August 22nd

August 22 is the 234th (two hundred and thirty-fourth) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar and the 235th in leap years. There are 131 days left to end the year.

Events

• 392: Arbogastes chooses Eugene as the new emperor of the Western Roman Empire.
• 476: Odoacro is named "Rex italiae" by his own troops.
• 502 (Friday): At night, the Israeli city of Acre is completely destroyed by an 8-degree earthquake on the Richter scale. According to archaeological records, half of Tyre (8°), Sidon (7°), Beirut (7°) and Safed (6°) are destroyed.
• 1138: Battle of the Standard: Battle that confronted David I of Scotland against the troops of King Stephen of England.
• 1485: Battle of Bosworth: Considered the most important battle of the War of the Two Roses, faces the pretender to the throne Henry Tudor against King Richard III of England for the English crown.
• 1526: In the Pacific Ocean, the conqueror Toribio Alonso de Salazar conquers the Carolina Islands.
• 1559: Archbishop Bartolomé Carranza is arrested, accused of heresy.
• 1639: the city of Chennai (formerly Madras) is founded by the British East India Company.
• 1642: Charles I of England calls the members of the British Parliament traitors. Start the English Civil War.
• 1646: In the former State of the West (Mexico), Ignacio Molarja and Jerónimo de la Canal founded the Jesuit mission of Our Lady of the Assumption of Arizpe, today Arizpe in the current state of Sonora.
• 1717: Spanish troops stand in Sardinia.
• 1770: James Cook acquires the east coast of Australia called New South Wales in the name of George III of England.
• 1780: the ship of James Cook, the HMS Resolution, returns to England without the Cook himself, who was killed in Hawaii.
• 1791: Begins the Haitian Revolution
• 1827: in Peru, José de La Mar assumes the presidency.
• 1846: the beginning of the Second Federal Republic of Mexico is decreed
• 1846: The English archaeologist William Jhon Thoms used for the first time the term "folklor" that will derive in the term folklore.
• 1848: The United States annexes New Mexico.
• 1851: the American gulet wins the first edition of the Cien Guineas Cup (then American Cup).
• 1864: in Geneva, Switzerland, the Welfare Society signed the First Geneva Convention, giving birth to what would later be called the International Red Cross.
• 1902: Cadillac Motor Company is born.
• 1910: Japan officially announces the annexation of Korea.
• 1922: Michael Collins, commander-in-chief of the Irish Free State Army, is shot down during the Irish Civil War.
• 1926: In Greece the dictatorship of Theodoros Pangalos ends, by a military coup led by Georges Kondylis.
• 1930: in Peru the commander Luis Miguel Sánchez Cerro leads a coup against Augusto Leguía.
• 1932: In London, UK, BBC performs its first experiments with television.
• 1934: In the United States, a group of entrepreneurs tries to seduce General Smedley Butler (1881-1940) to overthrow Franklin Delano Roosevelt. They claim that the New Deal designed by the president to reactivate the country does not do well to the business class.
• 1942: Second World War: Brazil declares war on Germany and Italy.
• 1944:
  • World War II: Romania is invaded by the Soviet Union.
  • World War II: Holocaust of Kedros, in Crete, by German troops.
• 1950: tennis player Althea Gibson becomes the first African American player in an international tennis competition.
• 1951: On the 9th Avenue of July, in Buenos Aires, Argentina, the Open Court of Justice is held to present Perón-Evita, the Formula of the Homeland. However, Evita Perón resigns from participating in the presidential formula (for the re-election of President Perón).
• 1952: In French Guyana, the criminal colony of the Devil Island is definitely closed.
• 1962: Failed attempt to murder President Charles de Gaulle.
• 1964: in the area of atomic testing in Nevada (about 100 km northwest of the city of Las Vegas), at 14:17 a.m. (local time) United States detonates its 18 kiloton Canvasback atomic bomb (448 m underground). It is the bomb number 381 of the 1132 that the United States detonated between 1945 and 1992.
• 1968: Pope Paul VI arrives in Bogotá. It's a pope's first visit to Latin America.
• 1972: John Wojtowicz, along with Salvatore Naturale and Robert Westenberg, tried to steal a branch of the Chase Manhattan bank in Gravesend, Brooklyn. They held seven hostages inside the branch for 14 hours, Westenberg fled the building before the robbery began. Finally, they ended up negotiating with the police, and they were taken in a car with the hostages to John F. Kennedy Airport to leave the country (eight airport would be assaulted years later by the Lucchese Family), when they arrived, the police killed Salvatore with a shot and arrested John. Such an event would inspire the 1975 film Tarde de Perros.
• 1972:
  • at the Almirante Zar Air Base (Argentine Patagonia) the Argentine Navy murders 16 militant guerrilla extremists from left-wing armed organizations (Masacre de Trelew).
  • Rodesia (now Zimbabwe) is expelled from the International Olympic Committee for its racist policies.
• 1973: In Chile, Congress votes in favour of the resolution to condemn the Salvador Allende government by determining the illegality of its government and declaring it out of the law.
• 1978: in Managua (Nicaragua), a FSLN guerrilla command led by Edén Pastora takes over the National Palace at Operation Chanchera during a session of the Congress.
• 1991: the Soviet army begins its withdrawal from the three Baltic republics (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania).
• 1994: the reform of the Argentine Constitution is approved in Argentina.
• 2003: at the Alcántara launch centre (in northern Brazil) a VLS-3 rocket explodes, instantly killing 21 Brazilian scientists and engineers.
• 2004: at the Munch Museum in Oslo (Norway), two paintings by the expressionist Edvard Munch, The scream and MadonnaThey are robbed in full daylight and armed.
• 2010: in Atacama (Chile), after 17 days of search, the 33 miners trapped in the San José site are found alive.
• 2020:
  • the DC Fandome, a global online comic book convention focused on DC Entertainment media franchises, is organized.
  • in Belarus, President Alexandr Lukashenko orders the Army to strengthen the defense of “territorial integrity” in the midst of the civil crisis in the country.
  • In Peru, there is a massive stampede of people at the Thomas Restobar disco, in the heart of the COVID-19 pandemic, leaving a balance of 13 deceased.

