Bejar

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Béjar is a Spanish city and municipality in the province of Salamanca, in the autonomous community of Castilla y León. It stands out as the most important population center in the southeast of Salamanca and is considered the capital or service center of the Sierra de Béjar region. It forms the judicial district of Béjar and the Mancomunidad Embalse de Béjar.

Its municipal area is made up of the population centers of Béjar, Fuentebuena, Palomares, Valdesangil, El Castañar and La Glorieta, and has a population of 12,099 inhabitants (INE 2022).

Toponymy

The etymology of the place name Béjar —most likely pre-Roman and documented in the past as Biclara and Biclaro— is uncertain.

Geography

Instituto Geográfico Nacional
Fragment 0553c3 of the Spanish National Topographic Map of 2005 at scale 1:25000 printed and scanned at 250 ppp. Represents Béjar

The town is situated at an altitude of 953 ms. no. m..

Northwest: The Warm of Béjar North: Sanchotello and Navalmoral de Béjar Northeast: Fresned
West: Valbuena (Salamanca) and Aldeacipreste Rosa de los vientos.svgThis: Navacarros and Vallejera de Riofrío
Southwest: Cantagallo South: Candelario Sureste: Solana de Ávila

History

Middle Ages

The segregation of Béjar de Ávila took place during the reign of Alfonso VIII of Castile

The origin of the town itself is dated chronologically to around the second half of 1208. The town's privileged location on a key defensive point straddling the north and south plateau —in a period during which Alfonso VIII he feared Muslim advances; In addition, there was also the circumstance that Béjar was on the border with the Kingdom of León—it must have been an incentive for its foundation. There is the first written mention of the town on January 5, 1209, in a document in which the King Alfonso VIII demarcates the boundary between the council of Ávila and that of Béjar. Although it probably already had its own jurisdiction since the beginning of the repopulation, the city received a charter in 1260. caps;text-transform:lowercase">XIII the vineyard also acquired significant importance in the local economy.

Already in the XIV century, in 1322, Béjar and his land formed a council brotherhood with nearby Plasencia, Coria, Granadilla, Galisteo, Montemayor del Río, Salvatierra de Tormes and Miranda del Castañar.

The land of Béjar was segregated from the huge council of Ávila between 1205 and 1209. Muslims, Jews and Christians lived together in Béjar for several centuries.

The town ceased to be royal territory in 1396, when it became a personal lordship through an exchange with the town of Frías, with Béjar being transferred by Enrique III of Castile to Diego López de Zúñiga. This exchange is interpreted by Salgado Sources such as the key fact for the later dependence of Béjar on Salamanca for the vote in Cortes in 1425, a fact that would lead his passage from Castilla to the Kingdom of León in the regional sphere.

Álvaro de Zúñiga benefited from the fights between Enrique IV and his brother the Infante Alfonso (whom he had supported). This attitude continued in the succession war of Enrique IV, between his daughter Juana la Beltraneja and the half-sister of Enrique IV and sister of the late Infante Alfonso, Isabel. Álvaro de Zúñiga, who had previously been named Duke of Arévalo (in 1470) and Duke of Plasencia (in 1476) —experiences from which the Zúñigas came out badly, returning these towns to royal status—, was named Duke of Béjar through a Royal Decree of October 12, 1485 issued by the Catholic Monarchs.

Modern Age

The communities of villa and land were the system of organization of the territory in the Castilian Extremadura

In the summer of 1492 the Jews of the Señorío de Béjar were forced to convert to Christianity so as not to be expelled; however, feigned conversions were a common phenomenon. The Duke of Béjar Álvaro II de Zúñiga y Guzmán, who he had previously acted as a protector and champion of the Jews—interested in the factor of economic and demographic growth that it provided in the 15th century the Jewish population in the domain of Béjar— changed its position after the edict of expulsion, proceeding with the seizure of properties. It is also after the edict that a wave of "anti-Semitism" broke out in the domain; there were demonstrations against the converts and the burning and looting of properties abandoned by the Jews.

