Benito Juarez (Mexico City)
Benito Juárez is one of the sixteen territorial demarcations of Mexico City.
It was created at the beginning of the forties, but it took its territorial limits on December 29, 1970. It is located in the central region of the city and occupies 26.63 km² at 2,232 m s. no. m.. It limits to the north, Miguel Hidalgo and Cuauhtémoc; to the west Álvaro Obregón, to the south Coyoacán and Álvaro Obregón, and to the east Iztacalco and Iztapalapa. The central position of the Benito Juárez mayor's office makes it a crossroads between the various areas of the city, for which reason it has abundant communication routes. Its inhabitants live daily with two million visitors. This large floating population benefits from the roads and urban furniture in the region, and also contributes to its intense economic activity, estimated in 2005 at 3,350 million dollars.[citation required]
Benito Juárez is the demarcation with the highest human development index in Mexico.
Toponymy
On December 30, 1972, the delegation received the name of Benito Juárez, in allusion to the politician, liberal lawyer and former president of Mexico, being the Head of the Department of the Federal District, Octavio Sentíes Gómez.
Urban geography
Territorial division
The Benito Juárez delegation is divided into 56 colonies, notable for their size, population, and importance:
Postal Colony
One of the most traditional and oldest neighborhoods of the Benito Juárez Mayor's Office. Created in 1926 to provide housing for workers of the General Post Office of Mexico. The streets are named after the different Post Office departments of that time: Money Orders, Certificates, Post Offices, Reimbursements, among others. The first house built is located in the Unión Postal y Certificados roundabout. Its location and access roads allow its inhabitants to move with relative ease to any place in Mexico City.
Narvarte Colony
It was built in the forties and was originally a hacienda, located in the center-south of the City. Here we find the tower of the Ministry of Communications and Transport (SCOP), built in the fifties, on its walls we find murals by Juan O'Gorman, also author of the murals of the UNAM Central Library. In this neighborhood, the construction of the commercial plaza "Plaza Delta" which were previously lands of the Social Security Baseball Park, is located in the limits of the same and the Roma neighborhood belonging to the Cuauhtémoc mayor's office. Its orthogonal grid streets are cut by diagonal avenues with ridges lined with palm trees and most of its functionalist-style buildings are decorated with mosaics, housing accessories on the ground floors that give life to the area. Due to its size, it is subdivided into Narvarte Oriente and Narvarte Poniente.
Portales Colony
La Colonia Portales, has all the services and urban infrastructure. Here the population is mostly adults.[citation needed] Nowadays with the construction of so many buildings, the streets begin to be invaded as public parking. It is crossed by lines 2 and 12 of the metro with the Portales and Ermita and Eje Central and Ermita stations. Due to its extension it is subdivided into 3 other colonies that are: East Portals, South Portals and North Portals.
Valley Colony
Colonia del Valle (Mexico City) Possibly the neighborhood with the most activity in the Mayor's Office, since it has large public sector hospitals such as 20 de Noviembre (which has its subway station on line 12) and the hospital Carlos McGregor Sánchez (who, despite his name change, is better known for his location as "Gabriel Mancera" with the corner of Xola); Also inside there are multiple educational institutions, both public and private, another characteristic are the multiple offices and shops that have caused the former tranquility that characterized it to have given way to one of the areas with the highest vehicular traffic during business entry and exit hours.. It is undoubtedly the best communicated area of the city due to its adjoining wide and important avenues including Insurgentes, Xola, División del Norte, among others. Its origins date back to the beginning of the XX century when the Amores and Narvarte haciendas were divided. Due to its large territorial extension, it is subdivided into 4 other colonies that are: Colonia del Valle Norte, Colonia del Valle Centro, Colonia del Valle Sur and Tlacoquemecatl del Valle.
Naples Colony
Headquarters of the World Trade Center Mexico City and the Siqueiros Cultural Polyforum Colonia Nápoles with diagonal streets named after cities in the United States of America and whose old Californian colonial-style houses have gradually become banks and restaurants.
San Pedro de los Pinos neighborhood
Originally it was a neighborhood for the working class, however, due to its central location and excellent communication routes, little by little it has become a residential area for the middle class.
