Annex: Viceroyalty universities and colleges in Latin America

List of universities and colleges created in the American domains of the Spanish Crown until the year 1812.

Universities founded by Spain in America and the Philippines

These institutions have been arranged in three different lists: the first lists the founded universities, that is, following a chronological order according to the year in which their founding documents were granted (royal provision, royal certificate and papal bull or brief); in the second are the universities in continuous operation since their foundation, that is, those currently considered the oldest, disregarding those that were extinct until the last century XIX; and, in the third, the colegios mayores, institutions that, according to the regulations of the time, served as boarding schools for university students but which, in many cases, fulfilled the function of « teaching faculties” of the universities to which they were attached.

No Brazilian universities are listed, since there were no similar establishments in Brazil until 1912, when the University of Paraná was founded in Curitiba. The lesser local demand for theological and legal specialists was largely covered by Jesuit colleges (since 1549), while students aspiring to higher education had to study at the University of Coimbra. Instead of universities, or "general studies," the Portuguese favored the creation of professional academies to respond to the local need for qualified technicians and professionals, including the creation of the first engineering school in the Americas, in Rio de Janeiro. in 1792, and of the schools of medicine and surgery in Bahia and Rio de Janeiro, in 1808. Other higher schools (the equivalent of faculties) emerged from 1827.

Universities founded

27 universities were founded throughout the three Americas, in the span of almost three centuries. They were distributed as follows: five in Peru; four in Chile; three in Mexico and in Ecuador; two in the Dominican Republic, Colombia and Venezuela; one in Argentina, Bolivia, Guatemala, Cuba and Nicaragua; in addition to one in Bolivia that was never installed.

Hispanic American Universities

Number	Denomination	Foundation	Closure	City	Current country	Comments
1	Real and Pontifical University of San Marcos	1551		Lima	Peru	1548 a General Study 1551 is officially founded as Real Universidad de la Ciudad de los Reyes, in Lima, by royal cédula 1574 is renowned as Real and Pontifical University of San Marcos. 1946 its name is officialized as: Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos.
2	Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico	1551	1865	Mexico	Mexico	1551 is officially founded by royal cédula as the Royal University of Mexico. 1595 is renamed "Real and Pontificia" by Papal Bull. 1833 first closing. Reopen several times until the last closure in 1865. 1910 lays together as: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 1982 re-establishes another Catholic as: Universidad Pontificia de México.
3	Royal University of La Plata	1552	1552	Sucre	Bolivia	He didn't get installed.
4	Real and Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas	1558/1538	1823	Santo Domingo	Dominican Republic	1518 a general study is created. 1538 is created by Paulo III Bull 1558 is officially created by the General Sanction of the Spanish crown. 1758 is prohibited by real class his self-determination as first university 1823 closes the university. 1914 a new heir institution was founded: the Autonomous University of Santo Domingo
5	Real and Pontifical University of Santiago de la Paz and Gorjón	1558	1767	Santo Domingo	Dominican Republic
6	Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas	1580	1861	Bogotá	Colombia	1966 founded the Universidad Santo Tomás.
7	University of San Fulgencio	1603	1786	Quito	Ecuador	It merged with the other Ecuadorian universities, forming in 1786 the Real Universidad Pública Santo Tomás de Quito.
8	Pontificia Universidad de San Ildefonso	1608	?	Lima	Peru	It was extinct.
9	University of Córdoba	1621		Córdoba	Argentina	Actual Universidad Nacional de Córdoba.
10	Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas	1622	1747	Santiago de Chile	Chile	It was extinguished in the middle of the centuryXVIII to the creation of the Royal University of San Felipe.
11	Real and Pontifical University of Merida	1624	1767	Yucatan	Mexico	1624 is founded under the Society of Jesus. It was closed in 1767. 1922 was merged as the Autonomous University of Yucatan.
12	Pontificia Universidad de San Ignacio de Loyola	1621	1767	Cuzco	Peru
13	Universidad Pontificia Colegio Máximo de San Miguel.	1625	1767	Santiago de Chile	Chile	It was extinct.
14	Pontificia de San Francisco Javier	1621	1767	Bogotá	Colombia	It was suspended in 1767. Later in 1930 it was restored with the name of the present Pontificia Universidad Javeriana.
15	Royal and Pontifical University of San Gregorio Magno	1622	1767	Quito	Ecuador	It merged with the other Ecuadorian universities, forming in 1786 the Real Universidad Pública Santo Tomás de Quito.
16	Royal and Pontifical University of San Francisco Xavier	1624		Sucre	Bolivia	Actual Universidad Mayor, Real y Pontificia de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca.
17	Royal University of San Carlos Borromeo	1676			Guatemala	Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala.
18	University of San Cristobal	1677		Huamanga	Peru	It was extinguished during the second half of the centuryXIX. Reopen in 1957 as the National University of San Cristóbal de Huamanga.
19	Real and Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas	1681	1786	Quito	Ecuador	It merged with the other Ecuadorian universities, forming in 1786 the Real Universidad Pública Santo Tomás de Quito.
20	Royal University of San Antonio Abad	1692		Cuzco	Peru	Current National University of San Antonio Abad del Cuzco.
21	University of San Jerónimo	1721		Havana	Cuba	Current University of Havana.
22	Real University of Santa Rosa	1721		Caracas	Venezuela	Current Central University of Venezuela.
23	University Pencopolitana	1724	1767	Concepción	Chile
24	Royal University of San Felipe	1738	1839	Santiago de Chile	Chile	Current University of Chile
25	Real Universidad Pública Santo Tomás de Quito	1786		Quito	Ecuador	Created from the merger of the three Ecuadorian universities. In 1826 renamed Central University of Quito.
26	Real and Pontifical University of Guadalajara	1792		Guadalajara	Mexico	1792 The University is founded. Closed and open several times (1826-1932). 1824 is renamed only as University of Guadalajara. 1937 is last restored by the Congress of the State.