In the XVI century, the IV Duke of Béjar ordered the construction of the gardens called El Bosque. The Ducal House was characterized by its work of patronage. The dedication made by Cervantes in Don Quixote to Duke Alonso de Zúñiga is well known, as is the dedication made by Luis de Góngora in his unfinished work Solitudes.

The House of Zúñiga grouped over its lineage manors spread throughout Spain. In addition to the Dukes of Béjar, Counts of Plasencia, Marquises of Valero (Salamanca), Gibraleón (Huelva), Counts of Miranda del Castañar (Salamanca), Counts of Arévalo (Ávila), Trujillo (Cáceres province), Ledesma (Salamanca), Ayamonte, Belalcázar (Córdoba), viscounts of Puebla de Alcocer and lords of Capilla, Olvera, and Burguillos (Seville).

Since ancient times,[citation required] the town was characterized by his dedication to cloth production; this activity hatched from the arrival of Flemish cloth artisans, brought by the Ducal House to foster this development in 1691. This first arrival was a failure to the extent that a large number of Flemish masters emigrated in the early years. However, new artisans continued to arrive, reaching a peak in the first half of the XIX century. It ended up being consolidated in the XIX century as fine drapery. The support of the Duchy of Béjar to this industrializing economic activity during the XVIII was «exceptional» —apart from other ephemeral attempts without continuity and doubtful success in the Spanish nobility—

Since then, Béjar experienced a proto-industrialization process throughout the 18th century. Hence the great development of the textile activity that characterized the economy of the city during the XIX and centuries. ="font-variant:small-caps;text-transform:lowercase">XX. The city then experienced a great urban, social and political change.

Contemporary Age

Pond of El Bosque Park
Picture of the year 1720 of Ventura Lirios that illustrates the Rio Corps of Man

Liberalism favored and consolidated the incipient Bejaran bourgeoisie at the beginning of the XIX century, allowing them to control the politics of Béjar once Once the stately privileges of the Duke of Béjar have disappeared, a title that had fallen to the person of the Duchess of Osuna in the XVIII century.

The development of the Bejarana textile industry was spectacular, although affected by cyclical crises, motivated by the excessive dependence of this activity on state contracts, the poor geographical situation and the late arrival of the railway, which made it very difficult to compete with the Catalan cloth industry. In 1770, in the Correo General published in Madrid, Béjar appears as part of Extremadura with a Cloth Factory Twenty-six breasts, Twenty-eighth, and Thirty-ones, Various colors, and Grana.

It was assigned to the province of Salamanca in the territorial reform of Floridablanca in 1785.

In 1833, with the provincial division of the Decree of Javier de Burgos, Béjar and the towns of its community were included in the province of Salamanca, in the Region of León. This new division was met with opposition from the municipality. The Béjar City Council itself requested the segregation of Salamanca and the incorporation of Ávila, to whose jurisdiction it had belonged between the second half of the XII century and the first decade of the XIII. This request was repeated 18 years later, in 1851, also without success.

The title of city was granted by Isabel II in 1850 thanks to the actions of the Minister of Finance born in Béjar José Sánchez Ocaña. Béjar then became Very Loyal (a title granted by the Catholic Monarchs in 1492 for participation in the conquests of Malaga and Granada), Very Noble (earned by the conquest of Cáceres in 1229 at the hands of Alfonso IX of León) and Liberal. and Heroica later in the revolution of 1868, in which the Bejaranos resisted the troops of Isabel II. In the First Republic the city was declared a canton during the Cantonal Revolution.

The industry would benefit from the outbreak of the Civil War, since Béjar was located in an insurrectionary zone, facing republican Catalonia. The military victory would come to establish a firm bond between the new regime and the Bejarana bourgeoisie, made up of a rosary of families among which it is worth noting the Izard, the Rodríguez Arias or the Cid Gómez-Rodulfo. After the Civil War, the local industry began to supply textiles for army uniforms and multiple civil service corps.

