Annex:Roman Emperors

Statue of Augustus, the first emperor.

The following is a chronological listing of the Roman emperors from the establishment of the Principality to the fall of the Western Roman Empire, including comments for each. The list contains 74 rulers up to the year 395, followed by 15 in the West. The succession in the Eastern Roman Empire, also called the Byzantine Empire, continues in the >list of Byzantine emperors.

The first "Roman Emperor" was Octavian, although he never called himself such. Instead, he received the cognomen of Augustus ( Augustus , & # 34; the illustrious & # 34;), adopting the name Imperator Caesar Augustus . None of the parties represented an official title or position, because, in theory, they continued to govern under the rules of the Roman Republic. It was not until the rise of his successors that these components began to acquire title status.The list excludes most Roman usurpers, specifically those who were unable to overthrow the reigning emperor or wield significant authority. In theory, the "legitimacy" of an emperor was based on the Lex de Imperio Principis, which established that the imperial investiture could only take place after the approval of the Roman Senate. However, this legality deteriorated during the Dominate, when the government began to function as an absolute monarchy.

After the Crisis of the 3rd century, the imperial administration was reformed and the Empire was divided into a western and an eastern half, each ruled by an Augustus. This division was consolidated after the death of Theodosius I the Great in 395, after which each moiety had an independent succession of emperors. The West collapsed in 476, but the imperial title survived in the East until the fall of Constantinople in 1453., an event that marked the definitive end of the Roman Empire.

Structure of the list

Constitutional legitimacy was irrelevant in the Roman Empire, as emperors were only "legitimate" to the extent that they could exercise authority throughout the Empire. To maintain historical consistency, this list has the following inclusion criteria:

• Pretenders who gained control over the entire Empire, even if only briefly, they are considered legitimate. From 284, when the imperial power was divided into two colleagues in the West and the East, control over a single half is sufficient for a pretender to be considered legitimate, as is the case of the last Western emperors. Rómulo Augustulo, the "last emperor of the West", was technically a usurper who never gained recognition outside Italy. Many "legitimate" emperors began to be "users," as is the case of Constantine I the Great, who reunified the Empire after overthrowing the "legitimate" emperor, Licinius.
• Pretenders who were proclaimed or recognized by another legitimate emperor are considered legitimate. The minor co-emperers, that is, those who never exercised real power, are not always considered as "full emperors". The practice of proclaiming emperor children would begin from the centuryIII and would be permanently standardized during the Byzantine period, with the introduction of titles basileus and autocrator. The minor co-emperators are completely excluded from the lists of Byzantine rulers, so the same criterion applies here.
• Pretenders who were proclaimed or recognized by the Roman Senate, especially in times of uncertainty, are treated as legitimate emperors due to the nominal role of the Senate as an elective body. In later times this criterion passes by default to the possession and control of Rome (and Constantinople in the East).

The numbering is only for informational purposes of Wikipedia, without any official or historical value.

Principality (27 BC-AD 235)

Julio-Claudian Dynasty (27 BC-AD 68)

#	Portrait	Name	Home	Fin	Notes	R.
1		Augusto Gaius Iulius Caesar Augustus	16 January 27 a. C.	19 August 14	Born as Gaius Octavius and adopted by his grandfather Julio César. In 31 B.C., the civil war ended and the control of the Roman Republic was done. It was proclaimed Augustus and Princeps by the Senate in 27 B.C. He died of natural causes at the age of 76, after 40 years of government. It was later deified.
2		Tiberius Tiberius Iulius Caesar	17 September 14	16 March 37	Yerno and adoptive son of Augustus, born as Tiberius Claudius. He was appointed successor after the death of Lucio and Cayo César. His popularity declined during his last years, when he left politics in the hands of Sejano and retired to the island of Capri. He died of natural causes at the age of 77, after 23 years of government.
3		Caligula Gaius Iulius Caesar	16 March 37	24 January 41	nephew grandson and adoptive son of Tiberius. It is remembered for its cruel, despotic and extravagant character. Classical sources indicate that he suffered from dementia, although it is difficult to substantiate that claim. He was killed at the hands of senators and soldiers in command of Casio Querea. He lived 28 years and reigned 4 years.
4		Claudio Tiberius Claudius Caesar	24 January 41	13 October 54	Uncle of Caligula, proclaimed emperor by the Pretorian Guard and confirmed by the Senate. It carried out a significant imperial expansion, conquering Tracia, Mauritania and Britania. He died of natural causes after living 63 years and reigned 14.
5		Nero Nero Claudius Caesar	13 October 54	9 June 68	Sobrino grandson of Augustus and adopted son of Claudio. He ascended to the throne at the age of 16 years. It is remembered for its tyranny and extravagance, although certain elements may have been exaggerated by classic historians. He committed suicide after being declared a public enemy by the Senate; he reigned 14 years.