Births

Frederick II of Saxony.

• 1412: Frederick II, Saxon king (f. 1464).
• 1601: Georges de Scudéry, French writer and academic (f. 1667).
• 1624: Jean Regnault de Segrais, French writer (f. 1701).
• 1647: Denis Papin, French physicist and inventor (f. 1712).
• 1749: Bishop Verdugo (Manuel Verdugo and Albiturría), Spanish religious (f. 1816).
• 1760: Leo XII, Italian potato (f. 1829).
• 1764: Charles Percier, French architect and designer (f. 1838).

Henry Maudslay.

• 1771: Henry Maudslay, British inventor (f. 1831).
• 1773: Aimé Bonpland, French explorer and botanist (f. 1858).
• 1811: William Kelly, American inventor (f. 1888).
• 1818: Rudolf von Ihering, German jurist and philosopher (f. 1892).
• 1827: Ezra Butler Eddy, a Canadian politician and businessman (f. 1906).
• 1834: Samuel Pierpont Langley, American astronomer (f. 1906).
• 1841: Joaquín Crespo, Venezuelan military and political president of the nation (f. 1898).
• 1843: Manuel Sales and Ferré archaeologist, philosopher, Spanish historian (f. 1910).
• 1851: Salvador Calderón and Arana, geologist, botanist and zoologist (f. 1911).
• 1854: Milan I of Serbia, king of Serbia (f. 1901).
• 1857: Juan Picasso González, Spanish military, second uncle of the painter Pablo Ruiz Picasso (f. 1935).
• 1860:
  • Paul Nipkow, German engineer (f. 1940).
  • Leonor Reuss-Köstritz, zarina de Bulgaria (f. 1917).

Claude Debussy.

• 1862: Claude Debussy, French composer (f. 1918).
• 1869: Jaime Pujiula, a Spanish priest and biologist (f. 1958).
• 1873: Alexander Bogdanov, Russian physicist and philosopher (f. 1928).
• 1874: Max Scheler, a German social and religious philosopher (f. 1928).
• 1877: Ananda Coomaraswamy, an Anglo-Indian philosopher.
• 1879: Valentine of Zubiaurre, Spanish painter (f. 1963).
• 1880: George Herriman, author of American comics (f. 1944).
• 1887: Lutz Schwerin von Krosigk, German chancellor (f. 1977).
• 1890: Floyd Allport, an American social psychologist (f. 1978).
  

  Dorothy Parker.
• 1891:
  • Jacques Lipchitz, Lithuanian Cubist sculptor (f. 1973).
  • Francis McDonald, American actor (f. 1968).
• 1893:
  • Cecil Kellaway, British actor (f. 1973).
  • Dorothy Parker, American poet and writer (f. 1967).
• 1895: Laszló Almásy, Hungarian aviator (f. 1951).
• 1902:
  • Erwin Kramer, German politician (f. 1979).
  • Leni Riefenstahl, German actress and filmmaker (f. 2003).