The 1960s meant the zenith of Bejarano textiles and the 1970s the beginning of the end of the clothier activity, which suffered crises, ups and downs and some timid recovery until the great crisis of the early 90s.

Historical territory of Béjar

Community of villa and land of Béjar

Béjar was the head of a territory formed by the Bejarana town itself and a series of towns that surrounded it. This territorial set was organized independently by means of a charter that regulated all aspects of community life, having no jurisdiction over it other than its own and that of the King.[citation required ]

All these legal liberties that Béjar and his land enjoyed gradually disappeared with the manorialization. In 1396 the Land of Béjar became a Lordship, that Lordship would become a Duchy in the times of the Catholic Monarchs. In 1833, with the definitive abolition of the Old Regime, the Duchy of Béjar came to an end. Here also ends the territorial unity that had lasted 624 years (1209-1833).

Demographics

Population developments
Graphic of demographic evolution of Béjar between 1842 and 2022

Rule population (1842-1991, except 1857 and 1860 which is a de facto population) or resident population (2001-2011) according to the Population Censuses since 1842.
Between the 1970 Census and the previous one grows the term of the municipality because it incorporates Palomares.
Population according to the municipal register of 2022 of the INE.

The municipality, which has an area of 45.74 km², has, as of December 31, 2018, a total population of 12,961 inhabitants, of whom 6,133 were men and 6,828 women, according to the municipal register of the INE, with a density of 289.05 inhabitants/km². Regarding the year 2000, the census reflects 15,690 inhabitants, of which 7,435 were men and 8,255 women. Therefore, the loss of population in the municipality for the period 2000-2018 has been 2729 inhabitants, an 18% decrease. It is the third most populated municipality in the province of Salamanca.

Population distribution

The municipality is divided into four population centers: Béjar, Fuentebuena, Palomares and Valdesangil. Of the 12,961 inhabitants that the municipality had in 2018, Béjar had 12,522, Fuentebuena with 53, Palomares with 240 and Valdesangil with 146.

Transportation and communications

Béjar is crossed in a north-southwest direction by the Ruta de la Plata highway, which connects Gijón with Seville and has several exits in the town, the N-630 national road of the same route also crosses the municipality as well as multiple highways local. In addition, as far as public transport is concerned, the city is connected by road with Extremadura, Andalusia, Castilla y León, Cantabria and Asturias thanks to the buses Cáceres - Salamanca, Gijón - Sevilla via Badajoz or Mérida, Santander - Sevilla and Valladolid - Seville managed by ALSA.

Railway

Béjar has a train station belonging to the Vía de la Plata Railway that linked Plasencia with Astorga. In 1985, the Plasencia-Astorga line was closed, so Béjar was cut off by rail. The trains TER Sevilla-Gijón, TAF Sevilla-Gijón, Ferrobús Plasencia-Salamanca, Ómnibus Cáceres/Plasencia-Salamanca and Expreso Badajoz-Salamanca circulated through the station. The station is preserved in a state similar to the one it was in before the closure of the line. The City Council has inaugurated the Center for Active Tourism, a hostel with capacity for more than 40 people, as well as a bar service.

City bus

The city has an urban bus from Monday to Saturday. It runs through the entire city and the districts of Valdesangil and Palomares. In summer it also offers a service to the Cerrallana pool. It has only one line, starting in the Parque de la Antigua until the district of Palomares.

Tourist train

Béjar has a tourist train from Thursday to Sunday throughout the month of August and until September 7, and it has four departures at different times. It also has a tour of the entire old town, and down to the Textile Museum.