Alamos Colony
Direct predecessor of the ranch of the same name, it is one of the oldest subdivisions of the demarcation and was at the beginning of the XX century one of the most exclusive areas of the city, however it suffered the ravages of the 1985 earthquake which led to its deterioration. As a result of bando 2 and its excellent location, it has once again experienced a relative boom.
Colonia San José Insurgentes
With wide ridges, this small residential neighborhood of the mayor's office and being bordering the Avenida de los Insurgentes has been invaded by government offices, financial corporations, shops and hotels. Headquarters of the Theater of the Insurgents.
Colonia Santa Cruz Atoyac
Pre-Hispanic settlement devoured by the big city. The extensive land that surrounded the original town gave way to the first shopping centers, the first plaza or shopping center was Plaza Universidad at the level of Mexico City, and self-service stores in Mexico City. In Sta. Cruz Atoyac the delegational building is located. It has a historical monument (Church) endorsed by the INAH, sports facilities, shopping centers, two metro stations (Zapata and Parque de los Venados). The natives of Santa Cruz Atoyac were the promoters and founders of neighboring colonies Letrán del Valle, del Valle, General Anaya and Portales Sur. Santa Cruz Atoyac has the endorsement of the native people before the Central Government. In pre-Hispanic times, Atoyac paid tribute to the lordship of Coyoacán, it was the pass (Calle Juárez, currently) and resting place of Cortes (Coyoacán-Atoyac-Tenochtitlan).
Independence Colony
Colony located to the east of the demarcation. Its limits are comprised in the south by the Letrán Valle and San Simón Ticumac colonies, to the west by the Vertiz Narvarte colony, to the north by the Vertiz Narvarte and Periodista colonies and to the east by the Lake and Américas Unidas colonies, it has 56 manzanas. (Alexander Verdugo)
San Simon Ticumac
Being one of the few original peoples of the demarcation, the San Simón Ticumac neighborhood borders to the north with the Independencia neighborhood, to the south with North Portales; to the east with the Del Lago, Albert and Zacahuitzco neighborhoods and to the west the Letrán Valle neighborhood. Here is the Parish of San Simón Ticumán, which is very visited and its traditional festival is usually celebrated in the month of October. Almost in front of the church, is the Portales Health Center, which has morning, evening and Saturday services to receive outpatient care and vaccinations.
Other colonies
- Colonia Américas Unidas.
- Colonia Atenor Salas
- Colonia Del Carmen.
- Colonia Letran Valle.
- Colonia Miravalle.
- Modern Colony
- Colonia Nativitas.
- Colonia Nonoalco.
- Colonia San Juan.
- Colonia Xoco.
Demographic
The Municipal Human Development Index, published by the United Nations in 2014, lists this population in first place in Mexico in per capita income (USD$45,012 PPC of 2005) and in human development. Its Index of Human Development (0.917) is comparable to that of the Netherlands and Switzerland (0.915 and 0.917, respectively).
According to the Sociodemographic Panorama of the Federal District published by INEGI in 2011 [1], the delegation has a population of 434,153 inhabitants (2020), which represent 4.35% of the CDMX population (8,851,080 inhabitants in 2010). The population density is 16,300 inhabitants per square kilometer, with an average of 2.7 occupants per dwelling. Men represent 45.77%, and women 54.23%. The median age is 36 years.
Among its inhabitants, 37.4% are students, 35.7% are people dedicated to household chores, 20.9% are retirees and pensioners, and 6% do not work or carry out non-economic activities. Regarding the marital situation of the inhabitants, 35.3% of the people are married, 38.9% single, 9% in free union and 15.1% divorced, widowed or separated. On the other hand, 75.3% are Catholic and 10.1% without religion. In 2010, 3,956 people in the Delegation reported speaking an indigenous language.
Regarding schooling, the literacy rate in the delegation is 98.5% for people between 14 and 24 years of age and 98.3% for people 25 years of age or older. In addition, of every 100 people between the ages of 6 and 11, 96 attend school according to INEGI data in 2010.
