23 of February

February 23 is the 54th (fifty-fourth) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 311 days to the end of the year and 312 in leap years.

Events

• 4 BC: In China there is a comet (“a star like a bush”).
• 303: The Roman emperor Diocletian ordered the destruction of the new Christian church of Nicomedia, beginning the eight years of the persecution of Diocletian, the day that the Feasts were celebrated.
• 532: The Byzantine Emperor Justinian I orders the construction of a new basilica, the church of Saint Sofia in Constantinople, called in Greek Hagia Sophia. For centuries it was the largest church of Christianity until the conquest of Constantinople by the Ottoman Turks in 1453.
• 1455: Johannes Gutenberg prints the first Bible in a press.
• 1475: In Valencia the book appears Comprehensorium, the second work published in Spain following the techniques of Gutenberg.
• 1660: In Sweden, Charles XI is proclaimed king.
• 1739: In the prison of the castle of York, the bandit Dick Turpin, who had been using the name of Richard Palmer, is identified because a letter to his brother-in-law fell into the hands of the authorities.
• 1765: In England, the chemical and physicist Henry Cavendish discovers the hydrogen, which he calls "flammable air" and thus determines the composition of the atmosphere.
• 1775: in Paris it is serene The Barbero de SevillaPierre-Augustin de Beaumarchais.
• 1813: In the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata the use of the scarapela began to be generalized, which had been officially created on 18 of that same month at the request of Manuel Belgrano.
• 1820: in Argentina, Francisco Ramírez, Estanislao López and Manuel de Sarratea sign the Treaty of Pilar
• 1822: in the city of Santiago de Chile is executed the leader of the realistic guerrillas, Vicente Benavides.
• 1836: in San Antonio (Texas) begins the Battle of the Alamo.
• 1847: During the U.S. Intervention in Mexico, in the Battle of Buena Vista, U.S. troops under the future president of General Zachary Taylor defeat Mexican General Antonio López de Santa Anna.
• 1854: the Bloemfontein Treaty is signed, which approves the independence of the South African state of Orange.
• 1863: the marriage between Don Alvaro Dávila and Pérez de Grandallana, Marquis de Villamarta-Dávila, de Mirabal and Conde de Villafuente Bermeja with Doña Francisca de Caracciolo de Ágreda y Balleras, del Señorío Divisero del Solar de Tejada is celebrated in the church of San Lucas de Jerez de la Frontera.
• 1883: Alabama becomes the first state in the USA. U.S. enacting an antitrust law.
• 1885: In the but-French War, the French army gains an important victory in the battle battle battle of Đıng Đăng in the Tonkin region in Vietnam.
• 1886: Charles Martin Hall develops a system to obtain aluminum, a metal that until then was considered semi-precious, since the insulation of its components was unknown.
• 1887: Between Cannes and the Italian city of La Spezia there is an earthquake that causes serious material damage and numerous victims.
• 1893: Rudolf Diesel receives the diesel engine patent.
• 1895: In Cuba the Cuban Independence War began with the “Grito de Baire”.
• 1901: In the Argentine province of Chubut is founded the village Comodoro Rivadavia.
• 1901: British steam sink City of the Rio de Janeiro, sinister in which 130 people die.
• 1903: In Cuba, the United States gains control of Guantánamo Bay "in perpetuity".
• 1904: In Panama, the United States gains control of the Panama Canal for $10 million.
• 1904: Japan and Korea sign an alliance treaty by which Korea becomes the protectorate of the Nippon Empire.
• 1905: Attorney Paul Harris puts the foundations of the Rotary International Club.
• 1912: the war between Italy and Turkey begins, with the bombing of Beirut by the Italian forces.
• 1912: In Switzerland the works of the Jungfrau Tunnel (at 3457 m high).
• 1913: in Santander, Spain, the Real Racing Club of Santander is founded.
• 1914: The Council of Konigsberg agrees that the remains of the philosopher Immanuel Kant are buried in a mausoleum of the cathedral of this city.
• 1914: In Montecarlo the opera is premiered CleopatraJules Massenet.
• 1915: In the framework of World War I, British troops occupy German South-West Africa.
• 1918: The Red Army was founded in the USSR.
• 1918: In Venezuela, the Caroreño Rafael Perera Zubillaga, creates in the city of Carora the mixed market chain of pharmacies and store of conveniences, Farmatodo, then known with the name of Droguería Lara, as "a family caroreña company". Months later he would move for the first time to Barquisimeto, and years later he would move for the second time to the Venezuelan capital, Caracas.
• 1919: In Italy, Benito Mussolini founded the National Fascist Party.
• 1920: in England, the first radio broadcast occurs: a concert broadcast from Chelmsford.
• 1923: The German parliament approves a decree-law against speculators.
• 1925: in Argentina, Alfonsina Storni publica Ocre.
• 1926: the crown of Empress Catherine II of Russia, set for sale by the Soviet Government, is acquired by French jewelers.
• 1928: the reform of the Spanish Criminal Code aggravates the penalties for fraud offences and specifies those of timo and blackmail.
• 1928: In Mexico there is a large student demonstration against US intervention. in Nicaragua.
• 1930: The graphic transcription of sound waves, put to the point by the French Lauste, Laudet and the American Lee De Forest, is a new progress in the spoken cinema.
• 1934: in Belgium, Leopoldo III became king of the Belgians.
• 1937: The Kuomintang rejects, at his congress in Nanking, any collaboration with the Communists.
