Amphibole

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The amphiboles are a group of minerals from the silicate class, inosilicate group. The name of amphibole derives from the Greek ἀμφίβολος - amphibolos, which means ambiguous, alluding to the changing varieties, in composition and appearance, that these minerals present.

Chemical Structure

Chemically they are metasilicates of calcium, magnesium and iron. The fundamental structural unit of amphiboles is the silicon oxygen tetrahedron (SiO4) linked in the form of long double chains. The chemical formula of each amphibole mineral is the result of metal substitutions in the double chain: RSi4O11.

Features

The most common minerals in basic metamorphic and plutonic rocks are hornblende and actinolite. They are the fundamental minerals of magmatic rocks, and an essential component of amphibolite. They are black or dark green in color and their appearance is glassy or milky, in thin section they present moderate relief, slight pleochroism, low interference colors and in basal section they present cleavage angles of 124° and 56° as a distinctive characteristic.

Amphibole minerals

There are many species and varieties, some of the most important can be grouped into four subgroups:

Mg-Mn-Fe-Li clinoamphiboles

Name of mineralChemical formula
ClinoferroholmquistitaLi2[2+)3Al2Yes8O22(OH,F)2
Cummingtonite or AntholitaMg7Yeah.8O22(OH)2
Grunerita(Federal2+)7Yeah.8O22(OH)2
Manganocummingtonita or Tirodita(Mn)2Mg5Yeah.8O22(OH)2
Manganogrunerita(Mn)2(Federal2+)5Yeah.8O22(OH)2

Cline Amphiboles of Calcium

Name of mineralChemical formula
ActinolitaCa2(Mg, Fe2+)5Yeah.8O22(OH)2
Baroisita()NaCa[Mg3(Al, Fe3+)2](Yes7(a)O22(OH)2
CannilloitaCa Ca2(Mg4Al)(Yes5Al3O22(OH)2
EdenitaNaCa2Mg5Yes7(a)O22(OH)2
Ferroactinolita()Ca2(Federal2+)5Yeah.8O22(OH)2
FerroedenitaNaCa2(Federal2+)5Yes7(a)O22(OH)2
FerritschermakitaCa2[Mg3(Federal3+)2](Yes6Al2O22(OH)2
Ferrobarroisita()NaCa[(Feb)2+)3AlFe3+](Yes7(a)O22(OH)2
Ferrohornblenda()Ca2[2+)4Al.7(a)O22(OH)2
FerrokaersutitaNaCa2[2+)4Ti4+](Yes6Al2O23(OH)
FerropargasitaNaCa2[2+)4Al.6Al2O22(OH)2
FerrorichteritaNa2Ca(Fe2+)5Yeah.8O22(OH)2
Ferrotschermakita()Ca2[2+)3AlFe3+](Yes6Al2O22(OH)2
Ferrowinchita()NaCa[(Feb)2+)4Yeah.8O22(OH)2
FluorocanilloiteCa Ca2(Mg4Al)(Yes5Al3)8O22F2
FluoroedeniteNaCa2Mg5Yes7(a)O22F2
FluoropotasicrichteriteKNaCaMg5Yeah.8O22F2
HastingsitaNaCa2[2+)4Fe3+](Yes6Al2O22(OH)2
KaersutitaNaCa2(Mg4AlTi4+)(Yes6Al2O22O2
CatoforitaNa2Ca[Fe2+)4Al.7(a)O22(OH)2
Magnesiohastingsita or TibergitaNaCa2(Mg4Fe3+)(Yes6Al2O22(OH)2
Magnesiumhornblenda()Ca2[Mg4(Al, Fe3+)7(a)O22(OH)2
MagnesiumkatophoritaNaNaCa(Mg4Al)(Yes7(a)O22(OH)2
MagnesydaagaiteNaCa2[Mg3(Federal3+, Al)2](Yes5Al3O22(OH)2
MagnesiotaramitaNaNaCa(Mg3AlFe3+)(Yes6Al2O22(OH)2
PargasitaNaCa2(Mg4Al)(Yes6Al2O22(OH)2
Parvo-manganotremolita(CaMn)Mg5Yeah.8O22(OH)2
Potásico-FerrisadanagaitaKCa2[2+)3(Federal3+)2](Yes5Al3O22(OH)2
PotassicpargasitaKCa2(Mg4Al)(Yes6Al2O22(OH)2
Richterita or IsabellitaNa(CaNa)Mg5Yeah.8O22(OH)2
TaramitaNa2Ca(Fe2+)3AlFe3+Yes6Al2O22(OH)2
Tremolita, Calamita, Peponita or Sebesita()Ca2Mg5Yeah.8O22(OH)2
TschermakitaCa2(Mg3AlFe3+)(Yes6Al2O22(OH)2
Eckrita or Winchita()NaCa[Mg4Yeah.8O22(OH)2


Cline Amphibole Sodium

Name of mineralChemical formula
AluminotaramitaNa2Ca(Fe2+)3Al2Yes6Al2O22(OH)2
IMA2007-015K(Ca, Na)2+3Al2(OH)2- Yeah.6Al2O22)

Mg-Fe-Mn-Li Orthoamphiboles

Name of mineralChemical formula
Anthophilite(Mg)7Yeah.8O22(OH)2
Ferroantofilita(Federal)2+)7Yeah.8O22(OH)2
Ferrogedrita(Federal)2+)5Al2Yes6Al2O22(OH)2
Gedrita or Bidalotita(Mg)5Al2Yes6Al2O22(OH)2
HolmquistitaLi2(Mg3Al2Yes8O22(OH)2
Protoferro-antofilita(Federal2+)7Yeah.8O22(OH)2
Protomangano-ferro-antofilita(Mn2+)2(Federal2+)5Yeah.8O22(OH)2
Sodium-ferro-antofiliteNa(Fem2+)7Yes7(a)O22(OH)2
Sodium-ferro-gedritaNa(Fem2+)5Al2Yes5Al3O22(OH)2
SodicantofilitaNaMg7Yes7(a)O22(OH)2
SodicgedritaNaMg6Al(Yes6Al2O22(OH)2
  • Antofilite (Mg, Fe)7Yeah.8O22(OH)2
  • Tremolita Ca2Mg5Yeah.8O22(OH)2
  • Actinolita Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Yeah.8O22(OH)2
  • Cummingtonita Fe2Mg5Yeah.8O22(OH)2
  • Grunerita Fe7Yeah.8O22(OH)2
  • Hornblenda Ca2(Mg, Fe, Al)5(Al, Si)8O22(OH)2
  • Glaucofana Na2(Mg, Fe)3Al2Yeah.8O22(OH)2
  • Riebeckita Na2Fe2+3Fe3+2Yeah.8O22(OH)2
  • Arfvedsonita Na3Fe2+4Fe3+Yeah.8O22(OH)2
  • Crocidolita Na2Fe2+3Fe3+2Yeah.8O22(OH)2
  • Richterita Na2Ca(Mg, Fe)5Yeah.8O22(OH)2
  • Pargasita NaCa2Mg3Fe2+Yeah.6Al3O22(OH)2

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