Deng Xiaoping.

• 1904: Deng Xiaoping, Chinese politician (f. 1997).
• 1907: Luis Felipe Vivanco, Spanish poet (f. 1975).
• 1908: Henri Cartier-Bresson, French photographer (f. 2004).
• 1910: Lucille Ricksen, American actress (f. 1925).

John Lee Hooker.

• 1912: John Lee Hooker, American blues singer and guitarist (f. 2001).

Ray Bradbury.

• 1920:
  • Ray Bradbury American science fiction writer (f. 2012).
  • Denton Cooley, American surgeon (f. 2016).
  • Isaac Díaz Pardo, intellectual and Spanish artist (f. 2012).
• 1921: Sotiria Bellou, Greek singer (f. 1997).
• 1923:
  • José Muñoz Ávila, Spanish politician (f. 2011).
  • Han Moo-hyup, a South Korean military and businessman (f. 2017).
• 1924: James Kirkwood, Jr., American screenwriter (f. 1989).
• 1925:
  • Honor Blackman, British actress (f. 2020).
  • Miguel Torra, Spanish footballer (f. 2014).
• 1926: Angela Jeria, Chilean archaeologist (f. 2020).
• 1928:
  • Karlheinz Stockhausen, German composer of classical music (f. 2007).
  • Roberto Aizenberg, Argentine painter and sculptor (n. 1996).
• 1930: Gylmar dos Santos Neves, Brazilian footballer (f. 2013).
• 1933: René Dahinden, Swiss zoologist (f. 2001).
• 1934: Norman Schwarzkopf, American military (f. 2012).
• 1935: Annie Proulx, American writer.
• 1937: Raúl Lavié, singer of Argentine tango.
• 1940: Valerie Harper, American actress.
• 1943: Masatoshi Shima, Japanese computer.
• 1944: Peter Hofmann, German tenor (f. 2010).
• 1945: David Chase, American writer and director.
• 1947:
  • Donna Godchaux, American rock singer (Grateful Dead).
  • Cindy Williams, American actress.
• 1948:
  • Carlos Geywitz, Chilean poet (f. 2008).
  • David Marks, American composer and guitarist of pop and rock (The Beach Boys).
• 1949: Thorarinn Eldjárn, Icelandic writer.
• 1952:
  • Giovanna Pollarolo, Peruvian writer.
  • Santiago Santamaría, Argentine footballer (f. 2013).
• 1954: José Ramón Novoa, Uruguayan director.
• 1955: Chiranjeevi, an actor and a Hindu politician.
• 1957: Steve Davis, British snooker player.
• 1958:
  • Colm Feore, American actor.
  • Vernon Reid, American guitarist and composer (Living Colour).
• 1959:
  • Juan Croucier, American composer and guitarist of Cuban origin, of heavy metal.
  • Mark Williams, British actor and screenwriter.

Andrés Calamaro.

• 1961:
  • Andrés Calamaro, Argentine singer of rock and pop.
  • Roland Orzabal, British pop rock musician (Tears for Fears).
  • Silvia Peyrou, an Argentine actress.

Tori Amos.