Economy

The 1960s marked the zenith of Bejarano textiles [citation required] and the 1970s the beginning of the end of the clothier activity, which suffered crises, ups and downs and some timid recovery until the great crisis of the early 90s. [citation needed] At the beginning of the century XXI there were no more than half a dozen companies left. In 2018, the Junta de Castilla y León included Béjar in the Urgent Reindustrialization Plan. [citation required] Since the city of Bejarana is the city with the highest unemployment rate in Castilla y León of cities with up to 40,000 inhabitants. In addition to suffering a great loss of population, between 2011 and 2017 the city of Bejarana lost more than 1,200 inhabitants. [citation required]

Administration and politics

Municipal elections

Results of municipal elections in Béjar
Political party 2019 2015 2011 2007 2003
%VotesCouncillors%VotesCouncillors%VotesCouncillors%VotesCouncillors%VotesCouncillors
Popular Party (PP) 41,4030558 47,3234209 61,42506811 41,8338587 56.08528710
Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE) 33,0424386 16,6512033 29.3024185 47,5243829 36,2134147
You Béjar Aportas (TAB) 12,939542 16,0611613 --- --- ---
Citizens (Cs) 8.926581 7.395341 --- --- ---
United Left (IU) 2.431790 --- 5,494531 2.342160 3,743530
In Common (EC) --- 5.303831 --- --- ---
Between All Béjar (ETB) --- 3,472510 --- --- ---
Citizens by Béjar and Comarca (CxByC) --- 2.031470 --- --- ---
Regionalist Unit of Castilla y León (URCL) --- --- 0.90740 --- ---
Union of the Salmantino People (UPSa) --- --- --- 7.126571 2.392250

Mayors

Culture

Heritage

The old part of the city was declared a historical-artistic site on July 20, 1974.

Church of Santa María la Mayor

Reformed in the XVI century. The apse is Romanesque Mudejar. The tower is made of granite and the last body is a bell tower. Classicist baroque main altarpiece dedicated to the owner of the church. In the Socorro Chapel there is an image of the Virgen de las Angustias from the XVII century. It has other altarpieces and images of great value such as the Nazarene. It has an interesting organ built around 1711 [citation required], of which only the furniture remains and which was restored in the 1980s.

Pond of El Bosque
The Forest

It is one of the few examples of an Italian Renaissance garden that has been preserved, built by the Dukes of Béjar in the 16th century as a recreation village, with a pond, statues, small palace and kiosk remodeled in the XIX century (currently municipal property). It was declared an artistic Garden, antecedent of the figure of cultural interest, on January 11, 1946.

Calle Mayor

Axis of communication between the old and modern area, it houses most of the city's commercial network. Made up of houses predominantly from the 19th century and XX, owned by the former industrial bourgeoisie, and characterized by its glass-enclosed galleries.

Church of El Salvador
Church of El Salvador

Originally medieval [citation needed], we preserve the apse and the first body of the bell tower from the time of its construction. Enlarged in 1568 and with strong reforms in the following century, it was its period of greatest brilliance. For centuries it was considered the most beautiful church in the city. On February 19, 1936, it was burned down, leaving only the walls standing and its interesting coffered ceiling disappearing as well as the altarpiece, images and a large part of the archive. It was rebuilt with the additions of the side choirs. Inside, the processional passage of Nuestro Padre Jesús de las Victorias by the Bejarano author Francisco González Macías is remarkable.

Palace of the Zuñiga
Ducal Palace of Béjar

Rebuilt by the Dukes of Béjar (to one of whom, Alonso Diego López de Zúñiga y Sotomayor, Cervantes dedicated his edition of Don Quixote). It has a Renaissance courtyard with a fountain called Venera. In the spandrels you can see the shields with the letters F and G (Francisco and Guiomar, who were the ones who rebuilt it). Its first owner was Queen Violante, wife of Alfonso X the Wise, who took it as a dowry wedding. Today it houses the Ramón Olleros Gregorio Institute of Secondary Education and Baccalaureate. The camera obscura is located in one of the towers, from which you can see the entire city, as well as the Sierra de Béjar and the natural environment. It was declared a historical-artistic monument (preceding the figure of Asset of Cultural Interest on June 3, 1931.

