for seed and self-consumption.

Secondary Sector

It is found to a greater extent in the UPZ of Lucero, Ismael Perdomo and San Francisco.

Tertiary Sector

It is present in the entire locality, but predominates in the UPZ of Ismael Perdomo, Lucero, Jerusalem and San Francisco.

Urban Agriculture

In Ciudad Bolívar there are approximately 240 urban gardens; located in the neighborhoods: Arborizadora Alta, Arborizadora Baja, Santo Domingo, La Estancia, Los Tres Reyes, Sierra Morena, El Mirador, Juan Pablo II, San Rafael, Lucero Alto, La Torre and Cordillera del Sur, which are assisted by the Botanical Garden of Bogotá, dedicated to agricultural activities such as the planting of vegetables, herbs, medicinal plants, cereals, legumes and fruits. And some of these orchards also practice livestock activities such as rabbit farming, vermiculture and heliciculture.

The peasants from rural Colombia had to go to the city of Bogotá due to armed conflicts and social exclusion. When they arrived in the city, they stayed in the marginal neighborhoods in the south of the city, this forced them to change their life completely and to change their life project, from this social problem the idea of urban agriculture grows; it is the production of horticultural, medicinal and aromatic plants, which are grown in housing spaces, making adaptations in areas such as: terraces, patios, gardens and plots, using various types of containers (recyclable, natural, among others), all this together with the proper use of water and promoting good nutrition and self-sustainability

The vast majority of urban gardens were created by these people, due to their knowledge of agriculture for coming to the countryside, with the idea of implementing this for their self-sustenance. Urban gardens are implemented in Ciudad Bolívar for the supply of families, relating to the environment through healthy eating and family traditions. This new system seeks to implement care for the environment using different ecosystem-friendly agricultural practices, including the marketing of harvested products, creating a relationship of appropriation with the communities and recognition of the territory by the people who live there and including the self-consumption of low-income families.

The benefits of having urban gardens for residents and their communities are: Through the production of vegetables, vegetables, some medicinal, fruit and aromatic plants, nutrition is strengthened in families through habits towards a better Food also allows for better health, also contributes to the provision of food and reduces the costs of the family basket, strengthens the practices of the new environmental culture through the transformation of organic waste and rational water management, finally, urban agriculture gives a new value to the territories of Ciudad Bolívar.

In Ciudad Bolívar there are around 240 urban gardens, some of them are:

• Huerta Cordillera del Sur
• Dome Garden
• Huerta Don Julio
• Huerta Fundación Oasis
• High Arbolator Garden
• Garden Grandparents
• Mariela Garden
• Garden My golden years
• Huerta Quebrada limas
• Garden Field Roots
• Huerta Big house
• Garden IED Ciudad Bolívar Argentina
• Huerta la Estancia
• Neighbors Garden
• Huerta Hermanos Aguilar

Demographics

The population of Ciudad Bolívar is &&&&&&&&&0616455.&&&&& 0616,455 inhabitants, representing 8.5% of the inhabitants of the Capital District distributed in &&&&&&&& &0302030.&&&&&0302 030 men and &&&&&&&&&;0314425.&&&&&0314,425 women, ranking fifth among the 19 locations. Most of the inhabitants are from a low socioeconomic stratum, prevailing stratum 1 with 54.6% and stratum 2 with 34.6%.

Places of interest

• High of the Cross: To the south in the mountainous area, it is one of the viewpoints to see the periphery of the town, besides the one located in the park Brisas del Volador.

• Vereda Quiba: It is a sanctuary of the flora and fauna of the semi-arid soils of the town. The church San Martín de Quiba, built by the poet Jorge Rojas and a colonial-style house, is maintained. There is also the Pasquilla sidewalk with its attractive gastronomic dairy and a beautiful village and a crank forest reserve.

• Barrio Juan Pablo II: In this neighborhood is the Community Library Creative Seeds, which for more than thirty years has made social and organisational training bets in the neighborhood and the town. in his career with community, district, international and national entities, he has worked on three fundamental themes: access to the book, training of readers and literacy. Around this weave artistic proposals that empower girls, boys, youth and adults. Creative Seeds during 2000, he held the School of Art: Quebrada Limas Festival, the fruit of one of the sculpture workshop is the famous Sculpture of the Sapo, located in the cultural period, to rescue the fauna that he lived several decades ago in the Quebrada Limas.

For the year 2003, the Semillas Creativas Library, was also erected in the square, the monument of collective memory: "Canto a la vida" a sculpture by local artist Harold Bustos, in which girls and boys interact. It carries with it the painful imprint of the massacre of young people that occurred in the neighborhood in 1992, perpetrated by irregular groups. Little by little and as part of local history, this square is now declared a cultural and architectural heritage.

• Plazoleta del Sapo o termleta del barrio Juan Pablo II: Built physically and culturally by the inhabitants of the neighborhood. This place is the permanent scene of the life of the neighborhood, and of cultural and artistic manifestations. every 20 July, this neighborhood celebrates its anniversary with a large community bazaar. This place is a sample of the appropriation of public space and the recognition of historical memory.

• The Indian Bridge in Arborizera Alta,
• El Palo del Ahorcado en el barrio Potosí
• The Dead Stone in the Capri neighborhood.

Public services

Education

• The town has 161 public and private schools.

• Ciudad Bolivar has the headquarters of the Technological Faculty of the Francisco José de Caldas District University.
• Salesian Centre Juan Bosco Worker, located in the La Estrella neighborhood.
• Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios con sedes técnica y profesional en los barrios San Francisco, Candelaria y Potosí.

Health

• There are about twenty health centers, between UPAS (Primary Health Care Units), UBAS (Basic Health Care Units), CAMI (Immediate Medical Care Centers) and two hospitals (more one under construction).

• Zonal Centre ICBF

Culture

• Casa de la Cultura Ciudad Bolivar.
• Casa de la Cultura La Candelaria
• Casa de la Juventud: It is located in the neighborhood of Lucero Bajo. It is a space that promotes the strengthening of youth skills and skills through art and culture.
• Local Arts Centres for Children and Youth CLAN Lucero and CLAN Meissen
• CES Waldrof

Cultural and Community Organizations

• Ojo al Sancocho Festival: It is an international festival of alternative and community film and video that since 2008 promotes the democratization of culture and audiovisual education in Colombia from the town of Ciudad Bolívar. It is part of the Latin American and Caribbean Community Film Network.

• Centro Cultural Kirius 19: It is a youth group of anti-fascist political orientation that works for youth dignification, especially in the most vulnerable sectors of the population. It has received the support of the Movement for the Defence of People ' s Rights (MODEP).
• Audiovisual Collective The Mountains: It is an audiovisual co-production network made up of audiovisual groups in the town of Ciudad Bolivar, which since the 1990s have been producing local stories, through various forms of self-management in the territory of Ciudad Bolivar. To date it has been produced with the network of The Audiovisual Mountains: Night of Vandals, El Rumor del Maso, Readings that Kill and The Banquet. https://www.facebook.com/losmontanacine.

Sports

• 438 Sports public parks and settings
• 8 Distrital synthetic courts
• Altos de La Estancia District Park

Outstanding athletes

• John Mario Ramirez, soccer player