Abadiano

Abadiano (in Basque and officially Abadiño) is a municipality in the province of Vizcaya in the Basque Country (Spain), located in the region of Duranguesado, with an area of 36.26 km². It has a population of 7,708 inhabitants according to the 2022 census and a population density of 207.45 inhabitants/km². Abadiño is a church.

Toponym

Abadiano belongs to the series of Basque place names ending in the suffix -ano. Philologists such as Julio Caro Baroja or L. M. Mujika established the working hypothesis that both this suffix and the suffix -ain, very frequent in Basque-Navarre toponymy, were the result of the evolution of the Latin suffix < i>-anum in Basque lands.

In many regions of the ancient Roman Empire, the accusative suffix -anum attached to a personal name formed the name of rustic possessions called fundi. This name used to be that of the original owner of the fundus, since later if the owner changed the name of the fundus it used to remain unchanged. Following this hypothesis, the Basque populations with the suffix -ain or -ano would trace their origin to rural settlements from the Roman Era or Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, which would have maintained patterns to name the properties inherited from Roman times.

Caro Baroja analyzed the Basque place names ending in -ano trying to establish the proper name that would be hidden behind each one of them. In the case of Abadiano, he maintained that the proper name Abatius was found. The evolution of the toponym would have been Abatianum→Abatiano→Abadiano→Abadiño.

Opposite this hypothesis is the one that relates the name of the town with the word abbot (abade in Basque) or abbey. It is not in vain that the first written mentions of Abadiano, dating back to the 11th century, always refer to the abbots of Abadiano. and therefore the origins of the town could be related to an abbey or monastery located in the place. When naming the place, perhaps the naming guideline referred to by Caro Baroja would have been followed.

Abadiano was fixed in the Middle Ages as the written form of the name, however in Basque the name continued to evolve orally and gave rise to Abadiño, which is how the population is currently called in this language. In Spanish, the oldest form Abadiano is maintained, as the formal name of the town.

In 1983, the city council decided to change the official name of the municipality from Abadiano to Abadiño, adopting the Basque name of the town.

Symbols

The flag

The current Abadiano flag is based on a previous one that dates back to 1896 and which disappeared in 1975. It was made in 1977 based on a copy that existed in the Galíndez palace.

The flag is made up of squares made up of four colored triangles; white is the triangle on the left, yellow is the upper one, green is the lower one and red is the one on the right. In the center there is a white square with the inscription Abadiño 1977 urtea (Abadiño year 1977), in 1896 the center was occupied by a white circle decorated with plant motifs where the inscription appeared. Noble church of Abadiano year 1896.

The shield

The Abadiano shield is divided into three quarters; In the first of them the altars of Urkiola appear, on a silver field the cross of San Antonio in blue, below it, a pot in black and a scallop shell like ours from the pilgrims of Santiago; in the second barracks on a blue field, a green tree crossed by a wolf in black, surrounding the group with 11 spears signifying the 11 seats of the Guerendiaga meetings; The third barracks on a blue background and in silver the bridge, the church of San Trocuato and the town hall appear, with green mountains in the background.

Orography

The municipality of the Abadiano church is located in the south-central part of the Duranguesado region, which is why it occupies a part of the Ibaizábal river valley, exactly the area where the Zaldu from Zaldívar is received, and the area of Urquiola with its Mediterranean slope and the large limestone masses that make up the Duranguesado mountains. The Urkiola Natural Park extends across a good part of the municipal territory of Abadiño on the southern side of the municipality, while in the northern part of the municipality it gently climbs the slope of the Oiz. The most important elevations are Alluitz (1034 meters) and Urkiolagirre (1008 meters). The BI-263 highway crosses the port of Urkiola (715 meters). The altitude ranges between 1034 meters (Alluitz) in the southeast and 110 meters on the banks of the Ibaizábal. The town stands 144 meters above sea level.

Hydrography

The municipality of Abadiano participates in two hydrographic basins, the Cantabrian and the Mediterranean. The main river of the Cantabrian basin is the Ibaizábal, coming from the port of Kanpazar, and joins in the Abadiño-Tarra neighborhood of Traña-Matiena with the Zaldu, coming from the port of Areitio in Zaldívar. This river, together with the Nervión, forms the Bilbao estuary.

On the southern slope, the Mediterranean, the main river is the Urquiola and it forms, already in Álava, the Santa Engracia reservoir.

Geographical position and limits

Abadiano is located on the southeastern edge of the province of Vizcaya. Its geographical coordinates are 43°9′9″N 2°36′27″W / 43.15250, -2.60750. It is integrated into the Duranguesado region, located 38 kilometers from Bilbao. The municipal area is crossed by the Cantábrico Highway (AP-8) and by the national highway N-634 between points 78 and 80, as well as by the N-636 highway, which connects Durango with Elorrio and the AP-1, BI-263, which connects Durango with Otxandio, BI-633, which connects Durango with Ondárroa, and BI-3341, which heads towards Garay.

