Annex: Political parties of Colombia

The political parties in Colombia are based on the right to associate stipulated in the Colombian Constitution of 1991. The political reforms approved between 2003 and 2011 establish that political parties with legal status (which are officially recognized and receive state funding) are those that reach, individually or in coalition (in the latter case they must have individual legal status from a previous election), 3% of the valid votes in the elections to the Senate or to the House of Representatives.

Traditionally, Colombia maintained a two-party system dominated by the Liberal and Conservative parties. Since the end of the XX century, both parties entered into crisis, and now share power with other parties such as the Democratic Center, the Radical Change and the Party of the U.

Political organizations with legal status

The following is a list of organizations with legal status. In the 2022 legislative elections, the following parties or movements crossed the electoral threshold on their own or in a coalition, and therefore maintained their legal status:

Political Organization	Year of Foundation	Ideology	Position in the ideological spectrum	Position in front of current government(2022-2026)	Number of Senators	Number of Representatives to the House	Director and/or President	International affiliation
Colombian Liberal Party	1848	Liberalism Social Democracy Socio-liberalism Labour Laicism	Centre to centerleft	Government	13	32 (+1)	César Gaviria	Socialist
Colombian Conservative Party	1849	Conservadurism Christian democracy Social conservatism Economic liberalism	Right center to right	Government	15	25 (+2)	Efraín Cepeda Sarabia	International Democratic Centre International Democratic Union
Democratic Centre	2013	Uribismo Conservative Liberalism Liberal conservatism Social conservatism	Right to extreme right	Opposition	13	15 (+1)	Nubia Stella Martínez Rueda	International Democratic Union European Conservatives and Reformers Party
Radical change	1997	Economic liberalism Conservative Liberalism	Right center	Opposition	11	16 (+2)	Germán Córdoba
Union Party for the People"U Party"	2005	Economic liberalism Conservative Liberalism Socio-liberalism Third Way Catch it all	Centre	Government	10	15 (+2)	Dilian Francisca Toro	Liberal International
Green Alliance	2009	Social Democracy Progress Civism Ecologism Social market economy	Centre to centerleft	Government	8	11 (+4)	Carlos Ramón González	Global Federation of Green Parties of the Americas São Paulo Forum
Colombia Humana	2011 2021	Progress Social Democracy Democratic socialism	Left to left	Government	5	13	Gustavo Petro	Grupo de Puebla
Alternative Democratic Pole	2005	Progress Protectionism Social Democracy Welfare State Democratic socialism	Left	Government	5	10 (+2)	Alexander López Maya	São Paulo Forum
Patriotic Union	1985 2013	Democratic socialism Pacifism Progress Protectionism	Left	Government	4	1	Aida Avella	Progressive International
Independent Absolute Renewal Movement	2000	Miraism Confessionalist transversalism Digital democracy	Right center to right	Independence	3	1 (+2)	Manuel Virgüez	Asociación Miraismo Internacional
On March	2022	Centrism Federalism Liberalism Social Democracy	Centre to centerleft	Government	3	0
Peace Force	2022	Social liberalism Pacifism Pluralism	Centre to centerleft	Government	1	1	Roy Barreras
Oxygen Green Party	1998 2021	Environmentalism Pacifism	Centre	Opposition	1	1	Ingrid Betancourt
Colombia Justa Libres	2017	Christian denomination Christian right Social conservatism	Right	Independence	1	0 (+2)	David Reyes Castro
Independent Social Alliance	1991	Centrism Indigenous Progress	Centre to centerleft	Government	1	0 (+1)	Berenice Bedoya Pérez
Dignity and Commitment	2020	Social Democracy Protectionism Antineoliberalism	Left	Independence	0	1 (+1)	Juan Manuel Ospina
Colombia Renaissance	2018	Environmentalism Rights of Afro-Colombian communities	Centre	Government	0	1
Comprehensive Democratic Alliance	2018	Rights of Afro-Colombian communities Ecology	Catch it all	Government	1	0
Colombian Communist Party	1930 2021	Socialism Communism Marxism-Leninism Anti-imperialism	Left to extreme left	Government	0	0	Jaime Caycedo Turriago	International Meeting of Communist Parties and Workers São Paulo Forum

Ethnic minority parties or movements

The following parties or movements maintained their legal status for belonging to ethnic minorities, since despite not having exceeded the threshold, they obtained representation in the Colombian Congress as part of the indigenous or Afro-descendant jurisdiction.

