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Conscious is a term used by Sigmund Freud, as an adjective to qualify a psychic state, or as a noun, to indicate the location of certain processes constituting the functioning of the psychic apparatus. In this sense, the conscious, together with the preconscious and the unconscious, is one of the three instances of the first Freudian topic. For philosophy, conscience is the human faculty to decide actions and assume responsibility for the consequences according to the conception of good and evil. A conscious person, in this sense, is one who is responsible, who does not act negligently and who tries to minimize the negative consequences of his actions.

The conscious designates the set of experiences that the subject can account for through an act of internal perception. It is common to indicate that for psychoanalysis the conscious designates the most superficial layer of the mind, emphasizing the value that the unconscious has in the subject's life, particularly in everything related to the sphere of feeling and motivation. But we must not forget that psychoanalysis rests on the subject's awareness of the repressed impulses and desires the foundation of psychoanalytic therapy and of healing itself.

Whether it is the adjective or the noun, Freud often uses the term conscious as a synonym for conscience, except when it comes to "moral conscience" (psychic process related to the constitution of the ego ideal and the superego).

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