Year of the four emperors and the Flavian dynasty (69-96)

#	Portrait	Name	Home	Fin	Notes	R.
6		Galba Servius Sulpicius Galba	8 June 68	15 January 69	He ascended to the throne with the support of the Hispanic Legions and the Roman Senate. He proclaimed himself as Caesar despite not being part of the Julio-Claudia dynasty. He was killed by the Pretorian Guard after seven months reigned.
7		Oton Marcus Salvius Otho	15 January-16/19 April 69		Proclamated emperor by the Pretorian Guard. He committed suicide after his defeat at the First Battle of Bedriacum. He reigned three months.
8		Vitelio Aulus Vitellius	19 April–20/22 December 69		Proclaimed by the German legions of the Rhine in opposition to Galba and Otón, whom he defeated in the battle of Bedriacum. He died in Rome killed by Vespasian troops. He reigned 8 months.
9		Vespasiano Titus Flavius Vespasianus	1 July 69	23 June 79	Proclaimed with the support of the legions of Judea and Egypt. He ruled under the name of Imperator Caesar Vespasianus Augustus, formula that would be imitated (although occasional changes) by the rest of the emperors. He died from natural causes at age 69.
10		Tito Titus Flavius Vespasianus	24 June 79	13 September 81	Son of Vespasian, changed his name to Tito Caesar after his promotion. He was the first emperor to be the son of the former. He enjoyed great popularity during his government, performing various public works like the Colosseum. He died from natural causes at 41 years of age and 2 years of reign; he was deified.
11		Domitian Titus Flavius Domitianus	14 September 81	18 September 96	Named Caesar after the promotion of his father Vespasiano. During his reign the Roman Conquest of Britania concluded. He was killed in a conspiracy. He lived 44 years and reigned 16 years.

Antonine Dynasty (96-192)

#	Portrait	Name	Home	Fin	Notes	R.
12		Nerva Marcus Cocceius Nerva	18 September 96	27 January 98	Elected by the Senate at the age of 65, after several years of public service. It was the first of "The Five Good Emperors," a period that marked the peak of the Empire. He was also the last truly "Italian" emperor. He died of natural causes and was subsequently deified. He reigned 1 year and 4 months.
13		Trajano Marcus Ulpius Traianus	28 January 98	11 August 117	Son of adoptive of Nerva; his government marked the cusp of Roman expansion. This happened specifically at the beginning of the year 117, when Mesopotamia conquered as part of his parta campaign. He died from natural causes at age 63.
14		Adriano Publius Aelius Hadrianus	11 August 117	10 July 138	The adoptive son of Trajan; he retired from the territories conquered in the East to focus on consolidating the central government. He died from natural causes at age 62.
15		Antonino Pío Titus Aurelius Fulvus Antoninus	10 July 138	7 March 161	Ad adoptive son of Adriano; the Senate granted him the venerable cognomen of Pius as a recognition of his outstanding administration. He died of natural causes at the age of 74, after a prosperous reign of 23 years. It was deified.
16		Lucio Vero Lucius Aelius Commodus (Lucius Aurelius Verus)	7 March 161	January 169	Born as Lucius Ceionius; adoptive son of Antonino Pio and co-emperator with Marco Aurelio (diarchy). Highlights its campaign against childbirth (161-166). He died as a result of the antonin Peste at the age of 38 years.
17		Aurelio Framework Marcus Annius Verus (Marcus Aurelius Antoninus)	7 March 161	17 March 180	Adoptive son of Antonin; last of "The Five Good Emperors". His government was characterized by a constant conflict against the births in the East and the Germans in the West. He was the author of Meditations, an important work of stoic philosophy. He died of natural causes at the age of 58, after which he was deified.
18		Comfortable Lucius Aurelius Commodus	17 March 180	31 December 192	Son of Marco Aurelio; proclaimed emperor on 27 November 176, at 15 years of age. His government marked the end of the Pax Romana initiated by Augustus two centuries ago. He was strangled while taking a bath. He lived 31 years and reigned 13 years.

