Adivasi
Adivasi is the general denomination of the heterogeneous group of indigenous ethnic or tribal groups of India. They are also known as the Indian tribes as opposed to the Indian castes because, like the Dalits, they do not constitute a caste.
The term ādivāsī (आदिवासी) means 'original inhabitants', since they are a very heterogeneous group that constitutes the aboriginal population of India, prior to the Aryan migrations
Its coordination throughout India is carried out by at least two organizations: AICFAIP (All India Coordinating Forum for Adivasis and Indigenous Peoples) and ICITP (Indian Confederation of Indigenous and Tribal Peoples), both based in New Delhi.
There are other organizations, mainly at the state level. The organization that intends to organize the adivasi in the small towns of Gujarat is the Association for Integrated Tribal Development (Adivasi Sarvangi Vikas Sangh).
More than 300 tribal groups have been officially recognized since 1950 and comprise approximately 7% of the country's total population, making India the country with the highest concentration of indigenous peoples in the world. They are distributed all over India except the North. They are found mainly in the states of Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Mizoram, other northeastern states, and on the Andaman and Nicobar islands.
Linguistically, the majority are speakers of Dravidian, Austroasiatic, and Tibeto-Burman languages, in contrast to the majority of the caste-based, largely Indo-Aryan population. Only the Tamils, Telugus, Cananese and Malabars are caste-forming peoples and they are the majority of the population in South India, although they speak Dravidian languages.
Main tribes
The Indian Constitution recognizes 645 tribes. Officially they are called in English Scheduled Tribes: whose translation would be "tribes catalogada" or "scheduled tribes". They are between them:
Andhra Pradesh
- 1) andh and raghu
- 2) bagata
- 3) bhil
- 4) chenchu or chenchwar
- 5) gadabas
- 6) gond naikpod, rajgond
- 7) goudu
- 8) hill reddis
- 9) jatapus
- 10) kammara
- 11) kattunayakan
- 12) kondhs
- 13) nayaks
- 14) Roma
- 15) savaras
- 16) thoti
- 17) yenadis
- 18) yerukulas.
Assam
- 1) chakma
- 2) Dimasa, kachari
- 3) garolo
- 4) hmar
- 5) khasi,
- 6) Several Kuki tribes
- 7) hajong
- 8) lakher
- 9) mizo
- 10) mikir
- 11) naga
- 12) pawi
- 13) Bond
- 14) deori
- 15) lalung
- 16) mising
- 17) rabha
Bijar
- (1) Amount
- (2)
- (3) banjara
- 4) birhor
- 5) chik baraik
- 6) gond
- 7) karmali
- 8) kharia
- 9) khond
- 10) kisan
- 11) kora
- 12) korwa
- 13) mahli
- 14) munda
- 15) oraon
- 16) santal
- 17) paharia sauria
Gujarat
- (1) bar
- (2) bharwad
- 3) several bhil
- 4) Charan
- (5) dhanka
- 6) dhodia
- 7) gamit
- 8) gond (or gondi).
- 9) koli
- 10) kunbi
- 11) rabari
- 12) siddi
- 13) varli
Himachal
- 1) gaddi and shippis
Karnataka
- (1) bar
- 2) several bhils
- (3) chenchu or chenchwar
- 4) gamit
- 5) gond
- 6) irular
- 7) jenu kuruba
- 8) kadu kuruba
- 9) kammara
- 10) kanivan
- 11) kathodi,
- 12) kattunayakan
- 13) konda
- 14) koya,
- 15) kudiya,
- 16) kuruba
- 17) maratha
- 18) marati
- 19) meda
- 20) siddi
- 21) all
- 22) valmiki
- 23) varli
Kerala
- (1) Irular
- (2) kadar
- (3) kammara
- 4) kattunayakan
- (5) konda
- 6) kota
- 7) kudiya
- 8) mudugar
- 9) muduvan or muthuvan
- 10) paliyan
- 11) ulladan
Madhya Pradesh
- 2) andh
- (3)
- 4) bharia
- 5) bhil,
- (6) agariya
- 7) bhunjia
- 8) gadaba
- 9) several Gond tribes
- 10) kawar
- 11) kharia
- 12) kol
- 13) kolam
- 14) korku
- 15) kori
- 16) manjhi
- 17) majhwar
- 18) meena
- 19) world
- 20) oraon, dhanka
- 21) panika
- 22) pao
- 23) several pardhi
- 24) sahariya, saharia
Maharashtra
- 1) andh
- (2)
- (3) fence
- 4) baki
- 5) several bhil
- 6) bhunjia
- 7) dhanka
- 8) dhanwar
- 9) dhodia
- 10) gamit
- 11) many gond
- 12) kamar
- 13) kawar
- 14) kharia
- 15) kol
- 16) kolam
- 17) korku
- 18) koya
- 19) oraon
- 20) thakur
- 21) thoti
- 22) warli
Manipur
- 1) aimol
- 2) anal
- (3) angami
- 4) chiru
- 5) chothe
- 6) gangte
- 7) hmar
- 8) kabui
- 9) koirao
- 10) koireng
- 11) kom
- 12) lamgang
- 13) mao
- 14) maram
- 15) maring
- 16) mizo
- 17) Monsang
- 18) moyon
- 19) paite
- 20) purum
- 21) ralte
- 22) sema
- 23) simte
- 24) suhte
- 25) tangkhul
- 26) thadou
- 27) vaiphei
- 28) zou