High Schools
- Diurna Number 8 «Tomás Garrigue Masaryk»
- Diurna Number 10 «Leopoldo Ayala»
- Diurna Number 13 «Enrique C. Olivares»
- Diurna Number 34 «Eugenia León Puig»
- Diurna Number 38 «Josefa Ortiz de Domínguez»
- Diurna Number 45 «María Enriqueta Camarillo»
- Diurna Number 51 «Professor Carlos Benítez Delorme»
- Diurna Number 62 «Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra»
- Diurna Number 72 «Diego Rivera»
- Diurna Number 80 «Doctor Martin Luther King»
- Diurna Number 153 «Daniel Huacuja Sánchez»
- Diurna Number 197 «Canada»
Technique Number 14 (May 5)
- Telesecondary 32
- Telesecundaria 116
- Telesecundaria 122
- For workers 10
- For workers 13 (three semester accelerated)
- For workers 26 (three semester accelerated)
- For workers 37
- For workers 69
Urban equipment and infrastructure
Educational Institutions: Preschool level schools: 35. Primary level schools: 51. Secondary level schools: 21. Hospitals and health centers: 4. DIF centers: 2. Cultural centers and libraries: 30. Markets: 16. Colonies: 57. Housing Units: 2. Parks: 24. The Benito Juárez Political Delegation is the area in the country with the highest educational level.
The Benito Juárez district is the most complete in terms of infrastructure, since it has a wide variety of educational, cultural, and sports venues, and parks, and it is one of the safest districts in Mexico City.
Likewise, the district is one of the busiest and therefore the one with the most works, including bridges, remodeling of sidewalks, streets and business buildings for offices. An example is the work being carried out on Avenida Revolución to expedite traffic and the Río Mixcoac and Río Churubusco tunnel, a tunnel that will benefit and reduce the arrival time at the Mexico City International Airport.
Referring to security in the delegation, it is one of the safest and where more patrols and police are concentrated in a neighborhood. An attempt has been made to implement more security with police officers on bicycles and patrols doing rounds because there are areas where crime has arrived and there are more and more assaults on passers-by and sometimes on banks. But they have tried to avoid it by including more patrols and police.[citation needed]
Politics
From 2000, the inhabitants of the delegation could vote for the head of the delegation, since previously the delegates were appointed by the head of the Department of the Federal District (in turn appointed directly by the President of the Republic).
The political reform of the Federal District of Mexico is a series of federal and local legislative modifications of that country, with the objective of giving the capital of the country, Mexico City, a political status similar to that of the 31 federal entities of Mexico remaining. With this reform, the Federal District changes its name to Mexico City, both terms that until now had been considered equivalent. The Legislative Assembly of the Federal District (ALDF) was replaced by the Congress of Mexico City, the political delegations were transformed into mayoralties, presided over by mayors and a council, among other changes. The reform was approved at the end of 2015 by the Congress of the Union and was promulgated on January 29, 2016 by the President of the Republic, Enrique Peña Nieto.
The results of the elections of the 2017-2018 Electoral Process in the 16 mayoralties and councilors were ratified the day before by the Electoral Tribunal of Mexico City. Regarding the councilors, the plenary considered modifying the staff of councilors of Benito Juárez, since an equitable distribution was not made in the multi-member modality in terms of gender parity, for which reason it asked to issue a certificate to the PRI members, María Fernanda Bayardo Salim and Marelyn Mitsuko Casarrubias Peralta as proprietary and substitute Councilor due to the principle of proportional representation postulated in said demarcation, resulting in the only mayor's office with a majority integration of women.