Northwest: Iurreta	North: Garai	Northeast: Bérriz
West: Durango, Izurza and Mañaria		This: Elorrio
Southwest: Dima	South: Ochandiano and Aramayona (Álava)	Sureste: Valle de Achondo

Demography

The municipality, which has an area of 36 km², counts according to the municipal register for

2017 of the INE with 7522 inhabitants and a density of 208,6 hab./km2. In 2020, 7,658 inhabitants were included.

Graphic of demographic evolution of Abadiano between 1842 and 2017

Population of law according to population censuses of the INE.Population according to the 2017 municipal register.

The population is distributed in three urban centers, Traña-Matiena with 3,735 inhabitants, Zelaieta with 1,549 inhabitants and Muntsaratz with 1,614 inhabitants, although the latter two, due to their proximity, can be considered as an urban unit. Scattered throughout the rural neighborhoods there is a population of 760 inhabitants, according to the 2020 census.

Composition

The municipality of Abadiño is made up of 13 neighborhoods: Amaitermin, Astola, Gaztelua, Guerediaga, Irázola, Lebario, Mendiola, Muntsaratz, Murueta, Sagasta, Traña-Matiena, Urkiola and Zelaieta. Historically, the antechurch has been divided into the brotherhoods of Gaztelua, Gerediaga, Mendiola, Muntsaratz, Sagasta and Traña or Matiena.

The neighborhoods of Zelaieta (which is what people come to know as Abadiano), Traña-Matiena and Muntsaratz are neighborhoods with an urban structure, mainly Matiena, which constitutes a nucleus of its own identity and influences the surrounding neighborhoods (Astola, Lebario and Guerediaga). The distance between Matiena and Zelaieta is 1.5 km and between Zelaieta and Muntsaratz less than 1 km, which makes it in practice an urban unit. The existence of industrial estates between Matiena and Zelaieta makes the urban uniformity of the municipality difficult.

The Sagasta, Gaztelua, Irazola, Mendiola, Urkiola, Amaitermin and Guerediaga neighborhoods are eminently rural while Astola, Murueta, Leberio and part of the Guerediaga neighborhood are influenced by the proximity to Matiena and industrial estates have been established there.

The population of the municipality is mainly established in urban areas. Matiena maintains the vast majority of it, leaving the neighborhoods of Muntsaratz and Zelaieta, between them, a little below Matiena considering this variable.

Traditional scenes

In the municipality there are small urban centers formed around groups of hamlets that, historically, together with the urban center of Zelaieta, made up the political structure of the municipality.

Zelaieta Urban Scene

Zelaieta is the historic and traditional heart of the municipality, including the town hall, the parish church and the municipal cemetery. It also concentrates the most relevant civil constructions, with the exception of the Muntsaratz tower house. The urban fabric of Zelaieta is made up of buildings of two or three heights made of ashlar and masonry, often plastered in light colors or leaving the stone exposed. The use of masonry with sandstone ashlar finishings in openings and corners with curved tile roofs and large wooden eaves and wooden carpentry finished with forging is common. The urban planning is irregular with streets and squares that favor heterogeneous public space.

Astola Urban Scene

A few meters from the urban center of Matiena on the left bank of the Atsarte or Astola river, is the small town of Astola that is formed around the Juntas Astolazubiaur house and the hermitage of San Vicente. Next to them, several hamlets were settled, which over time gave way to various industrial settlements that ended up forming an industrial estate and the location of the municipality's soccer field, which was the seed of the sports area that has just been formed there.. A block of flats, purely urban, forms the largest housing settlement in the area.

The surroundings of the hermitage of San Vicente and that of the Casa de Juntas have free green spaces that constitute spaces that allow their adequate perception.

Urban Scene of Sagasta

The small nucleus of Sagasta, purely rural, is made up of two-story farmhouses with low roofs made of ashlar and masonry with the openings and corners finished in sandstone ashlar. The gabled roofs have wooden eaves.

The urban space created, which has as a backdrop the limestone masses of Alluitz, forms a spongey and organic fabric that allows for a heterogeneous and quality public space. The hamlets have private areas, with characteristic plot enclosures made of stone, which give access to a public square where a laundry fountain is located and near it, a little above the level of the road, the hermitage of Santa Lucía is located..

Urban scene of Mendiola

Mendiola, under the hills of Untzilaitz and the small neighborhood of Larringar, is a group of two-story farmhouses with low roofs made of ashlar and masonry with a gable roof of curved tiles and wooden eaves. The openings and corner are finished in sandstone ashlar. It is a purely rural environment that forms a fluffy and organic fabric, with irregular alignments that favor a heterogeneous and quality public space.

The entity of the Mendiola nucleus has been relatively important. At the beginning of the 20th century the schools for boys and girls, today transformed into a social center, and the fronton were built. The religious service has been organized around the hermitage of San Cristóbal, although there have been some other temples.

Population of the municipality of Abadiano

Population breakdown according to the Continuous Register by Population Unit of the INE.