Political Organization	Year of foundation	Ideology	Ideological position	Position in front of current government(2022-2026)	Number of Senators	Number of Representatives to the House
Indigenous and Social Alternative Movement	2013	Indigenous Agrarismo	Left to left	Government	1 (+4)	1 (+2)
Indigenous Authorities of Colombia	1990	Indigenous Progress	Left to left	Government	1	0
Colombian Ecologist Party	2022	Ecologism Progress	Left	Government	0	1
Colombian Democratic Party	2022	Social liberalism Rights of the black population Centrism	Right center	Government	0	1

Other parties with legal status

In October 2017, after the signing of the Havana Accords, Colombian law recognized the legal status of the FARC Party (renamed and currently called Comunes) and granted it 10 seats in Congress (5 in the Senate and 5 in the House of Representatives) for two consecutive electoral periods.

In July 2013, the Council of State returned the legal status of the Patriotic Union, which had been withdrawn because it did not appear in the 2002 legislative elections and, consequently, did not obtain representation in The congress. The ruling recognized that the circumstances of systematic extermination against leaders and militants prevented their participation in said elections. Likewise, he was given a term until the 2018 legislative elections to overcome the electoral threshold, a fact that he achieved together with the List of Decency coalition.

Considering said precedent, and acknowledging similar circumstances of persecution and extermination, in 2021 the National Electoral Council restored legal status to the New Liberalism, the National Salvation Movement, the Colombian Communist Party and the Green Oxygen Party. The Green Party Oxygen ran for the 2022 legislatures as part of the Centro Esperanza Coalition, obtaining a seat in the Senate and another in the House of Representatives. The Communist Party did the same as part of the Historical Pact, although without reaching its own representation. The New Liberalism and the National Salvation Movement presented themselves individually and did not exceed the electoral threshold, although they maintain their legal status until the legislative elections of 2026.

For similar reasons, in December 2022, the National Electoral Council recognized the legal status of the Fuerza Ciudadana party.

In September 2021, the Constitutional Court recognized the legal status of the Colombia Humana movement, arguing that there was a legal vacuum in the Opposition Statute, because although said movement had not been able to overcome the electoral threshold by itself (in 2018 was presented as a Significant Group of Citizens within the Decency List), he did manage to take his candidate to second place in the 2018 presidential elections and therefore, by virtue of the Statute, obtained two seats in Congress (one in the Senate for its presidential candidate and one in the House of Representatives for its vice-presidential candidate). Consequently, those parties that obtain parliamentary representation through this route would not have to exceed the electoral threshold to have their legal status guaranteed. 2022 presidential election.

Political Organization	Year of Foundation	Ideology	Position in the ideological spectrum	Position in front of current government(2022-2026)	Number of Senators	Number of Representatives to the House	Director and/or President	International affiliation
Common Party	2017	Communism Marxism-Leninism Bolivarianism Anticapitalism	Left to extreme left	Government	5	5	Rodrigo Londoño	São Paulo Forum
League of Governors Anticorruption	2021	Populism Social liberalism Economic liberalism	Centre to center right	Opposition	0	0 (+1)	Rodolfo Hernández Suárez
New Liberalism	1979 2021	Liberalism Socio-liberalism Cultural liberalism	Centre	Independence	0	1 (+1)	Juan Manuel Galán
National Salvation Movement	1991 2021	Social conservatism	Right	Opposition	0	0	Enríque Gómez Martínez
Citizen Force	2007	Democratic socialism Social Democracy Federalism Popular democracy Ecologism Pacifism	Left	Government	0	1	Carlos Caicedo

Significant Groups of Citizens

In Colombia, candidacies for popularly elected positions can be presented through the so-called "Significant Groups of Citizens" (G.S.C.), who register their candidates through signatures. Among the current MSC are some of the old political parties and movements that lost their legal status (such as the PAÍS Movement, formerly called the "Partido de Integración Social"), as well as new movements that aspire to be legally recognized as political parties. The latter is the case of the Movimiento Progresistas that registered for the local elections in Bogotá in 2011, which its candidate Gustavo Petro won; as well as the Democratic Center (Colombia), which registered lists for the 2014 Senate and Chamber elections and, due to its electoral results, received legal status as a political party.