Delegates
- (1969 - 1975): Manuel Jiménez San Pedro
- (1975 - 1976): Cuauhtémoc Santana
- (1976 - 1981): Arturo Llorente González
- (1981): Emilio Chuayffet
- (1981 - 1982): Humberto Benítez Treviño
- (1982 - 1988): Eugenia Moreno Gómez
- (1988 - 1989): Carlos Contreras Cantú
- (1989 - 1994): Roberto Ortega Lomelín
- (1994 - 1995): José Ramón Martell
- (1995-1997): María Esperanza Gómez-Mont Urueta
- (1997 - 2000): Ricardo Pascoe
- (2000): Eduardo Morales Domínguez
Delegation heads
- (2000 - 2003): José Espina Von Roehrich
- (2003 - 2006): Fadla Akabani Hneide
- (2006 - 2009): Germán de la Garza Estrada
- (2009 - 2012): Mario Alberto Palacios Acosta
- (2012 - 2015): Jorge Romero Herrera
- (2015 - 2015): Ricardo Amezcua Galán
- (2015 - 2018): Christian Damián Von Roehrich
- (2018 - 2018): Angel Luna Pacheco
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Mayors
- (2018 - 2021): Santiago Taboada Cortina
- (2021 - 2024): Santiago Taboada Cortina
Places of interest
In this demarcation are the Cineteca Nacional founded in 1974 and where the International Film Festival is held annually; It currently has ten rooms and an open-air forum in which the films shown are free. In 2014, with the desire to strengthen and nurture cinematographic culture, it created the Department of Academic Extension, which is in charge of giving courses, workshops and diplomas focused on the seventh art. The Theater of the Insurgents, the Polyforum Cultural Siqueiros are other of the most important cultural points of interest; The delegation also has some religious sites such as the churches of Cristo Rey, Sta. Cruz Atoyac, the Immaculate Conception and the Empress of America; and the Olympic Pool; as well as 24 parks, including the best known: Parque Hundido and Parque de los Venados (Francisco Villa) and the World Trade Center Mexico. It is also home to the largest commercial space in the country, housing the Parque Delta, Metrópoli Patriotismo, Plaza Universidad, Galerías Insurgentes, Centro Coyoacán, Patio Universidad, Manacar and Pabellón del Valle shopping centers. The parks of the demarcation are the following: Alfonso Esparza Oteo, Francisco Villa (Hundido), Pascual Ortiz Rubio, Américas, Arboledas (Pilares), Clemente Orozco, Cri-Cri, De la Insurgencia (La Bola), Félix Cuevas, Iztaccíhuatl, José María Olloqui, La Moderna, Luis Pombo, María Enriqueta Camarillo, Mariscal Sucre, Miguel Alemán, Miraflores, Molinos, Journalist, Rosendo Arnaiz, San Lorenzo Xochimanca, San Simón Ticumac, Tío Polito, Tlacoquemécatl. The open spaces consider four squares, a garden and two sports. It is worth mentioning that there are no environmental protection areas or ecological reserves.
In the mayor's office there are libraries that work according to the following services: interactive and recreational activities through audiovisuals, and projection of films and circles to encourage reading among the entire community of different ages. Exhibitions, literary evenings and concerts are held, with the intention of making these events that expand their cultural heritage available to the community.
In the Mixcoac area there is an archaeological zone which, according to the excavations, was inhabited from the Preclassic horizon (1000 BC). Currently only a small part of the ceremonial area of the site is preserved.
Its main roads are:
- Calzada de Tlalpan
- South insurgents
- Axis 1 Poniente Av. Cuauhtémoc
- Axis 4 South Xola
- Av. Northern Division
- Axis 6 South Angel Urraza
- Axis 5 Sur Eugenia
- Av. Patriotism
- Internal Circuit Av. Revolution
- Axis 3 Poniente Av. Coyoacán
- Axis 2 Poniente Gabriel Mancera
- Av. Plutarco Elías Calles
- Axis 7 Sur Félix Cuevas
- Axis 7-A Sur Emiliano Zapata
- Axis 7 South Municipality
- Axis 8 Sur Av. Popocatépetl
- Periférico Poniente
- Barranca del Muerto
- Central Axis Lázaro Cárdenas
- World
- Circuit Interior of Río Churubusco
- Av. University
- Av. Dr. José María Vertiz.
- Viaducto Presidente Miguel Alemán.
Commercial activity is concentrated on Avenida de los Insurgentes and, to a lesser extent, on Universidad and División del Norte avenues; where we can find a wide variety of restaurants, cafes and boutiques.
