Ahmed III

Ahmed III (December 30, 1673 - Constantinople, July 1, 1736) was sultan of the Ottoman Empire and son of Sultan Mehmed IV. He ascended the throne of the Sublime Porte in 1703 after the abdication of his brother Mustafa II. Ahmed established and maintained good relations with England and later Great Britain undoubtedly keeping in mind the threatening attitude of Russia. He welcomed Charles XII of Sweden into the empire after the Swedish defeat at the Battle of Poltava in 1709 at the hands of the Russian Tsar Peter the Great. Forced against his will to go to war against Russia, he was the sultan who came closest to fragmenting the power of his northern rival, since his Grand Vizier Baltaji Mahommed Paşa succeeded in completely besieging him near the Prut in 1711.

In the treaty that Russia was forced to sign, the Ottoman Empire obtained the restitution of Azov, the destruction of the fortresses built by Russia, and a promise that the tsar should refrain from any future interference in affairs concerning the Poles. or the Cossacks. Discontent at the leniency of these terms was so pronounced at Constantinople that it almost provoked the outbreak of a new war against Russia.

In 1715 the Duchy of Morea was conquered from the Venetians. This left a free hand for hostilities with Austria, with which the Ottoman Empire failed, and Belgrade fell to Austria's side in 1717. Through the mediation of England and the Netherlands the Peace of Passarowitz was established in 1718, by which Turkey He retained his conquests from the Venetians, but lost Hungary. A war with Persia ended in disaster, leading to a rebellion by the Janissaries, who deposed Ahmed in September 1730. He died in prison six years later.

Family

It is known that Ahmed III is the sultan with the largest family in the Ottoman dynasty. The host of his harem was Dilhayat Kalfa, known to be one of the greatest Turkish composers of the early modern period.

Consorts

Ahmed III had at least twenty-one consorts:

• Emetullah Kadin. Baş Kadin (first consort) and her first concubine, was the mother of the firstborn, Fatma Sultan, Ahmed's favorite daughter. It was Ahmed's most beloved consort, who dedicated him a mosque, a school and a fountain. Very devout and active in charity, he died in 1740 at the Old Palace.
• Emine Mihrişah Kadin. She was the mother of four children, including Mustafa III, twenty-sixth sultan of the Ottoman Empire but died in the face of the ascent of her son and therefore was never Valide sultan. He died in April 1732. His son built the Ayazma Mosque in his honor in Üsküdar.
• Rabia Şermi Kadin. She was the mother of Abdülhamid I, the twenty-seventh sultan of the Ottoman Empire, but she died before the ascent of her son and therefore was never Valide Sultan. In 1728, a source was dedicated to Üsküdar. He died in 1732. His son built the Beylerbeyi Mosque in his honor.
• Hürrem Kadin. Listed in a document that names the consorts exiled to the Old Palace after the deposition of Ahmed III whose jewels were confiscated. He died after 1730.
• Ayşe Mihri Behri Kadin. Before he became a consort, he was a midwife.
• Hatem Kadin. Mother of twins, she died in 1772 and was buried in the Eyüp cemetery.
• Emine Musli Kadin. Also called Muslıhe Kadın, Muslu Kadin or Musalli Kadın. Mother of two daughters, died in 1750 and was buried with them in the Yeni Cami.
• Rukiye Kadin. Mother of a daughter and a son, built a fountain near the Yeni Cami. He died after 1738 and was buried with his daughter in the Yeni Cami.
• Fatma Hümaşah Kadin. He died in 1732 and was buried by Yeni Cami.
• Gülneş Kadin. Also called Gülnuş Kadın. She appears in a document that names her consorts exiled to the Old Palace after the deposition of Ahmed III, whose jewels were confiscated. He died after 1730.
• Meyli Kadin. Listed in a document that names the consorts exiled to the Old Palace after the deposition of Ahmed III whose jewels were confiscated. He died after 1730.
• Hatice Kadin. He died in 1722 and was buried in the Yeni Cami.
• Nazife Kadin. Listed in a document that names the consorts exiled to the Old Palace after the deposition of Ahmed III whose jewels were confiscated. He died after 1730, perhaps on December 29, 1764.
• Nejat Kadin. Listed in a document that names the consorts exiled to the Old Palace after the deposition of Ahmed III whose jewels were confiscated. He died after 1730.
• Sadık Kadın. Also called Sadıka Kadin. Listed in a document that names the consorts exiled to the Old Palace after the deposition of Ahmed III whose jewels were confiscated. He died after 1730.
• Hüsnüşah Kadin. He died in 1733 and was buried in the Yeni Cami.
• Şahin Kadin. He died in 1732 and was buried in the Yeni Cami.
• Ümmügülsüm Kadin. He died in 1768 and was buried in the Yeni Cami.
• Zeyneb Kadin. Mother of a daughter, died in 1757 and was buried by Yeni Cami.
• Hanife Kadin. Mother of a daughter, died in 1750 and was buried in the Yeni Cami.
• Şayeste Hanim. Baş ikbal. He died in 1722 and was buried by Yeni Cami.