There are also other G.S.C. who won positions such as governors, mayors, councils and community action boards, but do not have legal status, since they have not participated in the most recent legislative elections, where they must exceed the threshold of 3% of the vote; This is the case of the G.S.C Fuerza Ciudadana, with Carlos Caicedo in the governorate of Magdalena, Virna Johnson in the mayoralty of Santa Marta and two seats in the departmental assembly of the same department, or the Movimiento Estamos Listas, which has a seat in the Council of Medellín and two seats in the JAL of Santa Elena.

Some of these significant groups of citizens are created only to be able to register a candidate for the aspired position before the Registry, without being recognized as a political party or movement, such as the Case of the G.S.C Primero Colombia that promoted the two candidacies of the former president Álvaro Uribe Vélez; the campaign called Gina Parody, Mayor, which only promoted the candidacy of the former congresswoman for mayor of Bogotá; and the Guerrero Alcalde campaign that promoted Rodrigo Guerrero's campaign for mayor of Cali for the period 2012-2015.

Political parties without legal status and disappeared

Assets

Name	Year of Foundation	Ideology	Position	Notes
People in Movement	2021		Centre	He did not reach the threshold in the legislative elections of 2022, although he obtained a curul in the House of Representatives by the department of Caldas.
Communist Party of Colombia - Marxist Leninist	1965	Communism Marxism-Leninism Antirevisionism	Extreme left
Independent and Revolutionary Worker Movement (MOIR)	1970	Communism Maoism Marxism-Leninism	Left	Part of the Alternative Democratic Pole (2005-2020) and Dignity (2020-).
Socialist Workers’ Party	1977	Marxism Trotskyism	Extreme left
Revolutionary Communist Group	1980	Marxism-Leninism Maoism Communism	Extreme left
Metapolitical unit movement	1985	Right Populism Spiritual policy Social conservatism	Right
Hope, Peace and Freedom	1991	Social Democracy Socialism	Left
Present for Socialism (PPS)	1996	Marxism-Leninism Trotskyism Socialism Camilismo	Left	Part of the Social and Political Front (1999-2005) and the Alternative Democratic Pole (2005-).
Archipelago Movement for Ethnic Native Self-Determination (AMEN-SD)	1999	Raizal self-determination	Centre
Colombia Labour Party	1999	Marxism Anti-imperialism New democracy Thinking of Francisco Mosquera	Left	Excision of the Independent and Revolutionary Workers Movement. Part of the Alternative Democratic Pole (2005-2010), the Green Alliance (2013-2020) and the Historical Pact (2021-).
Movement for the Defence of People ' s Rights (MODEP)	2002	Democratic socialism Bolivarianism Popular democracy	Left	Part of the Social and Political Front (1999-2005) and of the Historical Covenant (2021-).
Democratic Unity	2002	Ecosocialism Social Democracy Progress	Left	Part of the Green Alliance (2009-2021) and the Historical Covenant (2021-).
Congress of the Peoples	2010	Sovereignty Pacifism Nationalism of the left Feminism Social Democracy Indigenous Ecologism	Left	Part of the Historical Covenant (2021-).
Patriotic March	2012	Democratic socialism Progress Bolivarianism Popular democracy Feminism Anti-imperialism Patriotism Socialism	Left	Part of the Historical Covenant (2021-).
I'm because we are	2021	Indigenous Ecologism Progress Feminism	Left	Part of the Historical Covenant (2021-). Movement of Afro-Colombian origin led by the vice president elected in 2022 France Márquez Mina.
Libertarian Movement	2015	Libertarismo Minarquismo Classical Liberalism	Right

Dissolved after the political reform of 2003

Legislative Act 001 of 2003 (political reform) established an electoral threshold for the first time in the country's history. Since then some political parties have been unable to exceed this threshold and have lost their legal status. Other parties formed coalitions or joined larger parties in order to maintain their political representation quotas.