Communications

The main communication routes of Vizcaya run through the Ibaizábal valley and therefore pass through the municipality. In terms of road communication, the national highway N-634 and the AP-8 toll highway stand out, linking the municipality with the capital of the province, Bilbao, and the Guipuzcoan capital San Sebastián. The AP-8 connects in Éibar with the AP-1 that leads through the Deva valley to the capital of Álava, Vitoria. Through the BI-623 road that crosses the port and the Urkiola natural park, it reaches Vitoria through Villarreal de Álava, the BI-633 connects the entire region of Lea Artibai with Duranguesado and the BI-632 runs through the valley towards Elorrio driving to Mondragón and Beasáin, which will be the future and important 'Durango-Beasain' axis. Other lower category roads structure the communication between the different neighborhoods that make up the municipality. The "Durango-Beasain" It will join the N-634 and the AP-8 highway in the neighborhoods of Guerediaga and Matiena.

The Bilbao-San Sebastián narrow gauge railway line, belonging to the EuskoTren company, has a station in the urban neighborhood of Matiena. The depots and workshops of this line are located in Leberio.

Air, sea and long-distance railway communications are carried out in provincial infrastructures.

History

The news of the founding of the municipality is lost in time. The figure of the antechurch already gives us a glimpse that Abadiano has been inhabited since time immemorial, connecting with the Flat Land of Vizcaya. In its soil, important prehistoric remains have been found in several sites such as those in the caves of Bolinkoba (Solutra site), Oialkoba (Bronze Age), Astakoba and Albiztei, which bear witness to human occupation in prehistoric times.

The history of the municipality is linked to that of the Merindad of Durango, since the parish church of Abadiano had a seat in its meetings, with the number 1, and these met on its land, in the sworn field (or plaza). of the hermitage of San Salvador and San Clemente. Also on its land, Queen Juana I of Castile, called Juana la Loca, ordered the construction of the auditorium house when the Merindad had problems over ownership of the facilities that it had been using with the Villa of Durango and finally The Astola Auditorium house was purchased and rebuilt. In those meetings, Abadiano had the seat and vote number 1. The antechurch was divided into seven brotherhoods.

The first news of the antechurch dates back to 1172 and refers to the Muntsaratz family, owner of the tower that bears their name. These documents deal with the wedding of the Navarrese Infanta Urraca with Mr. de Muntsaratz Pedro Ruiz.

The participation of the lords of the church, on the Ognacino side, in the flag wars marked the Middle Ages with the proliferation of tower-houses and fortresses, some famous, such as Muntsaratz (tower-palace), whose owner, Pedro Ruiz, married the Infanta of Navarra Doña Urraca in 1212, with descendants as illustrious as the first bishop of Mexico, Juan de Zumárraga y de Muntsaratz (around the 16th century). Abadiño was the estate of Íñigo de Abadiño and Perucho de Abadiño, governor of the castle of Isabel la Católica in Madrid.

Within the traditional rural economy in the XVI century, there was a boom in the iron industry with the development of numerous forges such as those of Astola, Leberio (there are still ruins), Murueta or Traña that have been working until the beginning of the 20th century and some of them, already converted into hydroelectric plants, lasted until the middle of it.

In the 19th century it was the scene of multiple Carlist wars. In the hamlet near the hermitage of San Antolín, generals Rafael Maroto and Espartero met on August 26, 1839 for the agreement prior to Vergara's embrace that put an end to the first Carlist war.

In the Second Carlist War, the last battle in Vizcaya was fought on November 15, 1879^{[citation required]} in these lands.

On February 5, 1876, Carlists and Liberals clashed in the so-called Abadiano Action, which was the last important action recorded in Vizcaya when the Third Carlist War was coming to an end. The Carlist battalions of Fulgencio de Carasa, Francisco de Borja Cavero and Álvarez de Toledo and Francisco Sáenz de Ugarte were defeated by the liberal divisions commanded by José María de Loma Argüelles, Zacarías González Goyeneche, Manuel Álvarez Maldonado and Baldomero Villegas. The withdrawal was carried out through Alto de Elgueta in the direction of Zumárraga.

During the civil war the front was stopped during the winter of 1936 in the mountains of Urkiola where bloody battles took place such as those that occurred in Saibigain.

In the mid-60s of the XX century they began to settle in the area around the Traña neighborhood. Matiena factories and workshops from the Guipuzcoan city of Éibar that escaped from the narrow valley of the Ego River to establish themselves in the widest lands of Duranguesado. Thus in 1965 "Inyectametal" industry dedicated to the construction of pieces, by injection of light metals such as aluminum or zamak. Others such as Carbureibar or the GAC would soon follow, completing a broad industrial fabric that would support the urban growth of that neighborhood, turning it into the main nucleus of the municipality. The growth of Matiena and its development as well as the origin of the new inhabitants who settled They create their own idiosyncrasy that contrasts with the Celayeta neighborhood, the political and religious capital of the municipality, which maintains its rural character. In the 70s of that same century, a new residential settlement was developed around the Muntsaratz tower, promoted by the town hall at the beginning of the century XXI and tends its urban unification with the center of Celayeta.

The rural schools of the Provincial Council

At the beginning of the century XX the Provincial Council of Vizcaya carried out a series of interventions in the educational area of the municipality of Abadiano. Already in 1890, a project was carried out to install a school farm on land in the Matiena neighborhood with the intention of improving agriculture and livestock in the region and the entire territory of Vizcaya. This farm-school began operating in 1901 and remained active until 1923, when they decided to abandon the project and dedicate the facilities to commercial agricultural exploitation. In 1921, the project suffered a serious condition that was the final cause of its closure. An epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease ruins the livestock and the economic situation prevents its replacement, which leads the deputation to abandon the educational project.

