Acatic Municipality

Acatic is a municipality in the Altos Sur Region of the state of Jalisco, Mexico. It was part of the Municipality of Guadalajara from 1786 to 1821. It is located approximately 65 km east of Guadalajara. According to the 2020 Population and Housing Count, the municipality has 23,175 inhabitants. Its name comes from Nahuatl and is interpreted as: "Entre las Cañas" or "Entre el Cañaveral". Its territorial extension It is 362.39 km² and the population is mainly dedicated to the primary sector.

History

The first peoples to inhabit the region were the Chichimeca nations. Mainly the Tecuexe nation, and the Caxcanes.

The casualties that the Spanish conquerors had in the region due to the Chichimec attacks led them to respond with a war tactic of ethnocide. They brought to the Jalisco Heights rural Castilian militiamen, some of them of French descent, led in the early Middle Ages to repopulate central Spain. However, there were also Portuguese, Italians and natives of the Netherlands and Flanders, who had previously fought against the Turks and Moors. These peasant soldiers settled with private property patterns and a Catholic ideology, mixing with some Chichimecas who had remained.

In the year 1525, two small towns merged to establish themselves on the site they currently occupy. Its conquest was the work of Pedro Almíndez Chirino and Joaquín Verdaguers who had 30 horsemen, 50 infantry and 1,000 Mexicans and Tarascans. He had to capitulate to enter the town in 1531. In the year 1542, the Spanish called the town San Juan Bautista de Acatic, the year in which Viceroy Antonio de Mendoza and his odalisques passed through the place. On the right side of the main door of the local church, a plaque reads the following: This temple was built in the mid-16th century in honor of María Santísima De la Candelaria. It was rebuilt and rededicated on March 19, MCMIV Jubilee Year of the Immaculate Conception.

Shield

On June 5, 1985, the coat of arms of the municipality of Acatic was completed, being prepared by the then Municipal Treasurer Juan José Carbajal Huerta, and its presentation was made public the following day. It should be noted that C. José Pérez Padilla also collaborated in the original development of the shield and contributed some modifications to it. Finally Prof. Delia Pérez González, through a contest called by the City Council, incorporated the colors into the Acatican shield, among which the color red, characteristic of the land, prevails.

Although some modifications were incorporated in 1996 and 1997, in essence it preserved the symbolism of its origin. And currently describing it from top to bottom it consists of:

• The eagle as a heraldic symbol of courage and territorial vision.
• Four starswhich each of them means 100 years of life, light for Acatic's history.
• Two Keys which symbolize that Acatic is the gate of the Altos, as it is the area that started to the same region.

In the upper left quadrant in which the Tecuexe Indian is in the corn plantation as a symbol of the constant effort that the people of Acatique have made and are making in the cultivation of the indispensable food of the Mexicans.

• In the upper quadrant right contains the tower of the temple of the Virgin of the Candelaria.
• In the lower left quadrant is the brick fence, which symbolizes the industrial activity of the municipality, the construction that sustains it and gives life to the children, as well as a door indicating that Acatic is considered the western gate of the region of the Altos.

In the lower right quadrant the representation of Damian's Falls is incorporated as a symbol of its natural beauties.

• The reeds rods that surround it at the bottom and outside of the shield, come from the etymology of the word Acatic which means “Place between Cañas”.

Chronology of historical events

• 1531 Pedro Almíndez Chirinos took a little song from Acatic.
• 1540 Rebellion of Labels against Spanish.
• 1541 Mixed War.
• 1820 October 10th. Acatic was named as a municipality of second order.
• 1824 The Constitution was sworn in Acatic.
• 1827 The first Municipal Ordinances were issued.
• 1863 The French come to the feasts of Acatic.
• 1864 Acatic was visited by the Chinese.

Geographical description

Location

Acatic is located in the center of the state of Jalisco, between the coordinates 20º39'40" at 20º55'00" north latitude and 102º48'12" at 103º02'10" west longitude; at a height of 1,685 meters above sea level.

The municipality borders to the north with the municipalities of Cuquío and Tepatitlán de Morelos; to the east with the municipality of Tepatitlán de Morelos; to the south with the municipalities of Tepatitlán de Morelos and Zapotlanejo; to the west with the municipalities of Zapotlanejo and Cuquio.

Topography

It is located within a high plain. In general, its surface is flat (42%) and semi-flat (47%), hills with a slope on slopes and high plains and in a smaller proportion (11%) there are rugged areas.