Bullring
Bullring of El Castañar

Dates from 1711, when a closed bullring was built to cover the costs of reforming and expanding the Sanctuary of the Virgen del Castañar. It was first built in a rectangular shape. It is the oldest bullring of Spain among those that are preserved. It was extensively reformed in 1962 and was declared an Asset of Cultural Interest with the category of monument on May 7, 1998.

Sanctuary of the Virgin of Castañar

It is located in a wooded area, with a predominance of chestnut trees. It is said that the virgin was found by a shepherd in a wooden box, next to a chestnut tree. With the discovery, the plague that devastated the town ended. Today she is the patron saint of Béjar. [citation needed ]

Route of the factories
Textile factories

The water of the Cuerpo de Hombre river, with a very low salt content, made the river very favorable for sizing cloth. Currently, a walk has been enabled to admire the buildings of the old cloth factories.

Real Fábrica de Paños De Diego López

Nestled in the neighborhood of La Antigua, this factory is one of the oldest preserved in Béjar. According to studies, the building could be located on the remains of the palace of the Bishop of Plasencia where he stayed during his visits to the municipality.

Through a royal decree, Diego López obtains permission to dye cloth, previously exclusive to the dukes.

Church of Saint John the Baptist
Church of Saint John the Baptist

Built in the XIII century, whose transitional Romanesque origin preserves the apse, the portals and the bell tower. Enlarged in 1568. Inside, the wooden roof (XVI century) and images of Saint Francis of Assisi are preserved. and the bust of Ecce-Homo and La Dolorosa, among others, and quality canvases. In front of it, in the so-called Parapet, the processional steps are housed, most of them from the XX century, among them the Calvario by González Macías.

Church of the Pilar and Saint Joseph

Built around the years 1960-1970 in the Italian Neo-Romanesque style. Its interior is colorful due to the mosaics that decorate it. It is one of the most beautiful churches in Béjar, not only because of its construction, but also because it is located on the slopes of the Tomillar from where you can see the city. In the sacristy there is a Christ of Agony, a direct youth carving made by Mateo Hernández and in the main chapel a head of Christ, also made by the same sculptor and which was owned by Don Emilio Muñoz, sponsor of this church.

Pilar Church, in Monte Mario
Monument to Miguel Cervantes
Monuments
  • Monument to the Man of Musgo, work of the sculptor Ricardo Martín Vázquez. Legend has it that: "In the Middle Ages, when the Arabs owned the city, the Christians laid siege and managed to enter covered with moss and progress slowly so that they could be confused with bushes." The door of the wall where they entered is called the Gate of Tradition. This event is celebrated with moss every year and represents the feat on the day of Corpus Christi.[chuckles]required]
  • Monument to Miguel Cervantes.
  • Monument to the Sacred Heart, inaugurated in 1929 and made by popular subscription in El Castañar. It is the work of the great sculptor of Madrid Angel García.[chuckles]required]
  • Monument to the Martyrs of Freedom, carried out on September 28, 1868 by the Bejaran artist Ricardo Martín Vázquez.[chuckles]required]
Other
Teatro Cervantes
La Covatilla ski resort
  • Cervantes Theatre, built at the end of the centuryXIX.[chuckles]required]
  • Garden of Olivillas or Solana, historical garden in danger by the brick and cement that is preserved intact from its origin. It is believed to date back to the beginning of the centuryXIX.[chuckles]required] Its structure is very similar to that of the Granada carmens.
  • Consistorial house, of the centuryXVIWith city shields.
  • Parque de la Antigua, near the church of the same name, next to the walls.
  • Barrio de la Judería, behind the palace.
  • Serbian popular architecture.
  • Medieval wall.