Year of the five emperors and Severa dynasty (193-235)

#	Portrait	Name	Home	Fin	Notes	R.
19		Pertinax Publius Helvius Pertinax	31 December 192	28 March 193	Proclaimed by the Pretorian Guard. He tried to restore order in moderation and benevolence, but failed to please the wishes of the pretorians, who ended up murdering him. He reigned only 87 days.
20		Didio Juliano Marcus Didius Iulianus	28 March-2 June 193		He bought the title from the pretorians. He was recognized by the Senate, but not by the army. He was executed by orders of Septimio Severo, who was rivaled by two other suitors: Pescenio Niger and Clodio Albino. He reigned 66 days.
21		Septimio Severo Lucius Septimius Severus	9 April 193	4 February 211	Proclamated in Panonia and later recognized by the Senate. He defeated his rivals and reunified the Empire after his victory at the Battle of Lugdunum (197). He ruled with his sons Geta and Caracalla (from 197 and 209 respectively). He died of natural causes in York after living 65 years and reigning 18 years.
22		Geta Publius Septimus Geta	4 February 211	December 211	Minor son of Severe Septimius; proclaimed augustus 209 at the age of 20. He was executed by his brother's orders.
23		Caracalla Lucius Septimius Bassianus (Marcus Aurelius Antoninus)	4 February 211	8 April 217	Son of Severe; proclaimed augustus on 28 January 198, at the age of 10 years. It granted Roman citizenship to all the inhabitants of the Empire. His government was extremely tyrannical, considered one of the most despotic in Roman history. He was killed by the army on Macrino's orders.
24		Macrino Marcus Opellius Macrinus	12 April 217	8 June 218	He raised the throne with the support of the Syrian troops. The Senate was forced to recognize him as emperor shortly afterwards. He was the first emperor to have exercised no prior public office. He died in combat against Heliogabalo.
-		Diadumenian	c. 16 May - c. 8 June 218		Son and co-emperator of Macrino, who proclaimed him augustus barely 10 years old. He was killed after his father's defeat.
25		Heliogaba Sex. Varius Avitus Bassianus (Marcus Aurelius Antoninus)	16 May 218	11/12 March 222	Severo's nephew-grandson, probably an illegitimate son of Caracalla. He was proclaimed in opposition to Macrino (although he was only 15 years old). It was infamous about their sexual scandals and homosexuality, although it is possible that the sources have exaggerated their eccentricities. He was killed by the Pretorian Guard.
26		Severo Alejandro ... Bassianus Alexianus (M.A. Severus Alexander)	13 March 222	21/22 March 235	Primo e hijo adoptivo de Heliogábalo; proclaimed emperor by his troops at the age of 14 years, ruled under the rule of his mother Julia Mamea. Both were killed by the army.

Crisis of the 3rd century (235-284)