• Real and Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, by Bull of October 28, 1538. He obtained his Royal Cell on May 26, 1747, not recognizing this last legal value to the papal foundation. Closed, according to some, and extinct, according to others, in 1823, the subject is still matter of historiographic controversy, holding the first that the 1914 is only a reopening under a new name (the current Autonomous University of Santo Domingo) and not as the second say, the foundation of a new institution (from the transformation into university of the Professional Institute of Santo Domingo, created in 1866).
• Real and Pontifical University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru, by Real Provision of 12 May 1551 and ratified by Bull of 25 July 1571. Considered as the first university in America for having been founded according to the legal norms imposed by the Spanish monarchy in the exercise of the Royal Patronato and, also, as the oldest in the continent for being the only of the centuryXVI to maintain a continuous operation ever since. Current National University of San Marcos.
• Royal and Pontifical University of Mexicocreated by Royal Cell of 21 September 1551 and ratified by Bull of 7 October 1595. Closed and reopened numerous times after Mexican independence, due to the conflict generated by the succession of Liberals and Conservatives in the government, was definitively extinguished in 1865. The current National Autonomous University of Mexico was founded on September 22, 1910.
• Royal University of La Plata (from Charcas or Chuquisaca), Sucre, Bolivia, by Real Cédula of 11 July 1552. He didn't get installed.
• Real and Pontifical University of Santiago de la Paz and Gorjón, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, by Royal Council of February 23, 1558. Transformed into seminary in 1602, the Society of Jesus manages the re-updating of the former university for the benefit of a college founded by it in 1703, obtaining it from the Royal Audience on September 19, 1704 and by Real Cédula on May 26, 1747; papal ratification would take place briefly on September 14, 1748. It was extinct in 1767.
• Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Bogota, Colombia, by 1580, which obtained the regio or exequatur pass only in 1630. Closed in 1826 and reopened in 1855, it was extinct in 1861. Under the figure of a “restoration”, the current St. Thomas University was founded in 1964, beginning its class in 1965.
• University of San Fulgencio, Quito, Ecuador, 1586. It was extinct.
• Pontificia Universidad de San Ildefonso, Lima, Peru, by Bull of October 13, 1608. It was extinct.
• Pontifical University of CórdobaArgentina, 1613. Actual Universidad Nacional de Córdoba.
• Pontifical University of Saint Thomas AquinasSantiago, Chile, by 1619. It was extinguished in the middle of the centuryXVIII.
• Real and Pontifical University of MeridaYucatan, Mexico. It was extinct in 1767.
• Real and Pontifical University of San Ignacio de LoyolaCuzco, Peru, 1621. Of Jesuit origin, it was recessed almost immediately after its opening due to the opposition of the University of San Marcos (of Lima), the ecclesiastical lobby and the Seminary of San Antonio Abad. It was reopened in 1648 and extinct in 1767.
• University of San MiguelChile, by 1621. It was extinct.
• Pontificia Universidad de San Francisco Javier, Bogota, Colombia, for the brief of July 9, 1621, of pontifical privileges granted to the Society of Jesus to found universities, which obtained a regio on February 2, 1622. It was extinct in 1767. The present Pontificia Universidad Javeriana was founded on October 1, 1930.