Soils: The territory is made up of lands that belong to the Quaternary period. The composition of the soils is predominantly Cambisol, Planosol and Regosol types and a small part of Feozem. The municipality has a territorial area of 36,239 hectares, of which 10,653 are used for agricultural purposes, 20,668 for livestock activities, 300 are for forestry use and 125 are urban land; 4,493 hectares have another use. As far as property is concerned, an area of 34,982 hectares is private and another 1,257 hectares is ejidal, with no communal property.

Hydrography

Its hydrological resources are provided by the rivers and streams that make up the Río Verde, Grande Belén and Santiago sub-basins. The rivers that cross the municipality are: Verde, Calderón, Acatic and Tepatitlán; and the streams: Las Víboras, Las Campanas, Colorado, La Leonera and Santa Rita. It also has the dams: Lagunillas and El Carrizalillo.

Climate

The climate is semi-dry, with dry autumn and winter, and semi-warm, without well-defined winter thermal change. The average annual temperature is 18.5 °C, with a maximum of 30.5 °C and a minimum of 7.6 °C. The rain regime is recorded between the months of July, August and September, with an average precipitation of 835.8 millimeters. The annual average number of days with frost is 5.3. The dominant winds are from the south.

Municipal territory

The municipality has 100 towns, the most important being: Acatic (municipal capital), Santa Rita, Gustavo Díaz Ordáz, El Refugio, (Paredones), Tierras Coloradas, El Colomo, La Joya, El Tepame, El Chispeadero, Saltillo De Arriba and De Abajo, Tequililla, San Pablo, La Resolana, Las Puertas, Plan de Calderón, Chiquihuitillo and Las Motas.

The municipality also covers part of Cerro de la Campana, most of the La Zurda Dam (Calderón Dam), La Joya Dam, Sierra de Tamara, Lagunillas Dam, La Red Dam, El Carricillo Dam, Velo de Waterfalls. Novia y Salto de Damián, Hacienda Piedra Amarilla, Hacienda El Capadero, La Barranca and its Huertas, Río Acatic, Puente Acatic (Road to Yahualica shortly after Crucero de Yahualica). Also the towns of Palo Alto, Lomas de Palo Alto, Los Pollos, Chivatero, Piedra Amarilla, Rancho Nuevo and Rancho Nuevo Calderón, San Bartolo, San Antonio and San Antonio de Roa, Leonera and Leonerita, La Sosa and Las Huertas, Corral Falso, Los Ranchitos, Avicola la Joya, Las Pilas, El Tepehuaje, Los Llanitos, Cofradía, La Gazapera, La Nopalera, among others.

Flora and fauna

Its flora is basically made up of natural and induced grasses and forests where the main species are white and red oaks. There is low thorny jungle, with huizache, nopal, palo dulce, oaks, granjeno and some fruit species such as myrtle, white sapote (casimiroa edulis), black sapote, mango and mandarin, and animals such as rabbit, opossum, deer, armadillo, black bear, diversity of wild birds just to mention some road runners, hurricane, ticus, heron, zenzontle, some kinds of vipers and insects both harmful to man such as spiders, scorpions and not harmful to man and some species of animals, birds, reptiles and insects in smaller numbers.

Economy

36.98% of the inhabitants are dedicated to the primary sector, 34.61% to the secondary sector, 25.88% to the tertiary sector and the rest is not specified. 36.70% of the population It is economically active. The main economic activities are: agriculture, livestock, commerce and services.

• Agriculture: Of the local crops are chia (hispanic sage), corn, beans, oats and sorghum. In addition to fruit trees such as mango, avocado and mandarin.
• Livestock: Bovine cattle, pork, sheep and goat are grown. Besides birds.
• Industry: The main branches of industrial activity are manufacturing, mineral product production and construction.
• Tourism: The religious buildings and natural landscapes stand out.
• Trade: Predominate the shops dedicated to the sale of products of first need and the mixed trades that sell various items in small scale.
• Services: Tourist, professional, technical, personal and maintenance services are provided.

Infrastructure

• Education

83.95% of the population is literate, of which 22.41% have completed primary education. The municipality has 18 preschools, 40 primary schools, 2 secondary schools and 1 high school.

• Health

Health care is provided by the following institutions: Jalisco Health Secretariat (SSJ), Seguro Popular, the Mexican Institute of Social Security (family medicine clinic) and by 4 private doctors. The System for the Comprehensive Development of the Family (DIF) is in charge of social well-being. It has 1 Rural Health Center for first-level care (SSJ) which, through 1 mobile unit, attends to the first-level medical needs of 7 health houses distributed in 7 rancherías (Tequililla, Rancho Nuevo Calderón, El Saltillo de Abajo, Santa Rita, El Chiquihuitillo, El Colomo and Ojo de Agua de Verdum). The population of Tierras Coloradas has 1 popular clinic staffed by Seguro Popular personnel. In the town of El Refugio, (Paredones), which also belongs to the municipality of Acatic, there is a Rural Health Center, which does not have a mobile unit.