#	Portrait	Name	Home	Fin	Notes	R.
27		Maximine I "the Trace" Gaius Iulius Maximinus (Thrax)	c. March 235	c. June 238	Proclaimed by the army; the first emperor of "barbaric" origin. He managed to defend the Western borders, but did not get the Senate support. He was killed by his own men, starting Year of the six emperors.
28 29		Gordiano I Gordiano II	c. March – April 238		Governors of Africa; proclaimed by the Senate in opposition to Maximiano; killed in the Battle of Cartago. His 22-day reign was the shortest in the history of the Empire.
30 31		Maximum Puppy Calvin Balbino	c. April – July 238		Former senators proclaimed by the Senate in opposition to Maximino. Both were killed by the Pretorian Guard after ruling 99 days.
32		Gordian III Marcus Antonius Gordianus	c. July 238	c. January 244	Proclaimed by the Senate at the age of 13. He died in strange circumstances after his defeat at the Battle of Misiche, allegedly killed by Philip's orders. He was the last emperor raised by direct orders from the Senate.
33		Filipo "the Arab" Marcus Iulius Philippus (Arabs)	c. February 244	c. September 249	Prefect of the pretoria under Gordian III. In the year 248 (1001 AUC) celebrated the first millennium of the foundation of Rome, playing games in his honor. He was killed by the army. Several sources identify him as the first emperor to favor Christianity.
-		Philip the Young	247 - 249		Philippi co-emperator, associated with the throne with 10 years old. He was killed just like his father.
34		Deceit Gaius Messius Quintus Decius	c. Sept. 249	c. June 251	Proclaimed by his troops and recognized by the Senate, which gave him the name Traianus. Remembered by his persecution of Christians. He wandered before the gods in the Battle of Abrito, the first time an emperor died in foreign hands.
-		Herenio Etrusco	c. May - June 251		Son and co-emperator of Decio, murdered by his father.
-		Hostilian	c. June - July 251		Youngest son of Decio, proclaimed co-emperator by Treboniano Galo. He died as a result of the Cyprian Peste.
35		Treboniano Galo Gaius Vibius Trebonianus Gallus	c. June 251	c. August 253	Proclaimed by the surviving legions of the Battle of Abrito. He was killed by his men after several military failures
-		Volusiano Gaius Vibius Volusianus	c. August 251 - August 251		Son of Trebonian Galo, proclaimed co-emperator after the death of Hostilian
36		Emiliano Marcus Aemilus Aemilianus	c. July - September 253		Proclaimed in Mesia, he was equally killed by his men
-		Silbana Mar. Silbannacus	-		Emperor only known by a couple of coins coined in his name. There is a theory that he could have governed briefly in Rome between Emiliano and Valeriano, but there is no way to confirm this.
37		Valeriano Publius Licinius Valerianus	c. September 253	c. June 260	Proclaimed next to your child by the legions of the Rhine. He took Rome and appointed his son Galiene as co-emperator. He died in captivity in Sassanid Persia.
38		Galilee P. Licinius Egnatius Gallienus	c. September 253	c. September 268	Son of Valeriano; he could remain in power for 15 years (an amount not seen since Septimius Severo) before he was, again, killed by the army.
-		Salonino P. Licinius Cornelius Saloninus	c. July 260		Son of Galien, proclaimed augustus for his troops at the age of 18. Executed by Postum of the Gallic Empire.
39		Claudio II "The Gothic" M. Aurelius Claudius (Gothicus)	September 268	January or April270	Remembered by his decisive victory in the Battle of Naisso against the Goths (then the appellant Gothicus). He died abruptly by the Peste cipriana. La History Augusta indicates that he was a descendant of the Flavius, although this is surely false.
40		Quintilo M. Aurelius Claudius Quintillus	270		Little brother of Claudius II. Sources do not match the duration of their reign, although it probably lasted between 27 and 77 days.
41		Aureliano Lucius Domitius Aurelianus	c. May 270	c. November 275	Proclaimed by the Danube legions in opposition to Quintilo. He succeeded in reunifying the entire Empire, but was killed in a conspiracy during a campaign in Asia Minor.
-		Ulpia Severina	c. 270 – September/October 275		There is the theory that Ulpia could be the only prevailing empress in ancient Rome. This is based on some numismatic evidence after Aureliano's death, but there is no historical source indicating that he reigned in his own right.
42		Taci Marcus Claudius Tacitus	c. November 275	c. June 276	Elevated at the age of 75. Apparently he was a descendant of the Tacite historian. He died abruptly, possibly because of natural causes.
43		Floriano Marcus Annius Florianus	c. June - September 276		Motherly brother of Tacitus; murdered by his own men. His reign lasted between 80 and 88 days.
44		Probo Marcus Aurelius Probus	c. June 276	c. September 282	Proclaimed in the Danube in opposition to Floriano; murdered in Sirmio. He was the last emperor to seek Senate approval
45		Caro Marcus Aurelius Carus	c. September 282	c. August 283	Proclamated shortly before Probo's death. He died soon after, probably because of natural causes. Last emperor to seek Senate approval in Rome.
46		Numerian M.A. Numerius Numerianus	c. September 283	c. November 284	Son of Caro and co-emperator together with his older brother Carino; he was probably killed by Apro, Prefect of the Pretoria.
47		Carino Marcus Aurelius Carinus	c. September 283	c. July 285	Elder son of Caro and co-emperator with his younger brother Numeriano; murdered by his own men after his defeat at the Battle of the Margus against Diocletian.