About the first decade of the XX century the Provincial Council of Vizcaya launched an ambitious educational project. It was on November 19, 1919 when the so-called " Gallano Motion" whose objective is the construction of a network of schools to facilitate the schooling of children in the rural areas of Vizcaya. The increasing educational-cultural difference between children and young people in rural and urban environments caught the attention of regional officials and highlighted the educational deficiency suffered by rural areas, which led many of their inhabitants to illiteracy. In 1920, a plan was presented to build 119 neighborhood schools throughout the territory of Vizcaya between the years 1920 and 1930. The project contemplated that the municipalities interested in the construction of a school in their municipality would take charge of the land and the building, whose technical project was carried out by the deputation itself, and it also provided the teachers and school supplies.

In the municipality of Abadiano, two schools of this type were built, one in the Mendiola neighborhood and the other in Traña-Matiena, then also a rural environment. The project was supported by the then mayor of Abadiano Federico Santocuarto. The Mendiola school, which was assigned number 47, began its journey in the 1923-1924 school year with its teachers being Julene Azpeitia Gómez and Feliciana Astorkia.

The Matiena school was assigned number 79 and the 1926-1927 school year was inaugurated. This school was located next to the hermitage of San Prudencio and served a population of 179 inhabitants.

After the civil war, neighborhood schools were integrated into the national educational system and became "National Schools" depending on the Ministry of Education of Spain.

The Mendiola school closed in 1988 after enrollment had dropped significantly, while the Matiena school, after the growth of the neighborhood due to the installation of different industries in it, was expanded with new buildings, becoming a center wide school. At the beginning of the 21st century, with the educational reform, it was expanded again and an Education Institute was installed in part of it. Compulsory Secondary.

After the closure, the Mendiola school building became the headquarters of the neighborhood's neighborhood association, called “Mendiolako Errekatxo Auzo Elkartea”. The one in Matiena began to house the daycare center and later, already segregated from the school complex, it was located there in 2003 as the home of the neighborhood's retiree.

Economy

The economy of the municipality, closely related to that of the region and even outside it, is eminently industrial with an important primary sector. In an analysis by sectors we have the following:

• Primary sector the rural districts of Abadiño base their economy on agriculture, livestock and forestry, although it is already widespread to combine agrarian work with the industrial one, and in the eminent "agroturismo". Of the 2,845 hectares of land area we have 45 ha (1.5%), grasslands and grasslands 1,094 ha (58.4%), forest 662 ha (38.5%). Mining activity has already disappeared from the municipality.

• sector gives work to more than 60% of the active population. Highlights the metallurgical industry, especially the auxiliary industry of the car and the tool industry. The chemical industry also has significant presence.

• services sector It gives work to 37% of the active population, but its influence in the municipality is rather low due to the proximity of the head of the region that is Durango and the capital of the province Bilbao that cover most services.

Administration

Municipal elections

Evolution of outstanding debt

The concept of outstanding debt contemplates only debts with savings banks and banks related to financial credits, fixed income securities and loans or credits transferred to third parties, therefore excluding commercial debt.

Graphic of evolution of the city council's living debt between 2008 and 2014

Living city council debt in thousands of Euros according to data from the Ministry of Finance and Ad. Public.

The municipal outstanding debt per inhabitant in 2014 amounted to €418.71.

Parties

Several important festivals are celebrated in Abadiano. The patron saint's day is in honor of Saint Trokaz (Saint Torquatus the Martyr) on May 15. The San Blas Fair, February 3, is one of the most important agricultural and livestock fairs in the Basque Country. Then there are many other festivals, each neighborhood has its own and each hermitage too. During all the festivals, the txopo is raised, a large pine that is chosen the days before from among the plantations in the municipality. It is moved to the place of the party and its elevation marks the beginning of it. At the end it is thrown away. The holidays are:

• San Trokaz (San Torcuato Mártir) on May 15. Patron Festival of the municipality. The festive events are held in the neighborhood of Zelaieta, among them the alardes of dances. A pet is usually used for parties Gerbas.

• San BlasFebruary 3rd. One of the most important agricultural and cattle fairs in the Basque Country. It includes exhibition and sale of all kinds of articles related to the work of the field and cattle ranching. It is complemented by a comprehensive rural sport programme highlighting stone trawling tests with oxen, in Basque called idiprobak.

• San PrudencioApril 28th. It's the Matiena neighborhood parties, they open the summer holiday season. They are very popular and attract many people.

• San Antonio AbadJanuary 17th. One of the Saint Anthonys to which the Shrine of Urkiola is dedicated. He's the boss of the animals. He goes to the sanctuary with the animals to bless them, also the bread that will be given to them to eat later.

• San Antonio de PaduaJune 13th. It is the celebration of San Antonio, the other saint to whom the Sanctuary of Urkiola is dedicated. It has been made romeria and fair since 1777.

• Saint VincentJanuary 22nd. They are celebrated in the neighborhoods of Astola and Gantza.

