Azangaro Province

The province of Azángaro is one of the thirteen that make up the department of Puno in southern Peru. It limits to the north with the province of Carabaya, to the east with the province of San Antonio de Putina and the province of Huancané, to the south with the province of San Román and the province of Lampa, and to the west with the province of Melgar.

From the hierarchical point of view of the Catholic Church, it is part of the diocese of Puno, suffragan of the archdiocese of Arequipa.

History

After the barbaric defeat of the uprising of Túpac Amaru II, Puno passed into the administration of another viceroyalty; Before, it was dependent on the viceroyalty of Peru. Azángaro belonged to the mayor of Puno, for a short time, which in turn was part of the viceroyalty of Buenos Aires; in the ecclesiastical, to the diocese of Cusco.

It corresponds to the old Corregimiento of Asillo and Asángaro. Among its main corregidors are Willynton Cáceres, Juan Antonio del Villar, Samuel Yanarico, Juan de Luque Moreno and Lorenzo Zata y Subiría (18th century ). Rebel town.

By law of February 5, 1825, the town of Azángaro is elevated to the category of city. On June 21, the city was named the capital of the province created with the same name. Made up of eighteen districts: Achaya, Arapa, Asillo, Caminaca, Chupa, Muñani, Potoni, Putina, Samán, San Antón, San José, San Juan de Salinas, Santiago de Pupuja, Tirapata, José Domingo Choquehuanca, Pedro Vilcapaza, Huatasani and Azángaro.

Azángaro is one of the thirteen provinces of the department of Puno, north of Lake Titicaca and in the center of the department. Like most towns, the original foundation is lost in the shadows of time. Trying to make a laconic essay, we will note that there were two foundations: one pre-Inca or Quechua and the other Spanish as a product of the conquest, foundations recounted in the following history and which was published in the Aswan Qhari magazine in 1993 (it is noted that this story was published in the Aswan Kari magazine, in February 1994).

Quechua Foundation

According to the Azángaro historian and journalist Bruno Medina Enríquez and the late Prof. Odón Cárdenas Mayta, who in their publications on the history of Azángaro conceptualize that due to principles of socialization, human groups had to be formed looking for a way to satisfy their needs. needs, which could not be achieved by one alone, but rather the interrelation with other groups was necessary, so traveling was essential. Let us remember that in the past, today's means of communication did not exist, so trips took a long time. Macaya is the ancient Azángaro, a place located 6 km east side of the current city. Macaya was a pascana, that is, a resting place for muleteer travelers who came and went to Upper Peru, Cusco, Callao Plateau, Tucumán, etc. Place that gradually grew commercially. Among travelers, of course, barter took place, an exchange of products that continually grew, which is why the place was also called Aswan Q'atu; largest market place.

At the time of the Inca Empire, there were great conquests of the Collao plateau, among them some Incas: Pachakutek, Cápac Yupanki, Wayna Kapac, the first went to the plateau to subdue the Cochabambas, he crossed the Desaguadero and He conquered the Charcas, probably upon his return to Cusco, in the northern part of the lake, he came across the town of Macaya located as the main seat of the Colla kingdom of the Omasuyos. Subjecting them to bloody confrontations that were repeated at various other times. What is known is that the locals offered strong resistance to being subjugated by the Incas, which is why they were called the Aswan Qharis, that is, they were very men, brave.

In November 1532, the Inca Atao Wallpa, being a prisoner of the Spanish conquerors, offered for his freedom to fill two quarters with silver and one with gold, consequently he ordered that precious gold and silver objects be taken from the entire empire. To which many priests oppose (Rumi Ñawi fled with many treasures), once the forty-day period has expired to fulfill his offer, the Inca is tried, accused and sentenced to death. Faced with Pizarro's deception, the priests of the Empire order the hiding of many treasures, which were not and given to the conquerors: Aswan Karuman Apaichis, which means that the riches were hidden very far away, and that they would have arrived through those places. That is, Aswan qaru.

We will also note that some authors consider that there was a great culture called the Sangarus (Aswanqharis), which also served as the basis for the name Azángaro. When the Spanish arrived, they adapted these names to Spanish, summarizing them in Azángaro for ease of pronunciation.

Realistic foundation Azángaro was discovered by the Toledo captain Don Manuel Ortiz Aguilar (in November 1535) the father (priest) Crisóstomo de Rodrigo, overseer of the baptism doctrine of the Collao Indians in 1535, is the first to report on the existence of Azángaro, which was located in the place called Macaya and where an idol, possibly a cat, was worshiped and whose eyes were made of precious stones. For the Christian indoctrination of this place, the doctrine of Nuestra Señora del Rosario was founded, a small church built under the direction of the Dominican father Tomás de San Martín y Acosta (the same one who founded the Univ. San Marcos) and the participation of the chief Fabián Mango. Despite the above, idolatry continued in Macaya and it also grew, water was scarce, so it was decided to move the place of indoctrination to a place called Yanaqaqa or black stone (behind the current Choquechambi hill) past the river called K'ari Mayu, which means 'river of men'. That is, the current Azángaro River. This place is owned by the rich of that time; the Mango, the Turpo, the Choquehuanca (later traitors to the libertarian cause). Being governor and main chief of Azángaro, Don Diego Chuquihuanca, by royal decree of July 5, 1586, from the viceroy Don Fernando Torres y Portugal, count of Villar (7Q viceroy, the king of Spain was Philip II), obtained authorization for the transfer of the Azángaro site, but not before confronting a series of oppositions...