Transportation
- Metro Stations within demarcation
| Station | Line |
|---|---|
| Viaducto |  |
| Xola | |
| Villa de Cortés | |
| Nativitas | |
| Portales | |
| Hermitage |  |
| Ethiopia/Plaza de la Transparencia, |  |
| Eugenia | |
| Northern Division | |
| Zapata | |
| Coyoacán | |
| San Pedro de los Pinos |  |
| San Antonio | |
| Mixcoac | |
| South insurgents | |
| Hospital 20 November | |
| Parque de los Venados | |
| Central Axis | |
Mexico City Metrobus
- La Piedad, line 1
- Polyforum line 1
- Naples line 1
- Colonia del Valle line, 1
- City of Sports, line 1
- Hundido Park, line 1
- Félix Cuevas line 1 before line 12 of Mexico City Metro.
- Churubusco River line 1
- Insurgentes Theatre, line 1
- Love, line 2
- Ethiopia/Plaza de la Transparencia, lines 2 and 3
- Dr. Vertiz, line 2
- SCOP Center, line 2
- Alamos, line 2
- Xola, line 2
- The Americas, line 2
- World Worker, line 3.
Likewise, the mayor's office offers a large number of services that are provided to the community through; houses of culture, social development centers, open-air forums, sports centers, sports modules, party rooms, theaters and multipurpose rooms. Likewise, through the DIF Programs Directorate, services such as CENDIS, senior groups and shelters, among others, are provided, without discounting the services offered by the Community Services Directorate such as; specialized medical services, community brigades, socioeconomic studies, as well as our mobile care units that are present every day within it.
Social programs are an important part of daily activities through nutritional scholarships, economic support, free scholarships for services and retired teachers, without discounting the services to the educational and social sector of our delegation and the organization of events in all corners of the demarcation, both recreational and civic.
This municipality currently does not have the Ecobici program, however it is already planning to carry out the program. At the height of this demarcation, on the peripheral ring, the northern section of the Urban Highway is currently under construction, which is expected to be completed this year.
Illustrious people
Some illustrious characters of this demarcation are:
- Ignacio de la Torre y Mier
- Carlos Monsivéis Aceves
- Eighth Peace
- The outstanding Visual Artist and Sonora PIA * Cantos Floridos lived 30 years in this beautiful colony. Here is a SEMBLANZA: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC14-M1vqWUTRdnkgH8GZvgA
Church of the Immaculate Heart of Mary and Sta. Cruz Atoyac Church
El Purísimo Corazón de María is a parish which is located on Gabriel Mancera street between Torres Adalid and Luz Saviñón, col. From the valley. It is a unique church thanks to the figure that is at its top. Few know his name. and they think that the great figure that crowns its dome is a Christ instead of the Virgin Mary. There are still more people who do not know the name of the temple and, without knowing it, call it "Nuestra Señora del Tránsito", because with its open arms it seems to want to help speed up the vehicular traffic that converges on the neighboring avenues of División del Norte, Colonia Del Valle and Amores around Mariscal Sucre Park. Inside the temple you can see fantastic stained glass windows and murals that represent various biblical passages in an extraordinary architecture, which has led to the filming of some films in this place such as "El Illafeto" starring Mario Moreno Cantinflas "Romeo + Juliet" starring American actor Leonardo DiCaprio.
The Church of Sta. Cruz Atoyac is a historical monument, endorsed by the INAH, dating from the XVI century, It has ancient relics, to mention the splinter that belonged to the cross of Christ. Another relic is the Christ that rests on the cross of the church, it is one of the three Christs worldwide made by carrizo, being unique pieces, whose size suggests that it has a considerable weight but it is not, another piece made with the same material is Mr. Santiago. Both the bells and the concrete cross found in the atrium of the church were made by indigenous people, which is why carved flowers can be seen. Finally, mention the appearance of the Virgin Mary in one of the trees in the atrium, which is protected and can only be seen from afar. On May 3, the Day of the Holy Cross is celebrated, said celebration is organized by the inhabitants of the town. In the sports hall of the mayor's office, at the corner of Municipio Libre and Cuauhtémoc, there is a tree trunk in the shape of a cross, which the natives consider a miracle, and when May 3 arrives, they sing mornings to the tree. and to the main cross of the church. The word "Atoyac" is of Nahuatl origin and means "On the shore of the lake" or "where the spring is born.
Twinnings
Xuhui, China (2011)
Medellín (2012)
Milpa Alta (2013)
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