• San Martín PapaJuly 4th. It is celebrated in Gaztelua.

• San CristobalJuly 10. It is celebrated in Mendiola.

• San SalvadorAugust 6th. It is celebrated in Guerediaga, in the sworn hermitage.

• San AntolínSeptember 2nd. Party is held in the chapel dedicated to the saint.

• AndramariAugust 15th. A party is held at the chapel dedicated to the Virgin.

• Aita Kurutzeko (Father of the Cross), September 14. It is celebrated in the neighborhood of Zelaieta.

• Santa EufemiaSeptember 16, Irazaola party.

• Saint LuciaDecember 13th. Sagasta party.

Monuments

In the municipality of Abadiano there are several notable and relevant monuments, among them the following stand out:

Civil architecture

• Guerediaga Jurassment composed of the countryside, hermitage of San Salvador and San Clemente, the century cruiseXVII and oak (recently renovated), is the heart of the history of the region as it was the place where the Merindad de Durango Boards were held. The hermitage is of baroque origin, of the centuryXVII or XVIII. In front of the hermitage, 18 mojones were located (now there are 11 and some sources point out 24), two by beforeiglesia, to serve as a seat to the representatives of the 14 beforeiglesias that composed the Merindad Boards. In 1834 with Mendizábal's De-mortization, the whole of the hermitage and sworn camp came to the hands of several neighbors of the area who in 1999 gave it to the General Boards of Vizcaya that proceed to its restoration (which has been very questioned), opening the whole in October 2005.

• Muntsaratz Tower whose origin dates back to the centuryIX. His name comes from the noble family that built it. Reformed towards 1590 with a gallery or loggia of Tuscan columns, it is according to some opinions, the most outstanding Renaissance building of the civil architect in Vizcaya. Built in sandstone in careful sillery, it forms a cubic block lightened at its top by a arched gallery on the south and east sides. It has five dedicated plants each to a specific function: the ground floor for the blocks, the second one was intended for kitchen and rooms, the third and fourth are the residential ones with a double height central room with access to the arched gallery. The last floor, also opened in the gallery, had the destination of drying and storage of agricultural products. The construction has defensive rims, which leads to thinking that at some point it changed its constructive approach. Most likely, the lower part is at the end of the 15th century, something prior to the ban on erecting strong towers dictated by the Catholic Kings. As a result of this rule, the tower had to crumble, lightening the walls and opening the gallery, and passed from "strong house" to "house palace". However, the gallery is too advanced for those years and it is believed to be late XVI. It is currently the seat of a public agency.

• House of Astola or Astolazubia, former headquarters of the Merindad de Durango. It was bought by this body in 1576. It remained the seat of the merindad archive until 1784, when it was transferred to the parish of Abadiano, and as a prison until 1843 when it was placed in the Lariz tower of Durango. It is a large square plant landlord and covered three waters made in masonry and sillery. In 1977 it was purchased by the Diputación de Vizcaya and restored, destined it to the headquarters of the association "Gerediaga Elkartea".

Denominated as "house auditorium and prison of Astola" was one of the political and administrative centers of Merindad and in it resided the Lieutenant of Merindad, who presided over the ordinary boards. In 1578 the auditorium and prison were installed in this building as determined by Provisión Real in 1508.

The building, of a quadrangular plant and covered to three waters, consists of three heights. It is made in masonry and was illuminated and painted imitating sillery tiles. The lower part is made in sillery as well as windows and doors and vertices. The ground floor was dedicated to stables while the first floor was the noble one to which it was accessed by a staircase made in sillery that gave access to a simple vain bent, very similar to the door-window that opens to its right; on the left two other windows, fronted, which corresponded to the old kitchens. In the cabin four windows are opened and on them the wooden structure that forms the roof. On the west (front) façade is located the entrance to the squares that is made by a lowered arch and on its side two small openings as saws that provide the necessary ventilation to the enclosure. In the face of the façade opens windows that corresponded to the rooms of the headquarters of the Merindad regiment and to the room of Mr. Lieutenant. The rear façade is a large number of ménsulas, two of them still hold the old structure that served to retrete.

In 1784 a radical reform of the building led by the master of works Tomás de Basterrechea was carried out in which the main facades were rebuilt and which gives to the west giving it the definitive aspect.

• Casa torre de Abadiño or of Barriona, located in the neighborhood of Celayeta the edge of the road between Durango and Elorrio was built in 1591 by Iñigo de Abadiano under the design of Pedro Abendaño of 1443. In the centuryXIX She suffered a fire and was rebuilt by turning her into housing. From a quadrangular plant, two tall plants and roof to four waters maintains an excellent cover in which the legend is read ad lauden et Glorian dei sita fue hic, anno 1591. It is made in sandstone sillery with wood carpentry crowned with a roof of tile, surrounded by a garden. The main facade stands out for its symmetry, in it opens the main access that acts as a symmetry axis, next to it opens up folded windows. On the first floor, on the sides of the symmetry axis, two windows open, the first slender and the second square. On the north façade is attached a construction that devites it, on it the wall is illuminated and, in some sections, in masonry view. Sea opens three window holes and a last gap that seems to be upholstered.