• University of San Gregorio Magno, Quito, Ecuador, 1622. Jesuit University, was extinct in 1767.
• Royal and Pontifical University of San Francisco XavierSucre, Bolivia, on March 27, 1624. Actual Universidad Mayor Real y Pontificia San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca.
• Royal University of San Carlos Borromeo, Guatemala City, Guatemala, by Royal Council of January 31, 1676. Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala.
• Pontifical University of San Cristobal, Huamanga (Ayacucho), Peru, 1677. It was extinguished during the second half of the centuryXIX. The current San Cristóbal de Huamanga National University was founded in 1959.
• Royal University of San Antonio Abad, Cuzco, Peru, for short on March 1, 1692, ordering the viceroy of Peru by Real Cédula on June 1, of the same year to give effect to its foundation, the same that would be given only for the virreinal provision of July 19, 1696, due to the pleito entablado por su competitora la jesuita Universidad de San Ignacio de Loyola. By Royal Clause of March 28, 1816, their powers are suspended to grant degrees, and to teach Laws and Canons, the same ones that are restored after independence by supreme decree of July 1825, stating that this would be until the operation of the newly created College of Sciences and Arts, for which the University of San Simón is founded, which is installed on April 26, 1826, the latter being the Doctors of Sanbad. By Supreme Decree of July 11, 1828, such a decision was reversed, extinguishing San Simón and re-establishing the University of San Antonio Abad to the seminary school of the same name, although public. Current National University of San Antonio Abad del Cuzco.
• Royal University of Santa Rosa de Lima, Caracas, Venezuela, by Real Cédula of December 22, 1721. It was extinct. The current Central University of Venezuela was founded in 1827.
• Pontificia Universidad PencopolitanaConcepción, Chile, in 1724? (or 1730?). Jesuit University, was extinct in 1767.
• Royal and Pontifical University of San JerónimoHavana, Cuba, January 5, 1728. Current University of Havana.
• Royal University of San FelipeSantiago, Chile, in 1738. It was extinct in 1839. The current University of Chile was founded in its place on September 17, 1842.
• Royal University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Quito, Ecuador, 1786. As a result of the merger of two previous institutions, the pontifical universities of San Gregorio Magno (Jessuita) and Saint Thomas Aquinas (dominic), are transformed into public in 1788. It was extinguished in 1826, founded in its place the Central University of Quito, which changed its name by Central University of Ecuador in 1836.
• Real University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico, by Real Cédula of 18 November 1792. Closed between 1826 and 1834, 1855 and 1859, it was definitively extinguished on December 2, 1860. The current University of Guadalajara was founded in 1925.
• Royal University of San Buenaventura de Mérida de los CaballerosMerida, Venezuela. Founded as a seminary school in 1785 and transformed into a university by the disposition of the superior governing board of the province on September 21, 1810. It was deactivated by the earthquake of 1812, being re-established only in 1832 and approved its first statutes in 1836, when it became the University of Merida. In 1883 he would adopt the name that he retains until today. Current University of Los Andes.
• Universidad de la Inmaculada Concepción de León de NicaraguaLeon, Nicaragua, by decree of the Courts of Cadiz of 1812. Current National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León.

