Annex: Amino acids
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The amino acids are organic molecules that make up proteins —known as protein amino acids—, in addition to performing functions in various biological processes. Below is a list of the twenty protein amino acids and their biochemical properties.
Protein amino acids
| Amino acid | Side chain | Genetic code | Masa molar | Radio de Van der Waals | Polarity | Hydrophobic interaction | Isoelectric point pI | pK1
(α-COOH) | pK2
(α-+NH3) | presence protein (%) | Essential amino acids | Comments | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Open up. | Symbol | ||||||||||||
| Alanina | Ala | A | -CH3 | GCN | 89.094 | 67 | nickname | 1.8 | 6.01 | 2.35 | 9.87 | 8.76 | - | |
| Arginine | Arg | R | -(CH)2)3NH-C(NH)NH2 | MGN, CGY | 174.203 | 148 | polar | -4.5 | 10.76 | 1.82 | 8.99 | 5.78 | semi | |
| Asparagine | Asn | N | -CH2CONH2 | AAY | 132.119 | 96 | polar | -3,5 | 5.41 | 2.14 | 8.72 | 3.93 | - | Also called asparragine and even asparraguina in some sources. |
| Asparian acid | Asp | D | -CH2COOH | GAY | 133.104 | 91 | polar | -3.5 | 2.85 | 1.99 | 9.90 | 5.49 | - | |
| Cistein | Cys | C | -CH2SH | UGY | 121.154 | 86 | polar | 2.5 | 5.05 | 1.92 | 10.70 | 1.38 | -♪ | Two cysteine molecules can form a disulfuriate link, forming a cystine molecule. |
| Glutamine | Gln | Q | -CH2CH2CONH2 | CAR | 146.146 | 114 | polar | -3.5 | 5.65 | 2.17 | 9.13 | 3.90 | - | |
| Glutamic acid | Glu | E | -CH2CH2COOH | GAR | 147.131 | 109 | polar | -3.5 | 3.15 | 2.10 | 9.47 | 6.32 | - | |
| Glicina | Gly | G | -H | GGN | 75.067 | 48 | nickname | -0.4 | 6.06 | 2.35 | 9.78 | 7.03 | - | Because of the two hydrogen atoms in alpha carbon, glycine does not have asymmetric carbons and therefore is not optically active, being the only amino acid with this characteristic. |
| Histidina | His | H | -CH2- C3H3N2 | CAY | 155.156 | 118 | polar | -3.2 | 7.60 | 1.80 | 9.33 | 2.26 | semi | |
| Isoleucina | Ile | I | -CH(CH)3)CH2CH3 | AUH | 131.175 | 124 | nickname | 4.5 | 6.05 | 2.32 | 9.76 | 5.49 | + | |
| Leucina | Leu | L | -CH2CH(CH3)2 | YUR, CUY | 131.175 | 124 | nickname | 3.8 | 6.01 | 2.33 | 9.74 | 9.68 | + | The Cotton CUG It is also the initiation codon for one of the two alternative products of the human c-myc gene (Hann et al., 1987). |
| Lisina | Lys | K | -(CH)2)4NH2 | AAR | 146.189 | 135 | polar | -3.9 | 9.60 | 2.16 | 9.06 | 5.19 | + | |
| Metionina | Met | M | -CH2CH2SCH3 | AUG | 149.208 | 124 | nickname | 1.9 | 5.74 | 2.13 | 9.28 | 2.32 | + | The AUG Cotton also serves as an initiation site; the first AUG in a RNA encodes the site where protein translation is started. |
| Fenilalanina | Phe | F | -CH2C6H5 | UUY | 165.192 | 135 | nickname | 2.8 | 5.49 | 2.20 | 9.31 | 3.87 | + | |
| Prolina | Pro | P | -CH2CH2CH2- | CCN | 115.132 | 90 | nickname | -1.6 | 6.30 | 1.95 | 10.64 | 5.02 | - | It usually interrupts sections of secondary structure such as alpha propeller or beta sheet. |
| Serina | Being | S | -CH2OH | UCN, AGY | 105.093 | 73 | polar | -0.8 | 5.68 | 2.19 | 9.21 | 7.14 | - | |
| Treonina | Thr | T | -CH(OH)CH3 | ACN | 119.119 | 93 | polar | -0.7 | 5.60 | 2.09 | 9.10 | 5.53 | + | |
| Triptófano | Trp | W | -CH2C8H6N | UGG | 204.228 | 163 | nickname | -0.9 | 5.89 | 2.46 | 9.41 | 1.25 | + | |
| Tyrosine | Tyr | And | -CH2- C6H4OH | UAY | 181.191 | 141 | polar | -1.3 | 5.64 | 2.20 | 9.21 | 2.91 | -♪ | |
| Valina | Val | V | -CH(CH)3)2 | GUN | 117.148 | 105 | nickname | 4.2 | 6.00 | 2.39 | 9.7 | 6.73 | + | |
| ♪ Essential for pregnant children and women. | ||||||||||||||
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