Natural heritage

  • Sierra de Béjar, central system foothills, declared a biosphere reserve by the Unesco, has great beauty spots and a ski resort called La Covatilla, which has more than 20 ski slopes.
  • River Corps of Man, within the Sierra de Béjar, is born in the landscape known as Hoyamoros and flows into the Alagón River. It therefore belongs to the Tajo Hydrographic Confederation.
Monte Mario

Natural area known as Bañaduras Altas or El Tomillar where we find, in addition to the Pilar Church, the CEIP María Díaz Muñoz, and the Residential Center for people with functional diversity C.A.M.P.Y.C.O. of the Junta de Castilla y León and a recreation area, as well as a hiking route. The dismantled Fuente de los Maestros, which was built in 1961, opened from the mountain towards the city, included 4 heads of León. as fountains and a niche with a bust of D. Gregorio Laso de la Vega, the work of the sculptor D. Francisco González Macías. In front of it, the Iglesia del Pilar de Tomás Rodríguez Rodríguez: built between 1963 and 1975 in the image of San Zenón de Verona. Designed to provide religious coverage to the Barrio del Castañar and framed by a large staircase, the Church was closed in 2016 due to damage. The complex was financed by Mr. Emilio Muñoz and his wife Mrs. María Díaz in memory of his son Mario Emilio, provisional lieutenant of the Legion who died in the Civil War, including a playground, schools, the church and a bust of his son also commissioned by González Macías.

Museums

Church of Santiago
  • Museum of Sacro Art, is the church of Santiago or La Antigua, the oldest in the city (centuryXII), apse encalado, simple tower. In its interior, important pieces such as the Lord Christ made of limestone are preserved (sixteenth centuryXVI), the painting of the Virgin of the Old (centuryXV), century-old altarpieceXVIII, graves, sculptures, liturgical clothing, etc.
  • Valeriano Salas Museum, located in the old Convent of San Francisco. In the cloister can be seen as decoration the shields of the Zuñiga, with the ducal crown and the letters F M A (Francisco and Ma Andrea de Guzmán, daughter of the Counts of Niebla, centuryXVI). There are also the shields of the Seraphic Order, with a cross in the center of 2 arms, one naked and the other with the sleeve of the Franciscan habit and in the hands, the stigmas.
  • Museum of the sculptor Mateo Hernández, installed on the site of what was the Hospital and Church of San Gil, of which only its apse, its main cover and the tower are preserved. His museum is dedicated to the Bejaran sculptor Mateo Hernández, although inside it you can also admire works of other sculptors such as González Macías and Pérez Comendador.
  • Jewish Museum David Melul, installed in a manor house with Gothic reminiscences next to the church of Santa Maria. It shows objects related to the history of the Jewish people in Béjar, in addition to a model of the villa in the centuryXV.

Fairs and festivals

Feast of the Virgin of Castañar

It is celebrated on September 8 in honor of the Virgen del Castañar, the patron saint of the town. It is a pilgrimage that accompanies the Virgin from her Sanctuary to the Mirador de la Virgen. The patron saint festivities of this place consist of several days of festivities that begin with the so-called chupinazo and proclamation on the balcony of the town hall and always end with fireworks.

Corpus Christi
Monument to Musgo Man

Procession with great roots in Béjar, promoted since the XIV century by the lords of Béjar. It is characterized for being a sample of the powers of the city. In it the Moss Men parade escorting the Spanish flag. Festival of National Tourist Interest since 2010.

Every year, in the celebrations of Corpus Christi, some men covered in moss, recall that one day, legend has it, that in the reign of Alfonso VII of León, a Christian host that was hidden in the mount of El Castañar, began the attack on the fortress of Béjar. In a verdant land, thanks to the humid climate of the Sierra de Béjar, the attackers chose to cover themselves with the best disguise: covered in moss they went to the Muslim fortress, positioned themselves next to the doors and when the sentinels opened them, they confidently cut down the watchmen and then expanded into the city, conquering it after a hard and bloody fight. The gate through which the Christians entered was called the Gate of Betrayal ever since. In the place where the attackers met to hear mass, a hermitage to Santa Marina was erected, on which day the assault took place. Since then a pilgrimage has been held, shortly after the Corpus festivities. The Corpus Christi procession has a notable historical significance in Béjar. There is evidence of its celebration since the Middle Ages. The most curious element of this religious event is the presence of the moss men, a small group of people who parade in the same covered with moss, like the primitive Christian attackers. Throughout the Spanish geography you can find similar legends of men dressed in skins, branches, etc., referring to the primitive man. But the peculiarity of Béjar is that only she has kept the tradition alive by recreating it together with the Corpus Christi procession.