Universities in continuous operation since its foundation

There are six of the oldest universities in Spanish America and, at the same time, in the entire American continent, because they are the only ones that survive uninterruptedly to this day after the end of the independence wars and because they arose, from a start, with that name, a requirement that higher education institutions founded by the Portuguese, British, French or Dutch in any of their American territories do not meet.

• Real and Pontifical University of San Marcos, Lima, Peru, by Real Provision of 12 May 1551, current Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM).
• Pontifical University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina, 1613, current Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC).
• Royal and Pontifical University of San Francisco Xavier, Sucre, Bolivia, 1624, current Universidad Mayor Real y Pontifica San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca (USFX).
• Real and Pontificia Universidad de San Carlos Borromeo, Guatemala City, Guatemala, by Royal Council of January 31, 1676, current Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala (USAC).
• Royal University of San Antonio Abad, Cuzco, Peru, 1692, current Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cuzco (UNSAAC).
• Royal and Pontifical University of San Jerónimo, Havana, Cuba, 1721, current University of Havana.

Major colleges

• Colegio de la Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco, Tlatelolco, Mexico, 1533. First higher education institution in America, although he never got a degree from University. It was intended for the education of indigenous people in European knowledge. It worked only for 50 years.
• Royal College of San Nicolás Obispo, Pátzcuaro, Mexico, 1540. With the change of the episcopal residence is transferred to the city of Valladolid (now Morelia), being there merged with the College of San Miguel Guayangareo. On January 17, 1847, the name was changed to Primitivo and National Colegio de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. On October 15, 1917 the Michoacana University of San Nicolás de Hidalgo, founded from the College of San Nicolás, the Schools of Arts and Crafts, the Industrial and Commercial for Ladies, the Superior of Commerce and Administration, the Normal for Teachers, the Normal for Teachers, the Schools of Medicine and Jurisprudence, in addition to the Public Library, the Michoacan Museum, the State of Independence and the Meteorological Observatory of the State.
• Royal College of San Martín, Lima, Peru, August 11, 1582. From Jesuit origin, it was extinguished in July 1770, passing its students and rents to the newly founded Convictorio de San Carlos.
• Royal and Old College of San Ildefonso, Mexico, 1588.
• Royal College Seminar of Santo Toribio, Lima, Peru. It is considered on 7 December 1590 as the date of its founding by the appointment of its first rector made by the Archbishop, although by Real Cédula of 20 May 1592 the king declares himself the pattern of the Seminary. Present Seminar of Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo.
• Royal College of San Felipe and San Marcos, Lima, Peru, June 28, 1592. It was extinguished in July 1770, passing its students and rents to the newly founded Convictorio de San Carlos.
• San Luis Seminar, Ecuador, 1594. It was extinct.
• Colegio Seminario de San Antonio Abad, Cuzco, Peru, 1598.
• Colegio Mayor de San Bartolomé, Bogotá, Colombia, in 1604. Still running.
• Colegio Seminario de Caracas in 1673, which was officially named Colegio Seminario de Santiago de León de Caracas, under the avocation of Santa Rosa de Lima.
• Colegio Nacional de Monserrat, Córdoba, Argentina. Founded by Dr. Ignacio Duarte and Quirós on August 1, 1687 under the name of the Royal Convictory College of Our Lady of Monserrat.
• Tridentine College of San Agustín, Comayagua, Honduras, 1678. It was the largest centre of studies in the province of Honduras during the colonial period.
• Colegio San José de los Infantes, Guatemala 1781. It is the oldest Catholic educational institution in Guatemala. It was founded on June 10, 1781 by the then Archbishop of Guatemala's General Office, Cayetano Francos and Monroy, still in operation.
• Real Convictorio de San Francisco Javier, Santiago, Chile, March 23, 1611. Of Jesuit origin, it was extinguished in 1767
• Royal College of San Bernardo, Cuzco, Peru, 1619. Of Jesuit origin. Extinguished in 1825, as he joined the College of the Sun in the newly founded College of Sciences and Arts.
• Royal College of San Carlos, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Founded in 1772 by the Jesuit Order.
• Real Colegio Convictorio de San Carlos, Lima, Peru, 1770, transformed into the educational faculties of Jurisprudencia, Letras and Sciences of the University of San Marcos in 1857.
• Royal Colegio Seminario de San Buenventura de Mérida Venezuela, 1785.
• Royal College of American Nobles in Granada, 1792.
• Royal College of Medicine and Surgery of San Fernando, Lima, Peru, 1808, transformed into a Faculty of Medicine at the University of San Marcos in 1856.
• Convictorio Carolino, Santiago, Chile, March 30, 1778. Established by the Chilean colonial government, with the authorization of the Spanish monarch, replaced the San Francisco Javier Convictory, suppressed in 1767. On 10 August 1813 it is merged with other establishments to form the National Institute.
• Royal College of San Francisco in the Villa de la Candelaria, Medellín, Colombia, by Real Cédula of February 9, 1801, Franciscan institution that began its work in 1803, with the teaching of grammar, philosophy and Latin. He entered in recess during the war of independence; a new educational plan was approved in 1822 and his name was changed to the College of Antioquia; in 1827 he obtained authorization to teach jurisprudence; in 1832 he was renamed as Academic College, in 1853 as the Provincial College of Medellín, in 1860 as the College of State, and in 1878, after a two-year recess, as the Central College of the University. Current University of Antioquia, 14 December 1871.