• 1963:
  • Tori Amos, singer, pianist and American pop rock composer.
  • Terry Catledge, American basketball player.
• 1964:
  • Mats Wilander, Swedish tennis player.
  • Diane Setterfield, British writer.
• 1966:
  • GZA, American rapper (Wu-Tang Clan).
  • Rob Witschge, Dutch footballer.
• 1967:
  • Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje, a British actor of Nigerian origin.
  • Ty Burrell, American actor.
  • Alfred Gough, American producer and screenwriter.
  • Layne Staley, American singer of grounge (Alice in Chains).
  • Yukiko Okada, Japanese singer and actress (f. 1986).
• 1968:
  • Alexander Mostovoi, Russian footballer.
  • Anne Nurmi, Finnish gothic metal, Lacrimosa band.
  • Horst Skoff, Austrian tennis player (f. 2008).
• 1970: Giada De Laurentiis, a chef and an Italian-American writer.
• 1971: Richard Armitage, British actor.
• 1972: Max Wilson, Brazilian racing pilot.
• 1973:
  • Howie Dorough, American pop singer (Backstreet Boys).
  • Kristen Wiig, comic, American actress and writer.
• 1974:
  • Luz Elena González, Mexican actress.
  • Lili Campos Miranda, Mexican policy
  • Agustín Pichot, Argentine rugby player.
• 1975:
  • Rodrigo Santoro, Brazilian actor.
  • Franco Squillari, Argentine tennis player.
• 1977:
  • Heiðar Helguson, Icelandic footballer.
  • John Javier Restrepo, Colombian footballer.
• 1978:
  • Jeff Stinco, Canadian guitarist of Italian pop punk (Simple Plan).
  • James Corden, a British television driver.
• 1979: Jennifer Finnigan, Canadian actress.
• 1981:
  • Sofia Elliot, an Argentine actress.
  • Takumi Saitō, Japanese actor and model.
  • Logan Pause, American footballer.
• 1982:
  • Rodrigo Nehme, Mexican actor.
  • Marco Wölfli, Swiss footballer.
• 1983:
  • Theo Bos, Dutch cyclist.
  • Nacho, Venezuelan regatta singer.
  • Laura Breckenridge, American actress.
• 1984: Lee Camp, British footballer.
• 1986: Keiko Kitagawa, Japanese actress.
• 1988:
  • Marco Mancosu, Italian footballer.
  • Artem Dzyuba, Russian footballer.
• 1989: Giacomo Bonaventura, Italian footballer.
• 1991: Federico Macheda, Italian footballer.
• 1992: Vladimír Coufal, Czech footballer.
• 1993: Zach Muscat, Maltese footballer.
• 1995: Dua Lipa, British pop singer.
• 1998: Germán Bracco, Mexican actor
• 1999: Dakota Goyo, Canadian actor.
• 2001: Mateusz Bogusz, Polish footballer.

Deaths

• 408: Stylicone, Roman general (n. 359).
• 1155: Konoe, 76th Japanese emperor (n. 1139).

Gregorio IX.

• 1241: Gregory IX, Roman pope (n. 1143).
• 1280: Nicholas III, Roman Pope (n. 1216).

Philip VI of France.

• 1350: Philip VI of France (n. 1293).
• 1358: Isabel de France (n. 1292).
• 1485: Richard III, English king (n. 1452).
• 1553: John Dudley, general, admiral and English politician (n. 1504).
• 1584: Jan Kochanowski, Polish poet (n. 1530).
• 1599: Luca Marenzio, Italian composer (n. 1553).
• 1607: Bartholomew Gosnold, English lawyer and explorer (n. 1572).
• 1609: Rabbi Judah Loew, mystical and Polish philosopher (n. 1525).
• 1652: Jacob De la Gardie, a Swedish soldier and statesman (n. 1583).
• 1680: John George II of Saxony (n. 1613).
• 1700: Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora, literato, astronomer and scientist novohispano (n. 1645).
• 1752: William Whiston, British mathematician (n. 1667).
• 1773: George Lyttelton, British politician (n. 1709).
• 1806: Jean-Honoré Fragonard, French painter (n. 1732).
• 1811: Juan de Villanueva, Spanish architect (n. 1739).
• 1818: Warren Hastings, a British politician and colonial administrator (n. 1732).
• 1822: Pedro León Torres, Venezuelan military, procer de la Independencia (n. 1788)
• 1823: Lazare Carnot, French mathematician and political (n. 1753).
• 1828: Franz Joseph Gall, German physiologist, founder of Frenology (n. 1758).
• 1835: Leopoldo Nobili, Italian physicist (n. 1784).
• 1850: Nikolaus Lenau, Austrian poet (n. 1802).
• 1861: Xianfeng, Chinese emperor (n. 1831).

María Cristina de Borbón-Dos Sicilias.

• 1878: María Cristina de Borbón, queen consorte española entre 1829 y 1833, y regent entre 1833 y 1840 (n. 1806).
• 1891: Jan Neruda, Czech writer (n. 1834).
• 1903: Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, British politician (n. 1830).
• 1904: Kate Chopin, American writer (n. 1850).
• 1906: Quintin Banderas, patriot and Cuban guerrilla (n. 1837).
• 1918: Korbinian Brodmann, German neurologist (n. 1868).
• 1920: Anders Zorn, Swedish painter (n. 1860).

Michael Collins.