Name	Year of Foundation	Year of dissolution	Position	Notes
Citizen Option	2009	2022	Right	Previously known as the National Integration Party (PIN). He did not reach the electoral threshold in the 2018 elections, although he held two representatives in the House for the period 2018-2022.
Party We Are Region Colombia	2017	2018	Right	Alas Equipo Colombia Party Successor, who recovered his legal status after the Council of State recognized an error in the counting of the 2010 elections. He did not reach the electoral threshold in the 2018 elections.
Political Movement All We Are Colombia	2009	2018	Centre	Previously known as Fundación Ébano de Colombia (Funeco). He did not reach the electoral threshold in the 2018 elections.
Alas Team Colombia	2005	2010	Right	It did not reach the electoral threshold in the 2010 elections. Successed in 2017 by the Partido Somos Región Colombia.
Liberal opening	1993	2010	Centre	It did not reach the electoral threshold in the 2010 elections.
Afro-Colombian Social Alliance		2010	Centre	It did not reach the electoral threshold in the 2010 elections.
Christian Party of Transformation and Order		2010	Right	It did not reach the electoral threshold in the 2010 elections.
Citizen Convergence Party	1997	2009	Right	Dismantled after the scandal of parapolitics. Successed by the National Integration Party (renamed later as Citizen Option)
Democratic Party	2006	2009	Right	Dismantled after the scandal of parapolitics. Absorbed by the National Integration Party (renamed later as Citizen Option)
Movimiento Colombia Viva	2003	2009	Right	Dismantled after the scandal of parapolitics. Absorbed by the National Integration Party (renamed later as Citizen Option)
Christian Civic Commitment to Community (C-4)		2006	Right	No electoral threshold reached in the 2006 elections
Independent Conservatism		2006	Right	Dissent of the Conservative Party, It did not reach the electoral threshold in the 2006 elections.
For the country we dreamed		2006	Centre	It did not reach the electoral threshold in the 2006 elections.
Christian Union Movement		2006	Right	It did not reach the electoral threshold in the 2006 elections.
Democratic Alternative	2003	2005	Left	Fusioned with the Independent Democratic Pole to form the Alternative Democratic Pole.
Independent Democratic Polo (PDI)	2003	2005	Left	Fusioned with Democratic Alternative to form the Alternative Democratic Polo.
National Christian Party	1989	2005	Right	Absorbed by the Radical Change Party.

Historicals

Name	Year of Foundation	Year of dissolution	Position	Notes
Bolivarian Movement for New Colombia	2000	2017	Extrema Izquierda	Political arm of the FARC. Successed by the FARC Party (renamed later as Commons).
Colombian Clandestine Communist Party	1993	2017	Extrema Izquierda	Political arm of the FARC. Successed by the FARC Party (renamed later as Commons).
Democratic Alliance M-19	1990	2003	Left	M-19 political successor. Successed by the Independent Democratic Pole, which in turn would give rise to the Alternative Democratic Pole.
New Democratic Force	1990	2002	Right	Dissent of the Conservative Party.
National Popular Alliance	1961	1998	Left	Successed by the Independent Democratic Pole, which in turn would give rise to the Alternative Democratic Pole.
Liberal Revolutionary Movement	1959	1967	Left	Dissent of the Liberal Party during the National Front.
National Revolutionary Left Union	1933	1935	Left
Revolutionary Socialist Party	1926	1930	Left	Successed by the Communist Party of Colombia.
Republican Union	1909	1921	Centre	Coalition of liberal and conservative dissidents. It wasn't formally partyed.
Colombian National Party	1886	1902	Right