• Urbarrena Palace, built in the 18th century is a building of square-floor sillery and soft facade with Uribarrena's weapons. In an inscription on its facade indicates the date of construction; "On 9 June it is the eve of Corpus-criti 1691 (the last number could be a 4)". On the roof there is a tile that marks the date and authors of one of its arrangements, in it puts "Sebastian de Ysasmendi y Joef de Yturve y Juan Benito de Acarraga 22 July 1837".

• Uribarren Palace It is a rectangular plant building solved in two heights and a ground floor covered with roof to four waters in which on its southeast side two volumes stand out with its two-water decks and intersect with the general deck. is built in sandstone sillery and masonry with auctions in vains and corners in sillery. The main facade, facing southwest, is made entirely in sillery marking a care in its conception and construction. It presents a symmetrical and harmonic approach that has as its central axis the access door on which there is a balcony of forging and on it the coated coat of arms. The floor under deck, separated from the two lower ones by an imposta line, is served, on the side of the main facade, by small oval windows on each side of the central axis. The windows on the ground floor are protected with forging, original wood. In the face of facades, much less cared for, windows of different proportions and sizes are opened chaoticly. The upper floor of the southeast facade presents a revoc with a few moulding lines that have lost the painting. All carpentry stores retain the original wood quartets. In the face of facades, much less cared for, windows of different proportions and sizes are opened chaoticly. The upper floor of the southeast facade presents a revoc with a few moulding lines that have lost the painting.

• Zelatabe Palace or Galíndez Built in 1913 by order of María Zelaieta and Pablo Galíndez is an urban palace with garden and attached facilities. Acquired by the town hall, it has become ludoteca, open the garden to the public and the gardener house has been transformed into gaztetxe.

It is a quadrangular plant building and two tall floors with a three-storey tower on one side that gives it a great urban presence. The facades are made in white glazed with the holes framed in sillery and carpentry of brown or red colors and relevant forging that acts as a compositional element of the facade.

The access is made by a carpanel arch on which a balcony with two doors is located. At the right of the entrance, a square window opens and on it a swollen outlet on which the tower is located, which, on its first floor, is located a balcony and below it a half-point arch access. The towers and crown with three ojival arches on the third floor. The main facade, which opens to the garden, is symmetrical on the axis of the entrance and is elevated on the general tear of the garden accessing by a staircase and ramp. It is made up to the first floor in sandstone sillery. The first floor has a large carpanel arch in the center and a large window hole on both sides of square proportions and with a forge on the front, while in the second, it turns the white glow with sillery auctions in the holes.

The gardener's house, located in the garden in front of the main building, is a building of rectangular and two heights and undercover with roof to two waters and walls of masonry are revoked and illuminated white with sillery auctions in the vains, corners and an imposta line separating the ground floor from the top. In the main facade, facing east, stands out the access formed by a slender peralted arch that breaks into the first floor, invading the window that is located on it, pretending to support itself in the imposta line. In the north and south façade are opened by the simmetric composition of the roof. There is direct access to the first floor through a skate located on the west facade.

• Ibaigoiti Palace It is a palatial building with a square floor and three heights with a four-water roof with a large alero, surrounded by a garden. Its facades are made in stone and a metal structure has been added in the south. Made in light colour, the main one stands out in its lower part that darkens. It presents carpentry details, auctions and ornaments in dark green. Highlights the third porticated plant and the corners that are padded with a pad.

• Palace of Traña-Jauregi is a baroque house of a rural type. The building has a square floor organized on the ground floor, first floor and attic, covered in four waters. The roof forms an alero in which some richly carved earrings stand out. Made in masonry covered with argamasa and auctions in sandstone sillery in vains, corners and impostas as well as in the main access part of the ground floor. In the main façade, the access is made by four scarlet arches settled on solid pilasters, after which a large zaguán is opened. On these arches, on the first floor, there are two large half-point arches that monopolize the interest of this facade, among them the coat of arms of the Trañajauregi family and on its sides, stained windows. After the arches, a large window. On the large arches are opened eight windows of service to the loft, whose mat is made in red brick. The left facade of the palace opens a fairly large access with an ojival arch. On the side facades there are balconies at a façade.

There is an extensive census of interesting emblazoned hamlets and houses, such as the emblazoned Murueta hamlet, that of Iturriaga, from the 17th century; the Landa farmhouse, with an outstanding wood and brick façade; Gaztelu-iturri, Iturriaga etxeberria, Ezterripa, Arbaita-txatena... and buildings intended for economic activity such as the Lebario hórreo, a curious construction made of oak wood, the Larringan windmill, one of the five that are preserved in Vizcaya dating back to 1723, lime kilns such as Guerediaga or Atxarte and the remains of several forges, such as the Ezterripa forge, which is part of the Arrierreka stream basin, significant for the historical presence of pre-industrial and industrial elements used by the hydraulic energy, and dams that served them, or the Lebario forge, a major forge that maintained its activity since the 16th century until 1923.

Religious architecture

• Sanctuary of the Saints Antonios The sanctuary is located right on the dividing line of the Mediterranean and cantabrian sides, so that the water that falls on one side of its roof will stop the Mediterranean and the one that falls on the other side goes to the Cantabrian.