The Mexican Social Security Institute serves its beneficiaries through family medicine unit #128. There are no emergency medical care services in the municipality. There are also no second level medical care services, the Tepatitlán Regional Hospital is the one in charge of this type of care, as well as the General Hospital of Zone #21 of the Mexican Social Security Institute.

• Sport

It has sports centers, where soccer, volleyball, basketball and athletics are practiced; It has a charro canvas. It also has a cultural center, squares, parks, gardens, a social center and recreational centers.

• Housing

According to the II Population and Housing Count, it has 4,158 homes, which are generally private. 98.15% have electricity service, 74.12% have drainage and drinking water service. Its construction is generally based on concrete, brick or partition.

• Services

The municipality has drinking water services, electricity, sewage, public lighting, market, flea market, cemeteries, roads, public toilets, public safety and traffic, parks, gardens, recreational and sports centers.

As far as basic services are concerned, 78% of the inhabitants have drinking water, 82.9% have sewerage and 96.1% have electricity.

• Media and communication channels

It has mail, telegraph, fax, radio, cell phone and television signal, telephone, and radiotelephony and cable and ADSL internet service. Foreign transportation is carried out through the Guadalajara - Tepatitlán highway (free and fee). It has a network of rural roads that connect the towns. There are public buses, taxis and rental vehicles.

Demography

According to the information obtained from the 2015 population census carried out by the INEGI, the municipality of Acatic has 23,175 inhabitants, of which 2.66% of the population are indigenous.

Religion

98.76% profess the Catholic religion; However, there are also believers of Jehovah's Witnesses, Protestants and other doctrines. 0.24% of the inhabitants claimed not to practice any religion.

Culture

pre-Hispanic crafts (tecuexes)

• Crafts: Embroidered in fabric and clay figures.
• Gastronomy: Highlights the birria (the elaboration of the special salt to season the birria), barbecue, well, often, etc; of its drinks the tequila and its sweets the buñuelos, the cajeta, the churros, etc.
• Typical costumes: For the man the suit of puddle and for the woman the dress of tapathy

Places of interest

Parties

Civil holidays

• Anniversary of the Independence of Mexico: September 16.
• Anniversary of Acatic as a municipality on October 10.

Religious festivals

• Festival de la Candelaria: February 2.
• Feast in honor of the Virgin of Guadalupe: December 12th.
• Day of Dead: November 2.
• Feast in honor of Saint John the Baptist June 24th.
• Feast in honor of Our Lady of Refugio July 4 (El Refugio, Paredones)
• Fair and party in honor of Our Lady of Refugio third Sunday of January (El Refugio, Paredones)

Government

Its form of government is democratic and depends on the state and federal government; Elections are held every 3 years, where the municipal president and his cabinet are elected. The municipal president is Marco Tulio Moya Díaz, from the PAN, PRD and Movimiento Ciudadano, who was elected during the democratic elections held on July 1, 2018.