Children

Ahmed III had at least twenty-one children, all buried, apart from the two who became sultans, at Yeni Cami:

• Şehzade Mehmed (24 November 1705 - 30 July 1706).
• Şehzade Isa (23 February 1706 - 14 May 1706).
• Şehzade Ali (18 June 1706 - 12 September 1706).
• Şehzade Selim (29 August 1706 - 15 April 1708).
• Şehzade Murad (17 November 1707 - 1707).
• Şehzade Murad (25 January 1708 - 1 April 1708).
• Şehzade Abdülmecid (12 December 1709-18 March 1710). Gemelo de Şehzade Abdülmelek.
• Şehzade Abdülmelek (12 December 1709 - 7 March 1711). Gemelo de Şehzade Abdülmecid.
• Şehzade Süleyman (25 August 1710 - 11 October 1732) - with Mihrişah Kadin. He died in the Kafes after two years in prison.
• Şehzade Mehmed (8 October 1712 - 15 July 1713).
• Şehzade Selim (21 March 1715 - February 1718) - with Hatem Kadın. Saliha Sultan's twin.
• Şehzade Mehmed (2 January 1717 - 2 January 1756) - with Rukiye Kadın. He died in the Kafes after twenty-six years in prison.
• Mustafa III (28 January 1717 - 21 January 1774) - with Mihrişah Kadin. It was the twenty-sixth sultan of the Ottoman Empire after twenty-seven years of imprisonment in the Kafes.
• Şehzade Bayezid (4 October 1718 - 24 January 1771) - with Mihrişah Kadin. He died in the Kafes after forty-one years in prison.
• Şehzade Abdüllah (18 December 1719 - 19 December 1719).
• Şehzade Ibrahim (12 September 1720 - 16 March 1721).
• Şehzade Numan (22 February 1723 - 29 December 1764). He died in the Kafes after thirty-four years in prison.
• Abdülhamid I (20 March 1725 - 7 April 1789) - with Rabia Şermi Kadın. It was the twenty-seventh sultan of the Ottoman Empire after forty-four years of imprisonment in the Kafes.
• Şehzade Seyfeddin (3 February 1728 - 1732) - with Mihrişah Kadin. He died in the Kafes after two years in prison.
• Şehzade Mahmud (? - December 22, 1756). He died in the Kafes after twenty-six years in prison.
• Sehzade Hasan (? - ?). He probably died in the Kafes.

Daughters

Ahmed III had at least thirty-six daughters:

