Blue
Blue or blao is the color perceived by photoreception of light whose wavelength measures between 460 and 482 nm. It resembles the most characteristic coloration of lapis lazuli.
It is standardized, serving this "standard" blue as a model and reference for the color blue. The standard blue can be seen in the image (inset below); the values that are given at the bottom correspond to the same. The color denomination "blue" covers a set of colors similar to the standard color, bluish.
#0000FF
CMYK (100, 100, 0, 0)
Etymology
- The word blue Maybe it comes from Hispanic Arabic lazawárdEast of Arabic lāzaward, ‘lapislázuli’, East Persian the United Nations or lažvardand this of the Sanskrit rājāvarta, ‘king of the king’. Another interpretation holds that the Persian the United Nations or lažvard It would come from Lajward, a region of Turkestan where, according to Marco Polo, lapislázuli was obtained.
Lexemes
- Lexema cian or Oldof the Greek κυανόςkýnanos), ‘dark blue’ (and this of the Hittite root kuwan-, ‘azurita’) associates with the terms that include it with the blue color. Some examples of this are the words cianosis, old and cyanide.
Localisms
- In Russian, Italian and Portuguese it is considered the celestial (♪ [chuckles]Golubóy] and azzurro) as color other than blue (синий [chuckles]♪] and blu). In Spanish it tends to make the same distinction. In Japanese sometimes it's still called blue (CIA [ Русский ao) to the currently called green (] [ ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] midori) what is not in such a proven case is that the Japanese of culture no longer could distinguish the blue from the green centuries ago; although it is likely that they would consider the green as a nuance of the blue.
Properties
As a psychological color: primary, cold
Blue is one of the four primary psychological colors, along with red, yellow, and green. In addition, it is considered a cool color, along with green and violet.
As a subtractive color: secondary
In the subtractive color synthesis system, where colors are created by mixing pigments or dyes (paints, dyes, inks), the primary colors are cyan, magenta, and yellow. Blue, along with red and green, is a secondary color in this system, meaning that when working with pigments of any kind, to obtain blue you must mix two of the subtractive primary colors (specifically, cyan and magenta)..
The four-color printing process (used to print, for example, color books and magazines) uses subtractive primary colors with the addition of black. Hence, a process color is described by the percentage of ink of each of these four colors that goes into its composition. Since blue is formed by the addition of cyan and magenta, an area printed in a medium blue color will be made up of C=100 (100% cyan), M=45 (45% magenta), Y=0 (0% yellow) and K=0 (0% black). (Note that 100% cyan plus 100% magenta produces a deep purplish blue instead of a medium blue.) See CMYK.
As a subtractive color in plastic arts: primary
For a long time, blue had the status of a subtractive primary color. In fact, it has been part of almost all groups of basic, main or primary colors that different scholars of the subject have proposed throughout history. Isaac Newton's studies on the nature of light and color gave rise to numerous theories about color. subject, not always correct. At the beginning of the 18th century, some painting treatises had adapted the circle of colors created by Newton to the needs of pictorial art and pointed out that the three primary colors were red, yellow and blue of the Newtonian circle. The practice of using this triad of primaries in paint continues to this day.
Cyan, magenta, and yellow are now considered to be cyan, magenta, and yellow after several centuries of pigment development and color studies, but in art, for technical and traditional reasons, it is generally preferred to continue using the "old" primers.
Complementarity
In this chromosynthesis system, the complementary color of blue is orange.
As an additive color: primary
In the additive system of color synthesis, in which colors are made by mixing colored light instead of pigments, blue is a primary color, along with red and green. This means that when working with colored light, it is enough to mix those three colors in different proportions to get all the others. To create the light and dark tones, the lightness is decreased or increased.
This additive system of light colors is what monitors and televisions use to produce colors. In this system, a color is described with numerical values for each of its components (red, green and blue), indicating red with "R", green with "G" and blue with "B". On a value scale from 0 to 255, pure additive blue is expressed as R=0 (no red), G=0 (no green), and B=255 (maximum blue). See RGB.
This blue was one of the first colors that personal computers could reproduce when they abandoned monochrome, in the early 1980s.
Complementarity
In this chromosynthesis system, the complementary color of blue is yellow.
Spectral Blue
Spectral Blue is simply the blue color of the blue region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The wavelength of blue light is around 470 nm; frequencies lower than blue are perceived as cyan, and frequencies higher than blue are perceived as violet.