The Spaniards had a peculiar way of founding cities, Azángaro could not be the exception, the authorities and representatives in a ceremonial procession that the opportunity demanded, located the place where the different divisions and future institutions would be established, then they distributed the plots, The first thing was the Church, Our Lady of the Assumption of Azángaro and whose first stone was laid on August 22, 1586 by Diego Chuquihuanca, in this way the Spanish foundation of Azángaro was carried out. The missing Azangaro writer Alberto Roselló, when supporting his work The foundation of Azángaro, to the municipality that submitted a competition on the date for its commemoration, based on a file from the Chuquihuanka family and which is a certificate granted by the mayor Don Vasco de Contreras, notes: «I Don Vasco de Contreras, assistant to His Majesty and mayor of the Omasuyos Party, conferred and gave corporal possession to this Don Diego Chuquihuanka of the position of governor and main chief of Azángaro and in my presence and attendance on this same day, twenty-second of August, one thousand five hundred and eighty-six, octave of the Assumption of the Virgin; This same Don Diego sent the first foundations of the Church of this town of Azángaro at his expense and in charge of what I certify. With the existence of this document, the date of Spanish founding is established to be commemorated on August 22 of each year.

Colonial era The arrival of the Spanish to Azángaro occurred in 1535. In 1542 the viceroyalty of Peru was created, covering three audiences: that of Lima, that of La Plata and that of Chile, on this occasion Puno and Azángaro, belong to this viceroyalty and to the Court of Lima... In 1561 the Court of Charcas and Azángaro was created with Puno belonging to this court.

In 1565 the corregimientos were created, the corregidores as authorities became the main exploiters, which created the need to shorten distances between the audiences.

In 1573 Cusco was divided: one part for Lima and the other part for the bishopric of La Paz, including Azángaro.

In 1776, the viceroyalty of Buenos Aires was created, which encompasses the jurisdiction of Charcas and, as expected, all the towns of that audience belong to it. That is, Azángaro and Puno. Consequently, Azángaro, as of today, belongs to the viceroyalty of Buenos Aires. There are some claims regarding this incorporation, but in 1777 a royal decree is issued in which the previously noted is confirmed.

In 1780, the great libertarian movement against Spanish imperialism took place, the only one that shook the structural foundations of absolutism, led by José Gabriel Condorcanqui, Túpac Amaru II, a movement in which the Azangarian hero Pedro Vilca Apaza had a transcendental participation and Consequently, it requires the Spanish Crown to carry out some retakes. In 1787 the Court of Cusco was created and its limits included Azángaro, Lampa and Carabaya. Spain, throughout its government, adopted a series of models, thus the municipalities appeared as a new form of organization, they were created in Peru in 1782. In 1785 the Municipality of Puno was created and Azángaro was included as an integral part of it. Visualizing, Azángaro belonged to the viceroyalty of Buenos Aires politically. Ecclesiastically, to the diocese of Cusco, dependent on the bishopric of La Paz, and administratively, to the new mayor of Puno. In 1796, a royal decree was issued dated February 1st in which the Intendancy of Puno was returned to the viceroyalty of Peru. But this was not definitive and, due to a series of claims, it was left in suspense; until we were surprised by the great events of emancipation. After the proclamation of independence, the towns have to decide on their nationality, especially those that suffered continuous changes, as is the case of Azángaro. On April 26, 1822, through a decree of the supreme delegate of Peru (Peru governed) José B. Torre Tagle, regulating the elections for deputies (Independence had passed and the glorious days of Junín and Ayacucho were still missing), Puno was incorporated. as a department of Peru and Azángaro as its province. That is, this reincorporation gives us back Peruvian nationality; founded and sufficient reason for Puno and Azángaro to consider this date as transcendental and commemorative, because it is the return to the homeland. What was noted above is ratified by the National Congress.

Officially on June 21, 1825, due to elections, Puno reappeared as a department and Azángaro was elevated to province and its districts were recognized (in 1856 Castilla also ratified it). The Liberator of the North, Simón Bolívar, taking up the clamor of Upper Peru, founded the Republic of Bolivia on August 6, 1825 and happily found the documents previously noted and was forced to respect them, and the entire department of Puno remained in the jurisdiction of Peru. While the rest of Upper Peru (which had recently been freed from the control of the Spanish royalists) became part of the new republic.

Republican era

In 1825, by law of February 5, Azángaro was elevated to the category of city. 1825, by law of June 21, Azángaro was created as the capital of the province of the same name with its 18 districts: Achaya, Arapa, Asillo, Caminaca, Chupa, Muñani, Potoni, Putina, Samán, San Antón San José, San Juan of Salinas, Santiago de Pupuja, Tirapata, José Domingo Choquehuanca, Pedro Vilcapaza, Huatasani and Azángaro.

