4th century BC c.

The Italian Peninsula in the fourth century BC.

The 4th century B.C. C. or century IV a. and. c. (4th century BC) began in 400 B.C. C. and ended in 301 a. C., is also called the "Century of Alexander the Great".

This century is considered a period of crisis.

Almost the entire known ancient world was affected, mainly, by the development of war and political conflicts, highlighting two facts in particular due to their importance: The Spartan, Theban and Macedonian hegemonies stand out, the fall of the Achaemenid Persians, the Maurya Dynasty in India is also important.

Events

Wars and Politics

• 404-371 B.C.: Esparta hegemony.
• 371-362 BC: Thebes hegemony.
• Macedonia conquers Greece and the Aqueménide Empire, in the successive reigns of Philippi (359-336 BC) and Alexander the Great (336-323 BC).
• 331 BC: Alexander the Great founded Alexandria in Egypt.

Roman Republic

• Samnite wars (343-291 BC).

Iberian Peninsula

• 400-350 B.C.: On the Iberian peninsula, the ethnic groups that would later meet the Romans were set up.
• 400-200 B.C.: Fortified enclosures are built in Bética (Turris Hannibalis).
• The Iberian people of the Bastetanos founded the city of Basti, today Baza, in Granada, Spain.
• There are news of the Iberian or late population called Mastia, later recast by Asdrúbal as current Qart Hadasht Cartagena.

Egypt

• 398-378 a. C.: Dynasty XXIX.
• 378-341 BC: Dynasty XXX.
• 341-332 BC: Dynasty XXXI.

Asian

• In India, the mauries rise.
• In northern India, the religious Baudhaiana writes Baudhaiana-sulba-sutraa Sanskrit text about the construction of altars. It contains the oldest reference about the theorem of Pythagoras, which was probably known (although not written) by the ancient Babylonians between 1800 and 1600 a. C.
• Greater political, cultural and economic development of the Scite peoples.

Culture

• Fixing the Babylonian calendar.
• In Mesoamerica the Zapotec writing is developed.
• Etruscan de Volterra.
• In ancient Greece, the sculptors Escopas, Praxíteles and Lisipo develop their work, as well as the painter Apeles.
• Greek Philosophy: Death of Socrates in 399 B.C. Plato founded the Academy (380 BC). Demosthees pronounces his Philypics against Philippi II of Macedonia (351-340 BC). Aristotle founded the Liceo (336 BC).

Relevant people

Alexander the Great.

• Alexander the Great (356-323 BC): King of Macedonia and conqueror of the Persian Empire.
• Antigone I Monophthalmos (382-301 BC): General Filipo II and Alexander the Great.
• Appeals (352-308 BC): Greek painter.
• Aristotle (384-322 BC): Greek philosopher.
• Corner of Macedonia (350-295 BC): King of Macedonia.
• Chandragupta Maurya (340 BC): founder of the Maurya dynasty.
• Darius III (380-330 BC): the last king of the Persian Empire and of the Aquemenide dynasty.
• Demetrius I of Macedonia (337-283 BC): King of Macedonia.
• Demosthees (384-322 BC): Athenian speaker and politician.
• Diogenes of Sinope (412-323 BC): Greek philosopher.
• Epaminondas (418-362 BC): General and political of Thebes.
• Euclides (325-265 BC): Greek mathematician and geometry.
• Philippi II of Macedonia (382-336 BC): King of Macedonia and father of Alexander the Great.
• Lisipo (370-318 BC): Greek sculptor.
• Olympia of Epiro (375-315 BC): wife of Philip II of Macedonia and mother of Alexander the Great.
• Plato (428/427-347 BC): Greek philosopher.
• Ptolomeo I Soter (367-283 BC): Egyptian pharaoh and founder of Ptolemaica dynasty.
• Seleuco I Nicátor (358-280 BC): founder of the Seleucid Empire and the Seleucid Dynasty.