In the Newtonian spectrum and in the rainbow: sixth color
In the West, the traditional interpretation of rainbow chromaticism holds that it contains seven colors, corresponding to the seven colors into which Newton divided the spectrum of visible light. In this context, it should be noted that Newton named the sixth color indigo in reference to the dark blue fringe of the Newtonian spectrum, just as in the rainbow; while the fifth color blue is a reference to cyan and spectral light blues.
Spectral Blues
Ciano acua | Celeste | Azulcian | Azur or cerúl | Blue azur | Blue | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HTML | #00FFFF | #00CCFF | #00B0F6 | #0099FF | #0066FF | #0000FF |
RGB | (0, 255, 255) | (0, 204, 255) | (0, 176, 246) | (0, 153, 255) | (0, 102, 255) | (0, 0, 255) |
HSV | (180°, 100%, 100%) | (192°, 100%, 100%) | (197°, 100%, 96 %) | (204°, 100%, 100%) | (216°, 100%, 100%) | (240°, 100%, 100%) |
Wave length approx. | 489 nm | 478 nm | 474 nm | 467 nm | 456 nm | 439-440 nm |
References | CSS / HTML / VGA / X11 | Celeste alive or blue neon | o cian CMYK | Azur, radiant azur or alive cerole | Blue or blue Crayola | CSS / HTML / VGA / X11 |
Blue color blindness
People who have trouble distinguishing the color blue are called tritanomalies. Tritanomaly can consist of a partial ability to perceive the color blue or a total inability, depending on the condition of the S cones of the tritanomaly individual. The S cones are the cells in the retina that perceive short wavelengths of light; if they are defective, they produce partial blindness to blue, and if they are completely absent, they produce total blindness to this color, or tritanopia.
Another name for these conditions is acyanopsia, or blue dichromacy.
Cultural references
Linguistic problems with blue
In the classical Latin and Greek languages, the color blue and its variations were characterized by being poorly represented linguistically, to the point that during the 19th century various philologists raised the possibility that neither the ancient Greeks nor the Romans were capable of see the color blue In ancient Greece, for example, the terms kyaneos and glaukos designated dark blue and light blue respectively, but could also indicate other dark or light colors; while obviously blue objects could be described by classical Greek authors as red, green, or black. In Latin, a similar situation persisted until the Middle Ages: although there were numerous adjectives to denote the color blue (aerius, caeruleus, caesius, cyaneus, ferreus, glaucus, lividus, venetus), they did not have a specific meaning. unambiguous, did not designate precise shades of blue, and were not used consistently.
Heraldry
Heraldic blue is called azur. The ancient armorials that are preserved show that it is one of the oldest heraldic enamels.
In the examples below these lines: the coat of arms of Ireland, whose blue is associated with that country's patron saint, Saint Patrick; the ancient arms of the kings of France (house of the Capetians), with a field of the so-called “royal blue” (bleu roi); the coat of arms with azure lions of Denmark, which dates back to around 1190 and from which the coat of arms of Estonia is derived.
Vexillology
In vexillology, blue is a very common color. In some national flags the blue surface is considerable, and others even use blue as the background color. This color is also in the group of Slavic flags that share national colors for ethnic reasons: the Pan-Slavic colors.
In the examples below these lines: the flag of Israel, whose blue stripes come from those on the tallit cloaks, which according to the biblical account were specified to Moses by God; in the flag of Iceland, blue represents the color of the mountains of that country; the flag of Kosovo uses "pan-Slav" blue.
History
- In the U.S. Civil War the blue was the color of the uniform of the northern soldiers of the Union, in contrast to the gray of the Southern Confederation.
- During the soundings and revolutions in Argentina of the 1960s and 1970s, following the overthrow of President Juan Domingo Perón and the triumph of the so-called Freedom Revolution (understand, dictatorial period), the seditious soldiers identified themselves with the "blue" colour, in contrast to the "colored ones".
- The blue color has been chosen by royalty; it was also the color used by the Egyptian Pharaohs and also by the Roman emperors. It was the latter who, when they invaded the region of Brittany, discovered that the soldiers painted the body with a blue dye to look more dreadful in battle, and seized the secret. The blue dye was drawn from a tropical leguminose of the family of the indigoferas, which has about three hundred fifty varieties, of which the most famous are the Isatis tinctoria, or glasto, and the Indigofera tinctoria or indigo.[chuckles]required]
Azzurro
The call azzurro (Italian pronunciation: [ad.'dzur.ro] (?·i)) (‘azur’) is a saturated and clear blue, closely linked to the Italian national identity. It comes from the Azur of the House of Saboya, and since 1911 it has been used in the clothing of the selection of football in Italy.
Mythology and religion
- The blue (kallfü) for the Mapuche people is related to the spiritual world and the sacred with their ancestors.