Dominated (284-395)

Diocletian and the Tetrarchy (284-324)

Western Roman Empire
Eastern Roman Empire

#	Portrait	Name	Home	Fin		Notes	R.
48		Diocletian Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus	20 November 284	1 April 286		Proclaimed by his troops. In his government he carried out a series of bureaucratic reforms that permanently transformed the Empire. He embraced peacefully, an unusual event in imperial history. With the beginning of the tetrarchy, Rome ceased to be the capital of the Empire.
			1 April 286	1 May 305
49		Maximian Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus	1 April 286	1 May 305		Named Fallsar by Diocletian on 21 July 285; elevated to augusto ("emperator") the following year. Diocletian made him abdicate, but later tried to recover the throne with his son Majencio. He rebelled again in 310, although he died soon after, probably executed.
50		Consequential I "Clore" Flavius Valerius Constantius	1 May 305	25 July 306		Named Fallsar by Maximiano on March 1, 293, the date that begins the Tetrarchy. He ruled over Gaul and Britannia, where he defeated the Alarco usurper. He died of natural causes in York, not before appointing Constantine I as a successor.
51		Galerie Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus	1 May 305	May 311		Named Fallsar by Diocletian on March 1, 293. It ruled over the provinces of the Balkan peninsula. They highlight their campaigns against the Carpos and Persians. He died from natural causes.
//		Constantine I	25 July 306	-		Son of substance I, proclaimed augustus for his troops after the death of his father, only recognized as Fallsar by Galerio (continues in the "Continian Dynasty" section)
52		Valerio Severo Flavius Valerius Severus	25 July 306	April 307		Elected Fallsar by Constancio on May 1, 305. He ruled for a year before being overthrown and executed by orders of Majencio.
53		Majencio M.A. Valerius Maxentius	28 October 306	28 October 312		Son of Maximian, proclaimed by the Pretorian Guard in opposition to Severo, not recognized by the rest of the tetrarcas. He died in the Battle of the Milvio Bridge against Constantine I, who declared the abolition of the Pretorian Guard.
54		Maximine II "Daya" Galerius Valerius Maximinus	May 1st? 310	summer 313		Born as Daia. Elected Fallsar by Galerio on May 1, 305. He was defeated by Licinius at the Battle of Tzirallum; he died later poisoned.
55		Licinio Valerius Licinianus Licinus	11 novbre. 308	30 April 313		Chosen by Galerio. He made peace with Constantine and assumed as augustus from the East. However, they both faced a decade later. After his defeat at the Battle of Crisópolis, he was executed shortly afterwards.
			30 April 313	18 Sept. 324
56		Valerio Valente Aurelius Valerius Valens	December 316	1 March 317		Proclaimed by Licinius as legitimate emperors of the West during his war against Constantine. Literary sources only call them FallsarBut their coins clearly indicate that they became augustus.
57		Martiniano Mar... Martinianus	c. 3 July – 18 September 324

Constantinian Dynasty (324-363)

Emperor outside the dynasty

#	Portrait	Name	Home	Fin		Notes	R.
58		Constantine I "the Great" Flavius Valerius Constantinus	25 July 306	-		He reunified the Empire after defeating Licinio, ending the civil war. He finally abolished the Pretorian Guard, reformed the monetary system and decreed the Edict of Milan, which introduced freedom of worship. In 330 he moved the imperial capital to Byzantium, renowned as Constantinople in his honor. He was baptized into his deathbed, becoming the first Christian emperor.
			18 Sept. 324	22 May 337
59		Constantine II Flavius Claudius Constantinus	9 September 337	summer 340		Second Son of Constantine I, ruled from Tréveris the Prefecture of the precept of the Galias. He tried to take Constant's possessions, but he was ambushed near Aquilea (Italy).
60		Constant I Flavius Iulius Constans	9 September 337	c.18 January 350		Son of Constantine I, ruled the Prefecture of the Prefecture of Italy. In 340 he defeated his brother and took his possessions, taking control of the whole West. He was killed by orders from Magnencio.
61		Magnencio Magnus Magnentius	18 January 350	10 August 353		Proclamated emperor in opposition to Constant; committed suicide after losing the Battle of Mons Seleucus
62		Nepocia Iulius Nepotianus	3–30 June 350			Nieto de Constancio I. Proclamated emperor in Rome in opposition to Magnencio, murdered only 28 days later
63		Vetranion Vetranio	1 March – 25 December 350			Proclamated in opposition to Magnencio, later recognized by Constancio II, who allowed him to abdicate peacefully.
64		Substance II Flavius Iulius Constantius	9 September 337	-		Son of Constantine I. reunified the Empire after the submission of the Nepocian and Silvano usurpers in 350 and the suicide of Magnencio in 353. He died from natural causes at age 44.
			10 August 353	3 November 361
65		Julian II "the apostate" Flavius Claudius Iulianus	3 November 361	26 June 363		Nieto de Constancio I, chosen Fallsar by substance II in 355 and proclaimed augustus in Lutecia, Galia, 360. He tried to reintroduce pagan traditions by what was called "the apostate" by Christians. He died in combat during an invasion of Sassanid Persia.
66		Joviano Iovianus	27 June 363	17 February 364		Proclaimed by Julian's troops. He died while he was sleeping, suffocated by a coal brazier accidentally left in his room.