• 1922:
  • Michael Collins, Irish leader and politician (n. 1890).
  • Liberato Marcial Rojas, President of Paraguay (n. 1870).
• 1936:
  • Melquiades Álvarez, Spanish politician (n. 1864).
  • José María Hinojosa, Spanish poet (n. 1904).
  • Julio Ruiz de Alda, Spanish aviator (n. 1888).
• 1937: Gelegdorjiin Demid, Mongol military (n. 1900)
• 1940:
  • Isidro Goma, clergyman and Spanish writer (n. 1869).
  • Oliver Joseph Lodge, British physicist and writer (n. 1851).
• 1942: Michel Fokine, Russian choreographer and dancer (n. 1880).
• 1946: Döme Sztójay, soldier and Hungarian diplomat (n. 1883).
• 1949: Amado Aguirre Santiago, engineer, military and Mexican politician (n. 1863).
• 1950: Antonio Ejarque Pina, Spanish anarchist (n. 1905).
• 1958: Roger Martin du Gard, French novelist, Nobel Prize in Literature in 1937 (n. 1881).
• 1962: Amada Díaz, Mexican woman, daughter of President Porfirio Díaz (n. 1867).
• 1965: Ellen Church, first steward of history (n. 1904).
• 1967: Gregory Goodwin Pincus, American biologist (n. 1903).
• 1970:
  • Bernardo Giner de los Ríos, Spanish architect and politician (n. 1888).
  • Vladimir Propp, Russian scholar (n. 1895).
• 1972: young revolutionary militants are killed in the Massacre of Trelew
  • Carlos Astudillo (n. 1944).
  • Eduardo Capello
  • Mario Emilio Delfino (n. 1942).
  • Alfredo Kohan
  • Susana Lesgart (22), a large guerrilla (n. 1949).
  • José Ricardo Mena
  • Michelangelo Polti (21), n. 1951.
  • Clarisa Lea Place
  • Mariano Pujadas
  • Carlos Alberto del Rey
  • María Angélica Sabelli
  • Humberto Suárez
  • Humberto Toschi
  • Alejandro Ulla
  • Ana María Villarreal de Santucho
• 1974: Jacob Bronowski, British mathematician and biologist (n. 1908).

Juscelino Kubitschek.

• 1976: Juscelino Kubitschek, politician and Brazilian president (n. 1902).
• 1977: Sebastian Cabot, British actor (n. 1918).
• 1978: Jomo Kenyatta, Kenyan politician, prime minister between 1963 and 1964 and president between 1964 and 1978, founding father of Kenya (n. 1894).
• 1980:
  • James Smith McDonnell, American magnate (n. 1899).
  • Alfred Neubauer, German manager of the Mercedes-Benz motor vehicle team (n. 1891).
• 1989: Huey P. Newton, American politician, co-founder of the Black Panther Party (n. 1942).
• 1991: Colleen Dewhurst, Canadian actress (n. 1924).
• 1998: Elena Garro, Mexican writer (n. 1920).
• 2001: José María de Azcárate Ristori, Spanish art historian (n. 1919).
• 2002: Manuel Lora-Tamayo, a Spanish chemist and politician (n. 1904).

Argentine Empire.

• 2003: Argentine Empire, dancer, Spanish actress and singer (n. 1906).
• 2005: Luc Ferrari, French composer (n. 1929).
• 2008: Erik Thommesen, Danish sculptor (n. 1916).
• 2010:
  • Raúl Oscar Bethlehem, Argentine footballer (n. 1931).
  • Stjepan Bobek, player and Yugoslav football coach (n. 1923).
• 2011: Jack Layton, a Canadian Social Democratic politician (n. 1950).
• 2012:
  • Nina Bawden, English writer (n. 1925).
  • Paulino Matip Nhial, a Sudanese politician and rebel.
• 2016: Sellapan Ramanathan, Singaporean politician, president of Singapore between 1999 and 2011 (n. 1924).
• 2017: Han Moo-hyup, a South Korean military and businessman (n. 1923).
• 2018: Jesús Torbado, Spanish writer and journalist (n. 1943).
• 2019: Gary Ray Bowles, American serial killer (n. 1962).

Celebrations

• International Day of Commemoration of Victims of Violence Based on Religion or Belief
• SpainSpain: Asturias, Luarca (Council of Valdés): San Timoteo Day.
• Uruguay Uruguay: Day of the Rights of Man and the Citizen.
• Mexico Mexico: National Fire Day.
• Paraguay Paraguay: Folklore Day
• Argentina: National Folklore Day
• International Day of Booktuber

Catholic saints list

• Coronation of Mary Queen.
• San Fabriciano de Toledo, San Felipe Benicio, San Filiberto de Toledo, San Juan Wall, San Juan Kemble, San Sinforiano, San Timoteo de Roma.
• Blessed Bernardo Peroni, Blessed Elias Leymarie de Laroche, Blessed Jacobo Bianconi, Blessed Simeon Lukac, Blessed Timothy of Montcle, Blessed Thomas Percy.
• San Guinefort, France.