- In ancient Egypt he associated himself with temperance and wisdom and was the attribute of the High Priest. In Ancient Greece, Zeus wore a blue mantle as a symbol of celestial god. In ancient Christian tradition, this color is the color of virginity, piety and sky. For this reason, the Virgin Mary is represented with a blue mantle.
- For the ancient Nahua villages (Mexican or Aztec), the blue was the color of the south, related to Huitzilopochtli.
Politics
- Main article: political colours: political blue.
- On electoral maps, blue represents the following political parties, usually in opposition to red:
- Chile: Christian Democracy, National Renewal
- Colombia: Conservative Party
- Spain: Popular Party
- Honduras: National Party
- Mexico: National Action Party
- Puerto Rico: New Progressive Party
- Venezuela: Bureau of Democratic Unity
- United Kingdom: Conservative Party
Others
- In Chile, formerly the letters of dismissal must be sent to the Labour Inspectorate before the worker. Once a visa was issued by this body, they were sent in blue envelopes to the worker. Hence the expression is coined give the envelope blue to refer to the termination of a work contract.
- Microsoft Windows users often use the term "blue screen" to refer to a computer that has a system error that cannot be recovered from. In English it is said blue screen of death or 'blue screen of death', this is because in serious windows errors the message that identifies the error is presented on a blue screen.
- Jerges and argot for "blue" in different languages or countries:
- In Argentina, it is called "dolar blue" to the unofficial dollar quote
- In Argentina, the members of the Federal Police.
- In France, he designates the novices: "les bleus"
- In German languages (Blauand Dutch (blauw): drunk.
- In Australian English: The word for "blue" is used to describe a fight or discussion.
- In United States English: to describe comedy up or obscene: to work blue (literally "work blue").
- In English the United States is used to designate the working population (blue people), due to the traditional blue color of divers and work clothes.
- In English from the United States and Canada, "blue" is used to describe a law prohibiting the sale of alcohol on Sunday: blue law ("blue law").
- In English (especially in Britain): one blue movie ('blue film') is a pornographic film. Equivalent to "green" in Spanish (as in "green case").
- In English, "blue" can be used as a synonym for "triste" or "melancholic" in expression to be blue. This meaning derives from the word blueswhich in turn derives from the expression the blue devils, the "blue devils", metaphor of depression and sadness.
- In Japanese: young.
- In medical diagrams, the blue represents the veins that carry the blood to the heart. Actually, the deoxigenated blood has a color between red and violet. While the blood inside the arteries is blue, when contacting the oxygen becomes red, so usually when we cut it we see it red.
- The expression "blue blood" means "aristocratic family" or "real family." This was because the aristocrats and royalty members did not go to the field to work, so they used to have the skin more pale, through which they could see the veins, which are blue.
- Drinking water and sea water is not perfectly transparent: it has a slightly bluish color, which is noticed when looking through several meters of water.
- The same is true of air: it is not completely transparent either. The color of the air is noted when observing a mountain that is more than 15 km away (it is not possible to observe an object at the height of the soil even if a distant vision device is used, as the curvature of the Earth prevents seeing objects on the ground more than 12 km): the color of objects more than 15 km is slightly blue. The color of the day sky is generated by the diffraction of sunlight on the layer of more than 10 km of concentrated air, oppressed against our planet due to the gravity force of this.
- It is also used to represent, in channellings, that the material being channeled is at a colder temperature, in contrast to that which has a higher temperature, which would be represented in red. For example cold water pipes represented in blue, or even physically painted in blue, and hot water in red.
- Autism is identified with the blue color since this color generates a calming effect.