Municipal presidents

Municipal President	Period	Political party	Notes
Florencio Nuño	1759
Juan Flores	1760
Francisco Flores	1761-1762
Lorenzo Flores	1765
Antonio Zavala	1800
Miguel Baltasar	1816
Ignacio Cornejo	1821
José Ignacio Aldrete	1824
Rafael Barajas	1827
José Manuel Padilla Vizcaíno	1829
Ramón Íñiguez	1849
Manuel de la Torre	1849
Rafael Barajas	1850
José María Fernández de Rueda	1850
Cándido González	1862
Calito Gutiérrez	1864
Nepomuceno Martin del Campo	1865
Silvano González	1865
Marcelino Casillas	1866–1867
Ramón Casillas	1867
Simon Salcid	1868
Cándido González	1868
Marcelino Casillas	1871
Marcelino Casillas	1873
Aldino Lomelí	1873
Alva Apollina	1876
Rubencio Rivera	1876
Cándido González	1877
Jesus of Rueda	1877
Ramón Casillas	1880
Martín Cervantes	1882
Herculaneum Anaya	1882
Lino de la Torre	1882
Vicente de Paul González	1883
Cándido González	1883
Ramón Casillas	1883
Cándido González	1884
Lino de la Torre	1884
Jesus I. de Rueda	1885
Ramón Gutiérrez	1886
Jesus I. de Rueda	1887
Cándido González	1888
Guadalupe Gutiérrez	1889
Cándido González	1892
Cándido González	1900
Conrado González	1901
Cándido González	1902
Conrado González	1903
Marcos Gutiérrez	1904-1905
Ramón Jiménez Gómez	1906
Guadalupe Gutiérrez	1907-1908
Maximino Anaya	1909
Felix Soto	1910
Cándido González	1911
Conrado González	1912
Abraham González	1912
Felix Soto	1912
J. Refugio de la Torre	1913
Guadalupe Gutiérrez	1913
Epifanio Gómez	1913
Eligio Castañeda	1913
Maximino Anaya	1914
Felix Soto	1915-1917
Ramón Jiménez	1918
Juan H. González	1919
Ramón Jiménez	1920-1923
Alejandro González	1924
Margarito Medina	1926
Jesus Diaz	1927-1928
Eligio Castañeda	1929-1930	PNR
Ramón Jiménez	1931	PNR
Celerino González	1932	PNR
Jesus Diaz	1933	PNR
Abel Arana	1934-1935	PNR
Jesus Diaz	1936	PNR
Silvano González	1937	PNR
Roberto González de la Torre	1938-1939	PRM
Jesus Diaz	1940	PRM
Roberto González	1941	PRM
Alfonso Pérez de la Torre	1943	PRM
J. Isabel Sánchez Plascencia	1944	PRM
Everardo Rivera Sánchez	1945-1946	PRM
Rodolfo Calderón	1947	PRI
Lino de la Torre Gómez	1948	PRI
Roberto González de la Torre	1949-1950	PRI
Everardo Rivera Sánchez	1951	PRI
Roberto González de la Torre	1952	PRI
Lino de la Torre Gómez	1953–1955	PRI
Alfonso Pérez de la Torre	1956	PRI
J. Jesús González González	1957-1958	PRI
Attenógenes de la Torre	1959–1960	PRI
Lino de la Torre Gómez	1961	PRI
Ignacio González Vega	1962-1964	PRI
Jerónimo Robles Ramírez	1964	PRI
Rodolfo González Gutiérrez	1965-1967	PRI
Rodolfo González Herrera	01-01-1968-31-12-1970	PRI
J. Jesus of the Tower of the Tower	01-01-1971–31-12-1973	PRI
José López Gutiérrez	01-01-1974-31-12-1976	PRI
Alfonso Almaraz de la Torre	01-01-1977–31-12-1979	PRI
Servando Miranda Valdivia	01-01-1980–31-12-1982	PRI
J. Jesus of the Tower of the Tower	01-01-1983–31-12-1985	PRI
Antonio Almaraz López	01-01-1986-31-12-1988	PRI
Fidel de la Torre López	01-01-1989-1992	PRI
José Guadalupe Ramírez Camarena	1992-1995	PANEL
Miguel Vázquez Martínez	1995–1997	PANEL
José Guadalupe Ramírez Camarena	01-01-1998-31-12-2000	PANEL
Ezequiel González Jiménez	01-01-2001-2003	PRI	He asked for a license.
José de Jesús de Rosas Vega	2003	PRI	Interino
Ezequiel González Jiménez	2003–31-12-2003	PRI	Summary of charges
Rigoberto de la Torre Anaya	01-01-2004–31-12-2006	PRI
Martín Hernández Guerrero	01-01-2007–31-12-2009	PANEL
Héctor Manuel Camacho Heráldez	01-01-2010–30-09-2012	PANEL
Arturo Hernández Carbajal	01-10-2012–30-09-2015	PRI PVEM	Coalition "Jalisco Commitment"
Antonio Cruz de la Torre Ruvalcaba	01-10-2015–30-09-2018	PANEL
Marco Tulio Moya Díaz	01-10-2018–30-09-2021	PANEL PRD MC
Marco Tulio Moya Díaz	01-10-2021–	PANEL	It was re-elected 06-06-2021

Featured people

• Rubén González Sánchez, benefactor
• Párroco Miguel Ramos Domínguez, benefactor
• Párroco Vicente Magallón García, benefactor
• María del Refugio Hernández (Cuquita), sportsman
• Anastasio de la Torre, political leader
• Dámaso Díaz Castellano, priest
• David Rodriguez, selected Olympic
• Gregorio Ruiz, militar
• José Gómez, militar
• Maria Josefa Campos, nun
• Juan Nepomuceno Ibarra, militar
• Manuel Villegas Mayor, indigenous
• Martín Ramírez, militar
• Jesus of Rueda, military
• Simon Salcido, politician
• Silvano González, politician
• Marcelino Casillas, politician
• Calixto Gutiérrez, politician
• Doctor Talancón, humanist doctor
• Miguel Gómez Loza, martyr, beato and governor