Another aspect that contributes to enriching the legend are the walls, which date from the XI[ century citation required] and can become a natural setting if the project for the staging of the tradition is developed.[citation required] They date from the time when Castile was under Arab domination.[citation needed] It was enlarged in the 19th century XII, during the reign of King Alfonso VIII of Castile.[citation required]

Holy Week
Holy Week 2009
Figure of Christ

It has been celebrated for more than 600 years in the city. For a week the city is filled with passion:

  • Dolor Friday: Viacrucis de la Antigua (Hermandad de Jesús Nazareno y Ntra. Sra. de las Angustias).
  • Palm Sunday: Entrance of Jesus in Jerusalem (Santa Vera Cruz).
  • Monday: Viacrucis (Santa Vera Cruz).
  • Holy Tuesday: Procession of Ntra. Sra. de la Soledad Santa Vera Cruz y hermanos de la cofradía de la Soledad de Salamanca).
  • Holy Wednesday: Procession of Silence with Ntro. Father Jesus Nazarene (Hermanty of Jesus Nazarene and Ntra. Mrs. of the Angustias).
  • Holy Thursday: Procession of Ntra. Ms. de la Angustias (Hermanty of Jesus Nazarene and Ntra. Ms. de las Angustias).
  • Good Friday: Child Procession of Jesus of Passion (Hermanty of Jesus Nazarene and Ntra. Sra. de las Angustias).
  • Good Friday: General procession of the Holy Burial (Santa Vera Cruz).
  • Saturday of Glory: Procession of the Meeting (Jesus resurrected-Santa Vera Cruz) and Ntra. Mrs. de la Misericordia (Hermandad de Jesus Nazareno y Ntra. Sra. de las Angustias).

The Santa Vera Cruz is one of the oldest brotherhoods in Spain, its foundation dates back to 1411.

Other
  • May Fairs: first weekend. Fair of cattle and horses. Attractions for the youngest in the new fairground.
  • Béjar Spanish Film Festival. It has been held for more than 10 years the first week of August.
  • Festival de Música de Las Tres Culturas. Since the declaration of the procession of the Corpus Christi as a Regional Tourist Interest Party, this music festival of the three cultures that lived together Muslims, Jews and Christians is celebrated in the city.
  • Bejaran calderillo day. More than 30 editions celebrate this gastronomic feast on the second Sunday of August, where thousands of rations to taste the typical Bergarian dish are given to all who go up to the Castañar to this peculiar tradition.
  • Blues International Festival. It has been held for several years in the bullring of the Castañar.
  • Festival Antigua Rock - Its first edition in 2008.
  • Abejarock solidarity festival is held since 2009. Reputable group like Barricada act at this festival. It is held in August in the bullring of the city. All funds obtained are handed over to an NGO.

Gastronomy

  • Bejaran calderillo, typical peas of potatoes and beef seasoned with red pepper, onion and laurel.
  • Patatas revolts, potatoes cooked with paprika and turrets.
  • Zorongollo, red pepper salad and peeled roasted tomatoes, with olive oil, garlic and salt.
  • The lemons, orange salad, lemon, cooked or fried egg and chorizo seasoned with sugar, salt, olive oil and a red wine chorrito.
  • Hornazo, aniseed squirt-filled bun.
  • Perrunillas, typical sweet to accompany the coffee.

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