Types of blues
- See also: Types of blue (pictorial)
Some examples of the blue variety:
Name | Sample | Cod. Hex. | RGB | HSV | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Blue (Akal Color Dictionary) | #0070B8 | 0 | 112 | 184 | 203° | 100% | 72% | |
Blue | #436B95 | 67 | 107 | 149 | 211° | 55% | 58% | |
Blue steel | #567797 | 86 | 119 | 151 | 210° | 43% | 59% | |
Blue old | #8892C6 | 136 | 146 | 198 | 230° | 31 per cent | 78% | |
Blue Alice | #91A3B0 | 145 | 163 | 176 | 205° | 18% | 69% | |
Blue (author) | #0E4BEF | 14 | 75 | 239 | 224° | 94% | 94% | |
Blue CMYK | #333399 | 51 | 51 | 153 | 240° | 67 per cent | 60% | |
Cobalt blue (Thenard) | #3F448C | 63 | 68 | 140 | 236° | 55% | 55% | |
Blue (Crayola) | #1F75FE | 31 | 117 | 254 | 217° | 88% | 100% | |
Egyptian Blue | #1034A6 | 16 | 52 | 166 | 226° | 90 per cent | 65 per cent | |
Electrical | #1630BE | 22 | 48 | 190 | 231° | 88% | 75% | |
Blue France | #318CE7 | 49 | 140 | 231 | 210° | 79% | 91 per cent | |
Blue foal or monastral | #000F89 | 0 | 15 | 137 | 233° | 100% | 54% | |
Blue Klein | #002FA7 | 0 | 47 | 187 | 223° | 100% | 65 per cent | |
Marine Blue | #00304E | 0 | 48 | 78 | 203° | 100% | 31 per cent | |
Maya Blue | #73C2FB | 115 | 194 | 251 | 205° | 94% | 72% | |
Blue Munsell | #0093AF | 0 | 147 | 175 | 190° | 100% | 69% | |
NCS | #0087BD | 0 | 135 | 189 | 197° | 100% | 74% | |
Blue ocean | #1D334A | 29 | 51 | 74 | 211° | 61 per cent | 29% | |
Blue Pantone | #0018A8 | 0 | 24 | 168 | 231° | 100% | 66% | |
Blue Persian | #1C39BB | 28 | 57 | 187 | 249° | 85% | 49% | |
Blue Prussian | #003153 | 0 | 49 | 83 | 205° | 100% | 33% | |
Purple blue | #4C2882 | 76 | 40 | 130 | 264° | 69% | 51% | |
Royal blue | #00416A | 0 | 65 | 106 | 203° | 100% | 42% | |
Blue king | #1905a0 | 25 | 5 | 160 | 248° | 97 per cent | 65 per cent | |
Ultramarine blue | #436EC0 | 67 | 110 | 192 | 219° | 65 per cent | 75% | |
Blue green | #009FA8 | 0 | 159 | 168 | 183° | 100% | 66% | |
Añil | #091F92 | 9 | 31 | 146 | 230° | 94% | 57% | |
Bígaro | #CCFF | 204 | 204 | 255 | 240° | 20% | 100% | |
Celeste | #0CB7F2 | 12 | 183 | 242 | 195° | 95% | 95% | |
I'm sorry. | #0087D1 | 0 | 135 | 209 | 201° | 100% | 82% | |
Indigo | #00416A | 0 | 65 | 106 | 203° | 100% | 42% | |
Porcelain | #436B95 | 67 | 107 | 149 | 211° | 55% | 58% | |
Turkey | #122562 | 18 | 37 | 98 | 216° | 100% | 42% | |
Zafiro | #7573A6 | 101 | 118 | 180 | 227° | 44% | 71% |
Web Colors
HTML colors established by computer protocols for use on web pages include the blue shown below. As you can see, it coincides with pure additive blue, and is called in programming with the name blue (blue). For the other HTML blues that are defined by name, see the table of HTML colors.
Blue (Blue) | |
---|---|
HTML | #0000FF |
RGB | (0, 0, 255) |
HSV | (240°, 100%, 100%) |
Protocol | CSS / HTML / VGA / X11 |
Other web colors X11:
Name | Sample | Cod. Hex. | RGB | HSV | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Blue steel (LightSteelBlue) | #B0C4DE | 176 | 196 | 222 | 214° | 21% | 87% | |
Blue old (CornflowerBlue) | #6495ED | 100 | 149 | 237 | 219° | 58% | 93% | |
Blue Dodgers (DodgerBlue) | #1E90FF | 30 | 144 | 255 | 210° | 88% | 100% | |
Royal blue (RoyalBlue) | #4169E1 | 65 | 105 | 225 | 225° | 71% | 88% | |
Blue steel (SteelBlue) | #4682B4 | 70 | 130 | 180 | 207° | 61 per cent | 71% | |
Blue slate (SlateBlue) | #6A5ACD | 106 | 90 | 205 | 248° | 56% | 80% | |
Medium blue (MediumBlue) | #0000CD | 0 | 0 | 205 | 240° | 100% | 80% | |
Blue blackboard (DarkSlateBlue) | #483D8B | 72 | 61 | 139 | 248° | 56% | 54% | |
Indigo (Indigo) | #4B0082 | 75 | 0 | 130 | 275° | 100% | 50% | |
Dark blue (DarkBlue) | #00008B | 0 | 0 | 138 | 240° | 100% | 55% | |
Marine Blue (Navy) | #000080 | 0 | 0 | 128 | 240° | 100% | 50% | |
Midnight (MidnightBlue) | #191970 | 25 | 25 | 112 | 240° | 78% | 44% |
Gallery
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