The disproportion between the enormous construction of the unfinished ships and the small bell tower of the previous temple draws attention to the visitors. A large staircase serves as access to the church, whose entrance is flanked by the unfinished walls of what would be the towers and the porch.

The central nave, in the part that has not been occupied for worship, forms a garden in which the small neoclassical-style bell tower stands. Among the different plants that adorn the same has been erected a small monument that commemorates the life of Vizcaya. This monument is composed of a laya (reminiscent of agriculture), a stone turbine (industry) and an anchor (in the world of the sea).

Going up to the left, right at the entrance of the sanctuary, a rare stone, which some claim to be a meteorite, invites that person who wants to find a couple to surround it several times, since it is thus believed by these lands (we need to be careful with the sense of rotation, since, according to some, if the turns are given the opposite effect).

The lateral ships are now corridors that give access to the temple. The central nave has been closed with a large wall to form the space dedicated to liturgical use.

The building was designed in neomedieval style and with orientation to use. When the work was unfinished, the position of the altar was changed to the contrary, leaning on the large wall that closes the ship. The squared rectangular header has given rise to the choir, and on its sides the sacristy and a chapel dedicated to the Most Holy One are opened.

In the last decades of the 20th century different reforms were made to finish the inconclusive work. These works, both on the outside and on the inside, were promoted by the group of ex-missionaries belonging to the Basque Diocesan Missions, who took over the sanctuary from May 1970. On the outside, the large access staircase was built and the remate of the wall that closes the main nave was sweetened. Inside the walls have been adorned with mosaics that make the altar back. For the main altar a large mosaic has been built covering the wall that closes the nave and on which a window with window has been opened on which the figures of the saints Antonios Abad and Padua are located. The chapel of the Most Holy has been covered with another mosaic and a cross road has been made on the floor of the nave, to which one more station has been added, that of the resolution. These mosaics and the crossroads were made in the workshop of the sanctuary itself.

• Church of San Torcuato Mártir Late Gothic of the CenturyXV (the bell tower is 18th). It contains three rocky altarpieces and two baroque naturist altars as well as another neoclassical inside the sacristy. A Virgin, dateable canvas in the centuryXVII, is attributed to José Antolínez. Next it has the relevant neoclassical cemetery of the architect Rafael de Zabala, work of 1854.

• Cemetery, built in 1854 under the project of elorriotarra Rafael de Zabala and execution of the durangués José de Astarbe is one of the most relevant neoclassical cemeteries of Vizcaya. It consists of a portico as a Roman court that frames a square courtyard of 10 meters of side. In the porch the graves, all the same, and outside, in the central garden, there are pantheons (originally this possibility was not contemplated) among those that stand out the one of the Celayeta-Galindez family with a central sculpture where the figure of Christ is observed by welcoming in his lap two inert bodies in a clear symbolic allusion, and that of the Blessed Virgin family holds the expression of the afflicted body.

The roof rests on Tuscan columns that support stone entablaments in which legends concerning death have been written. The enclosure is made in sillery and on the main entrance, which has been endowed with a fronton, there is a maximum regarding the certainty of death, legends that are located on other sides of the wall and on the frontons of the sides of the central garden. The set is completed with the funeral chapel, retracted from the gallery, and the access inserted into the wall. The concept of equality is reflected in the equality of graves and in which no preferential space is reserved for burials, the garden pantheons were subsequently made. The whole group breathes an advanced neoclassical style air that can be considered, due to its maturity, already romantic. After the reform carried out at the end of 2010 the tombs of the portico have been eliminated, making the tombs disappear and leaving a false ground of removable stone and making a plaster roof that hides the original of tejavana.

Registration

• On the gateway: "Pater noster"and round it up."There's no science of power or deed that from the edge of the guadaña, to speak to anyone can resign yourself and to God prays. "
• Right side of the access door: "For my brothers and yours I asked and you don't remember me. "
• Left side of the access door: "Here you come to stop. Alives choose place. "
• North side: "All vanity here crashes and worms roar her friends. "
• West Side: "Anguish is life in your eugaz career here I begin peace. "
• South side: "O eternity without measure! Your duration will enjoy. Your time will suffer. "
• East Side: "Temple of truth is the one you look at do not ignore the voice that warns you that everything is illusion less death. "

• Hermitage

Next to the main religious buildings there are a good number of hermitages that dot the entire municipal territory. Some of them were destined to be the temples of small rural neighborhoods, such as that of San Cristóbal in Mendiola or that of Santa Lucía in Sagasta. Others mark and complete places of worship such as that of Santa Poland and Santo Cristo in Urkiola and others located in complicated and difficult steps of the old road that linked this part of the Biscay Lordship with the plateau, such as the hermitage of Santo Cristo de Atxarte located in front of the mouth of a cave.

Some of these hermitages have interesting late medieval necropolises associated with them, such as that of San Martín in Gaztelua, Santa Eufemia de Irázola or San Vicente in Muntsaratz. In the latter, funerary stele have been found dating between the IX and XI, currently found in the nearby hermitage of Santa María, with inscriptions that have given rise to a hypothesis, published by J. A. Basanta and A. Tovar, in which it would be a of the first reproductions written in Basque of the word of "God" made about XI or XII century .