Azángaro thus officially becomes one of the five provinces that would make up the department of Puno in its republican beginnings, to be named: Azángaro, Carabaya, Chucuito, Lampa and Paucarcolla. Some time after the province of Paucarcolla, the province of Huancané would emerge and, much later, the province of Paucarcolla would become part of Cercado. That is, the province of Puno.

Keep in mind that the department of Puno was dominated by the royalist army until December 29, 1824, when the patriots took the city of Puno and incorporated it into republican Peru, and Upper Peru (Charcas) was The following year it would become the Republic of Bolívar (Bolivia).

On April 18, 1828, the National Congress of the Republic conferred on Azángaro the honorable title of meritorious and heroic people of Vilcapaza for its participation in the libertarian feat and that it is the commitment of every Azangaro to maintain this line. issues Law No. 25065, of June 20, 1989, granting it the title Azángaro land of hero, cradle of the emancipatory revolution of Pedro Vilca Apaza.

Geography

Azángaro has an area of 4970.01 km² and is located near the eastern mountain range, away from the influence of Titicaca.

Administrative division

The province is divided into fifteen districts:

1. Azángaro
2. Achaya
3. Arapa
4. Ring
5. Caminaca
6. Chupa
7. José Domingo Choquehuanca
8. Muñani
9. Potoni
10. Samana
11. San Antón
12. San José
13. San Juan de Salinas
14. Santiago de Pupuja
15. Tirapata

Population

It is the third province with the largest number of inhabitants in the department of Puno, its production is basically agricultural.

According to the 2007 census, the province had a population of 136,829 inhabitants.

Capital

The capital is the city of Azángaro.

Authorities

Policies

• Subprefect: Miguel Quispe Huanca

Regional

• Regional advisers
  • 2019-2022
  1. Pelayo Cuba Pérez (Poder Andino)
  2. Walter Mamani Quispe (Movimiento de Integración por el Desarrollo Regional, Mi Casita)

Municipal

• 2019-2022
  • Mayor: Flavio Jesús Mamani Hancco, Managed Works and Opportunities with Leadership.
  • Regivers:
  1. Alberto Masco Choquehuanca (Management of Works and Opportunities with Leadership)
  2. Edward Alvaro Mayta Ccuno (Managing Works and Opportunities with Leadership)
  3. Guido Alfredo Machaca Machaca (Manufacturing Works and Opportunities with Leadership)
  4. Darío Walter Cutisaca Turpo (Manufacturing Works and Opportunities with Leadership)
  5. Juan Aquilino Jala Yucra (Managing Works and Opportunities with Leadership)
  6. Edgar Ovidio Huacoto Collanqui (Manufacturing Works and Opportunities with Leadership)
  7. Lourdes Inofuente Sánchez (Manufacturing Works and Opportunities with Leadership)
  8. Joel Evaristo Choquehuanca Hancco (Poder Andino)
  9. Jorge Hernán Neira Hercilla (Poder Andino)
  10. Héctor Efraín Vilca Condori (Movimiento de Integración por el Desarrollo Regional, Mi Casita)
  11. Julio César Vizcarra Cruz (Popular Action)

Previous mayors

• 2015-2018: Isidro Solórzano Pinaya, Movimiento Proyecto de la Integración para la Cooperación (PICO).
• 2014: Walter Cotacallapa Álvarez, of the Andean Regional Reform Movement Integration, Economic and Social Participation (RAICES).
• 2011-2014: Efraín Murillo Quispe, of the Andean Regional Reform Movement Integration, Economic and Social Participation (RAICES).

Police

• Commissioner: PNP

Education

Educational institutions

• Emblematic IES Pedro Vilcapaza.
• Emblematic IES INA 21 José Domingo Choquehuanca
• IES Peru Birf
• Colegio particular César Vallejo
• IES José Reyes Luján
• IES Application
• Private College Johann Mendel
• Trade
• IES José Antonio Encinas

Festivities

In the capital of the province it is celebrated: On August 15, the Feast of the Virgin of the Assumption is celebrated, with vespers, Central Day with a procession, a commercial fair, the largest Agricultural Fair in the north of Puno. Dances and shows.

January 1, 2 and 3, the octave of the Nativity of the Child Jesus is celebrated, a patron festival known as the Machu Niño Festival, currently the largest patron festival in the north of Puno, the entire population celebrates with dance troupes and music groups, a parade of veneration of the Child Jesus, a dance and music contest, a folk parade with the participation of neighborhoods, public and private entities, social and cultural clubs, in three days of celebrations with various alferados who assume the attention in the neighborhood festivals and in their own institutions. In recent years it has become a challenging folklore show and colorful dance expression.

However, all districts have their particular religious festivals. What is common to celebrate throughout the province are carnivals, because in this province, there is a very wide variety of carnival dances, all called pujllay (game), to the rhythm of wiphalas, tarpuy, etc. It must be taken into account that it is the province where the largest number of native dances of Puno have always been practiced.