• Fatma Sultan (September 22, 1704 - May 1733) - with Emetullah Kadın. She was her father's favorite daughter. He married twice and had two sons and two daughters. She and her second husband were the real power during the tulip era. She fell in disrespect after the revolt of Patrona Halil and was confined to the Çırağan Palace where she died three years later.
• Hatice Sultan (21 January 1701 - 29 August 1707). Buried in the mausoleum Turhan Sultan in the Yeni Cami.
• Ayşe Sultan (? - 1706). Buried in the Yeni Cami.
• Mihrimah Sultan (17 June 1706 -?). She died as a child and was buried in the Yeni Cami.
• Rukiye Sultan (3 March 1707 - 29 August 1707). He was buried in the Yeni Cami.
• Ümmügülsüm Sultan (11 February 1708 - 28 November 1732). Zeynep Sultan's twin. She married once and had four sons and one daughter.
• Zeynep Sultan (11 February 1708 - 5 November 1708). Twin sister of Ümmügülsüm Sultan. He was buried in the Yeni Cami.
• Zeynep Sultan (5 January 1710 - July 1710). He was buried in the Yeni Cami.
• Hatice Sultan (8 February 1710 - 1710, before September). He was buried in the mausoleum of Turhan Sultan in Yeni Cami.
• Hatice Sultan (September 27, 1710 - 1738) - with Rukiye Kadın. He married twice and had a son.
• Emine Sultan (1711 - 1720). He was buried in the Yeni Cami.
• Atike Sultan (29 February 1712 - 2 April 1737). He married once and had a son.
• Rukiye Sultan (7 March 1713 - October 1715). Buried in the mausoleum of Turhan Sultan in Yeni Cami.
• Zeynep Asima Sultan (8 April 1714 - 25 March 1774). He married twice and had a son.
• Saliha Sultan (21 March 1715 - 11 October 1778) - with Hatem Kadın. Gemelo de Şehzade Selim. He married five times and had a son and four daughters.
• Ayşe Sultan (10 October 1715 - 9 July 1775) - with Musli Kadın. Apodada Küçük Ayşe (meaning Ayşe) the youngest) to distinguish her from her cousin Ayşe the greatest Mustafa II's daughter. She married three times and had a daughter.
• Ferdane Sultan (? - 1718). She died as a child and was buried in the Yeni Cami.
• Reyhane Sultan (1718 - 1729). Also called Reyhan Sultan or Rihane Sultan. He was buried in the Yeni Cami.
• Ümmüseleme Sultan (? - 1719). Also called Ümmüselma Sultan. She died as a child and was buried in the Yeni Cami.
• Rabia Sultan (19 November 1719 - before 1727). He was buried in the Yeni Cami.
• Emetullah Sultan (1719 - 1723) Also called Ümmetullah Sultan. He was buried in the Yeni Cami.
• Rukiye Sultan (? - 1720). She died as a child and was buried in the Yeni Cami.
• Beyhan Sultan (? - 1720). She died as a child and was buried in the Yeni Cami.
• Emetullah Sultan (17 September 1723 - 28 January 1724). He was buried in the Yeni Cami.
• Emine Sultan (ends of 1723/principles of 1724 - 1732). He was buried in the Yeni Cami.
• Nazife Sultan (May 1723/1725 - before 1730 or 29 December 1764). Exceptionally, he never got married, most likely because he suffered a chronic illness or had physical and/or mental problems. He lived in the Old Palace all his life. However, according to other historians, he actually died as a girl and the Nazife who died at the Old Palace in 1764 was one of the consorts of Ahmed III with the same name, Nazife Kadin.
• Ümmüselene Sultan (12 October 1724 - 5 December 1732). He was buried in the Yeni Cami.
• Naile Sultan (15 December 1725 - October 1727). He was buried in the Yeni Cami.
• Esma Sultan (14 March 1726 - 13 August 1778) - with Hanife Kadın or Zeyneb Kadın. Apodada Büyük Esma (meaning Esma) the greatest) to distinguish her from her niece Esma the minor daughter of Abdülhamid I. She married three times and had a daughter.
• Sabiha Sultan (19 December 1726 - 17 December 1726). He was buried in the Yeni Cami.
• Rabia Sultan (28 October 1727 - 4 April 1728). Also called Rebia Sultan. He was buried in the Yeni Cami.
• Zübeyde Sultan (28 March 1728 - 4 June 1756) - with Musli Kadın. She got married twice.
• Ümmi Sultan (? - 1729). Also called Ümmügülsüm Sultan. He was buried in the Yeni Cami.
• Ümmühabibe Sultan (? - 1730). He was buried in the Yeni Cami.
• Akile Sultan (? - 1737). He was buried in the Yeni Cami.
• Ümmi Sultan (1730 - 1742). Also called Ümmügülsüm Sultan. He was buried in the Yeni Cami.