Valentinian Dynasty (364-392)

Emperor outside the dynasty

#	Portrait	Name	Home	Fin		Notes	R.
67		Valentiniano I Valentinianus	25/26 February of 364	17 November of 375		Proclaimed by the army, he decided to divide the imperial administration with his brother. He highlighted for his successful military campaigns in Germania. He died of a rage attack at the age of 54.
68		Okay. Valens	28 March 364	9 August 378		Brother of Valentiniano I, whose death was followed by a new wave of barbaric invasions. Between 365 and 366 he faced the usurper Procopio. He died in the Battle of Adrianopolis against the godos. It happened. Theodosius I as Emperor of the East.
69		Proceeding Procopius	26 Sept. 365	27 May 366		Maternal and future heir to Julian II is considered a usurper; he rebelled against Valente and managed to capture the capital of Constantinople, where the people proclaimed him emperor. He was executed by Valente.
70		Graciano Gratianus	17 November 375	25 August 383		Proclaimed by his father Valentiniano I on August 24, 367, at the age of 8 years. He stands out for his pro-Christian policies, being one of the co-authors of the Thessaloniki Edict. He was killed by orders of Maximum Magnus, who usurped the throne of the West.
71		Maximum Magnus Maximus	25 August 383	28 August 388		He raised the throne in the West and was temporarily recognized by Theodosius. He was executed after the Battle of Sava.
-		Victor	384 - 388			Son and co-emperator of Maximum Magnus. He was executed in Galia by Arbogasto.
72		Valentiniano II Valentinianus	28 August 388	15 May 392		Proclaimed by his brother on 22 November 375, with only 4 years old; he inherited the West in 383, at the age of 12. That same year he was expelled from Italy by Maximum Magnus, but Teodosio I restored him in 388. He died for suicide, although he could have been killed by magister militum Arbogasto
73		Eugenio Eugenius	22 August 392	6 September 394		Professor of grammar and secretary of Valentiniano II. Proclamated emperor by Arbogasto. Executed by Theodosius after being defeated at the Battle of the Rigid.
74		Theodosius I "the Great" Theodosius (Magnus)	19 January 379	-		Yerno de Valentiniano I; proclaimed by Graciano. He reunified the entire Empire after defeating the Battle of the Rigid. He published the Thessaloniki Edict (380), which turned Christianity into state religion. In traditional historiography, the death of Theodosius marks the end of a unified Roman Empire, although for its contemporaries it continued to constitute a single political entity.
			6 September 394	17 January 395

Western Empire (395-476)

In theory, the Western emperor was only "legitimate" if the emperor of the East recognized him as such. However, concepts of "legitimacy" and "legality" they had already been irrelevant for a long time. Already from the year of the four emperors (69) it was evident that the true power was possessed by the one who earned the loyalty of the army. By the last years of the Western Empire, the emperor himself became subservient to ambitious generals who preferred to rule in the shadows. To maintain historical integrity, all Western Emperors are included on this list, even if they were not recognized by the Eastern Empire. This also applies to various "usurpers" IV century who ruled de facto (or de iure, in the case of those proclaimed in Rome or Constantinople) at least one of the halves of the Empire.

Theodosian Dynasty in the West (395-455)