In the Zelaieta neighborhood, the former head of the municipality, two humiliations are located at its two entrances. The closest to Elorrio is "aita kuritzekoa" (father of the cross) who receives the calvary that runs through the entire neighborhood, both elements are in the baroque style. According to the inscription on its façade, it was built in 1666. Right at the entrance to the small temple there is a sarcophagus. The other humiliation is the one found at the entrance to the neighborhood from Matiena, this is the hermitage of the Guardian Angel, a small and simple construction that consists of an altar closed in front of a large portico.

Natural heritage

• Urkiolaimportant for its meaning and location, linked to the first Christian sites. Next to the sanctuary there are several hermitages and a calvary that make up the religious area of the same. Its location in the center of the natural park makes it a starting point for numerous excursions and that there are several exhibitions of various trades already lost, such as coalers or snow wells. The Urkiola environment is one of the most mythical of the Basque Country. In it has the main abode the mother goddess of the Basque Olympus, Mari. Within the park, as a landscape and ethnographic element, the series of seles that exist, although at present they have lost the original use of grazing, the seles of e Muskulusa, Erdikokortabaso or Lekuarrigana are still relevant. In the park there are different routes and highlights.

• Gaztelua has a special landscape interest. The area is formed, almost entirely, by agricultural land. It is a landscape dominated by the bottom of the rocks of the Anboto and formed by fields of little inclination sprinkled with farms and formed according to the agrarian exploitation and cattle ranching of them. This makes it of great landscape value and a strong scenic influence over the valley, admired from the road of access and communication of the valley that reflect to the identity and reference image of the rural landscapes of the municipality.

The farmhouses, with great architectural presence, such as those of Arestigane, Gaztelugoitia, Iturriagagoitia, Gazteluiturri or Burgietatzekoa among others, form an environment in which the hermitage of San Martín Papa and the archeological area around it stand out for its historical and cultural value, where important remains related to the Lower Middle Ages have been found.

• Andokoa-Sarria The area of special landscape interest of Andokoa-Sarria, located north of the municipality in the district of Gueregiaga, between the BI-3341 road and the Garai creek that forms its vertebrate axis until it flows into the Zaldu river, provides important landscape values and a strong scenic influence over the Zaldu valley. For being in a very busy environment by the main channels of communication between Vizcaya and Guipúzcoa, as well as communications with the region of Lea Artibai and Elorreo, is exposed to a great fragility. The landscape, made up of the usual use of agricultural farms, has been altered by the road infrastructures and the purely residential single-family buildings. It presents important historical elements such as the Gerediaga Jurassment and also pre-industrial elements, followed by those exploited throughout the Garai River, such as the Ferrery and hydraulic complex of Ezterripa.

• Ibaizabal River Valley Fund The river Ibaizabal is born from the confluence in Abadiño of the Zaldu rivers, from Berriz and Zaldivar and the Atsarte or Astola that arrives from Zelaieta and has as its main contribution the river Zumelegui. These two rivers form the main axes of all urban areas of the municipality. They are configured in a basin of alluvial lands of valley with Atlantic countryside and mountainous terrain that flows into a plain area that promotes the meanders and the stagnation. The associated coastal forest as well as the meadows, fields and orchards that occur in the environment present important natural values. Together with them the hydraulic exploitation that has been given in them, with important mills and hardware establishments, as well as the houses or notable buildings such as the Muntsaratz tower, presents cultural values that enrich the scene.

The industrial and urban settlement that has occurred on the banks of the same, as well as the plantations of tree species for forest exploitation generate the fragmentation of the whole and its degradation. In the interurban stretches the vegetation of the river is well preserved and the area has interesting natural values.

• Tour of cultural interest In the municipal territory of Abadiano there are different routes of cultural interest. These are:

Gran Ruta 38 del Vino y el Pescado. that unites the Castilian plateau through Álava, with the vizcaine coast. It was one of the main itineraries of the exchange of goods, came to the coast, fish to the interior, but for it other products were also transported: wheat, vizcaino iron and Castilian wool fundamentally.

Great Route 229 Mikeldi. The Mikeldi route is a trekking route that surrounds the region of the hardened by passing through the main population centers and rural enclaves. In Abadiano enters the Urkiola Park through the rural district of Sagasta and the hermitage of Saint Lucia to go down to Mendiola and follow through the village of Atxarte to address the village Gatzagietaetxebarria and Gatzagieta and from there to Mañaria.

Calzada de Mendiola that unite the neighborhoods of Mendiola and Larringar with the urban center of Zelaieta. Related to the road of the Camino Real that came from Urkiola passed through Atxarte, was made in 1855 on the layout of another previous one.

Route of the Merino. The route of the Merino is aimed at knowing the region of the duranguesado from a historical point of view. In it there are eight designated and documented places that give an idea of the history and cultural and political singularity of the region. In Abadiano there are three of those eight points, the Gerendiaga Jurassment, the Astola Auditorium House and the Muntsaratz Tower.

Famous people