#	Portrait	Name	Home	Fin	Notes	R.
1		Honorio Honorius	17 January 395	15 August 423	Proclamated augustus on January 23, 393, with 9 years of age, so the government was managed by General Estilicón. Rome was plundered for the Visigoths in 410, an event that prevented the crisis of the Roman State. Several usurpers rose during their long 28-year reign, remembered as one of the most disastrous in the Empire. He died from natural causes at the age of 38 years.
2		Constantine III Claudius Constantinus	407	18 September of 411	Proclaimed by his troops in Britania and recognized by Honorius after conquering Hispania, although he was not recognized in the Eastern Empire. He was subsequently executed.
-		Constant (II)	409 / 410	411	Son and co-emperator of Constantine III. He was executed by General Geroncio, who proclaimed his son Maximus as emperor.
3		Prisco Átalo Priscus Attalus	409	410	Featured member of the Roman Senate, proclaimed emperor by Alarico I after the plunder of Rome. He received Senate support.
4		Substance III Constantius	8 February – 2 September 421		Brother and sister teachers of Honorius, he was the most important general of the Empire after the death of Stylicon in 408. He died of natural causes shortly after assuming as a co-emperator of Honorius, although he already acted as a ruler de facto from before.
5		Juan Ioannes	20 November 423	May of 425	Proclaimed by General Flavio Castino after the death of Honorius. He was executed by Theodosius IIAugust of the East.
6		Valentiniano III Placidius Valentinianus	23 October 425	16 March 455	Son of Constant III and cousin of Theodosius II, proclaimed only six years old. He ruled under the guardianship of his mother Gala Placidia. After his death in 433, General Aecio took over the government. He defended the Empire from the Atila attacks, but was executed by the emperor in 454. In response, the army killed Valentiniano.

Last Western Emperors (455-476)

#	Portrait	Name	Home	Fin	Notes	R.
7		Petronio Máximo Petronius Maximus	17 March – 31 May 455		Proclamated with support from the Roman Senate; it was not recognized by the Eastern Empire. He was killed by the citizens of Rome when he tried to escape the imminent Vandal invasion.
8		Eparquio Avito Eparchius Avitus	9 July 455	17 October 456	Imposed by the Visigoth King Theodorico II after Sake of Romerecognized by the Roman Senate, but not by the Eastern Empire. He was deposed by the Roman military under the leadership of Ricimero, who assumed rulership de facto of the Western Empire for the next decade and a half. Named bishop of Piacenza, he died for natural causes during a trip to Auvergne.
	Regency of Rice				Marciano and León I rule from the East (456-457)
9		Major Iulius Valerius Maiorianus	28 December of 457	2 August 461	Proclamated after a 5-month interregno. He was the last emperor to try to restore the Western Empire. Despite his victories, especially in Hispania, he was executed by Ricimero.
10		Libio Severo Libius Severus	19 November 461	14 November of 465	Taxed by Ricimero, it was not recognized by the Eastern Empire. To this point, the Empire had already lost Britain, Africa and several territories in Hispania and Galia. He died in Rome probably because of natural causes, although there were rumors of poisoning.
	Regency of Rice				León I solo rule from the East (465-467)
11		Procopio Antemio Procopius Anthemius	12 April 467	11 July 472	Established by the Eastern Emperor Leo I after an interregno of almost 17 months. He was probably a descendant of the Procopio usurper (r. 365-366). He was executed in Rome by orders of Ricimero.
12		Olympian Annuity Anicius Olybrius	11 July – 2 November 472		Member of the gens Aniciaone of the oldest and most prestigious families in Rome. It was not recognized by the Eastern Empire. He died of natural causes shortly after the death of Ricimero (19 August). The Empire was under the control of Gundebaldo, nephew of Ricimero and king of the burgundians.
	Regency of Gundebaldo				León I solo ruler from the East (472-473)
13		Glicerio Glicerius	3/5 March 473	24 June 474	Established by Gundebaldo, not recognized by the Eastern Empire. He was deposed and exiled to a monastery by Julio Nepote.
14		July Nepote Iulius Nepos	24 June 474	28 August 475 (in Italy)	He expelled Glycerius and took power with the support of the Eastern Emperor Leo I. He was expelled from Italy by Orestes, magister militum and ex-secretary of Atila. However, he continued to "reinate" from Dalmatia to his murder at the hands of his own followers, probably for Glycery's incitement.
				9 May 480 (in Dalmatia)
15		Rómulo Augustulo Romulus Augustus	31 October 475	4 September 476	Established as a puppet emperor by his father Orestes, recognized by the Senate but not by the Eastern Empire. The Hérulo King Odoacro invaded Italy and killed Orestes on October 28, 476. Rávena fell a few days later and Rómulo was forced to abdicate. Odoacro called for the recognition of the Eastern Empire and adopted the title of King of Italy, ending the Roman government in the West and ending the Ancient Rome as a whole. Rómulo was spared his life and was sent to the estate of Lucullianum, Naples, in the company of his family, where he died at the beginning of the centuryVI

Eastern Empire (395-1453)