• 1938: U.S. Boxer Joe Louis proclaims himself a world champion of heavyweights in New York, defeating Nathan Mann for nocaut in the third round.
• 1944: In the Atoll Enewetak (Marshall Islands), in the framework of the Pacific campaign (in the Second World War), the Eniwetok battle between the United States and Japan ends (since 17 February).
• 1945: in the battle of Iwo Jima, Joe Rosenthal takes the photograph of the American flag's uprising.
• 1946: in Bombay, India, an anti-British demonstration brings together 300 000 strikers.
• 1947: Werner Heisenberg states that the Soviet Union, at the end of the war, has hired German nuclear physicists.
• 1947: International Organization for Standardization
• 1948: An explosion in the Jewish quarter of Jerusalem causes 49 dead and 100 wounded.
• 1950: In the UK, the Labour Party wins the general elections.
• 1952: the NATO Council approves a plan to rearm more than $300 billion.
• 1958: In Cuba, the rebels led by Fidel Castro kidnapped the Argentine motorist Juan Manuel Fangio, five times world champion. He'll be released 28 hours later.
• 1958: in Argentina, the politician Arturo Frondizi is elected president. He won the elections thanks to the support of Peronism, which was proscribed by the dictatorship of Aramburu (self-called Freedom Revolution).
• 1959: the first meeting of the European Court of Human Rights takes place.
• 1959: in Spain, Landelino Lavilla obtains the number one in the oppositions to lawyers of the Council of State.
• 1962: delegates from 12 European countries approve, in Paris, the creation of the European Organization for Space Research (ESRO).
• 1966: In Syria, the member of the Arab Socialist Baath Party Salah Jadid leads a coup of stadi within the party that replaces the previous government of General Amin al-Hafiz, also a Baathist.
• 1970: The British general governor proclaims in Georgetown the birth of the Republic of Guyana, with Sir Edward Luckhoo as president.
• 1974: More than 10 000 police officers who arrest the civil authorities for "infilled Marxists" are replaced in the Argentine province of Córdoba.
• 1975: The Holy See draws attention to Hans Küng, professor of theology at Tubinga University, for his controversial thesis.
• 1980: Ayatollah Ruhollah Jomeini states that the Iranian parliament will decide the fate of the hostages of the American embassy.
• 1981: In Spain, Lieutenant Colonel Antonio Tejero made a failed attempted coup d'etat (known as 23-F).
• 1982: In northern Syria there are hard clashes between the Organization of Muslim Brotherhood and the government forces of President Hafez al-Asad.
• 1982: In Denmark, 52% of the population supports in the referendum the departure of their country from the EEC.
• 1983: in Spain Minister Miguel Boyer expropriated José María Ruiz-Mateos.
• 1984: in San Sebastián, Spain, the Anti-capitalist Autonomous Commands murder the Socialist Senator and the Basque Parliament Enrique Casas.
• 1985: the terrorist group ETA releases the industrialist Angel Urteaga, after payment of a ransom of 150 million pesetas, after 38 days of kidnapping.
• 1987: at the Las Campanas Observatory (in Chile), Ian Shelton and Oscar Duhalde discover the supernova SN 1987A.
• 1988: In Israel, Chaim Herzog is elected president.
• 1988: in Madrid, the 21st Congress of the PCE elects Julio Anguita as new general secretary, replacing Gerardo Iglesias.
• 1989: in Aragon, the PP and the PAR sign the covenant of formation of a coalition government in the Aragon Autonomous Community.
• 1989: in Algeria, a constitutional reform that will end the single party is approved through a referendum.
• 1989: in Japan many funerals are produced by the recently deceased Emperor Hirohito.
• 1990: The Supreme Soviet of the Baltic Republic of Estonia adopts multi-partyism.
• 1990: at the Gregorio Marañón hospital in Madrid, the American cardiologist Charles E. Mullins corrects for the first time in Europe, and without surgery, a congenital heart malformation to a 4-year-old girl.
• 1991: In Thailand, General Sunthorn Kongsompong leads a bloody coup destituting Prime Minister Chatichai Choonhavan.
• 1993: OAS countries sign the Cartagena Declaration of Indias, which calls for educating peoples for democracy.
• 1994: The Russian Duma granted amnesty to Valentin Pavlov and to all those seized in the coup d’etat of August 1991, which removed Mikhail Gorbachev from power.
• 1998: Netscape Communications Corporation announces the creation of mozilla.org to coordinate the development of Mozilla's open source web browser.
• 1998: The Florida peninsula (United States) lives the worst temporary in its history.
• 1998: Amsterdam City Council opens the first three European "narco-salas" centres where homeless drug addicts can come.
• 1999: Kurdish rebel leader Abdullah Öcalan is charged with treason in Ankara, Turkey.
• 1999: a snow alud burys 50 people in the Austrian Alps, of which 38 are killed.
• 1999: Chicano guitarist Carlos Santana gets eight Grammy awards, matching the record Michael Jackson had in 1983.
• 2002: Spanish Johann Mühlegg achieves its third Olympic gold after imposing itself in the 50 km of classic background.
• 2002: Íngrid Betancourt is kidnapped by the FARC (Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia) during a rally (will remain kidnapped for 2323 days).
• 2003: The British Film Academy awards two BAFTA Awards (better original script and best non-English-speaking film) to Pedro Almodóvar for Talk to her..
• 2004: Colombian writer Laura Restrepo wins Novela's Alfaguara Award with her novel Delirium.
• 2004: An explosion causes six deaths at the Indian Space Research Centre in Sriharikota.
• 2005: a team of scientists from the University of Cardiff discovers a galaxy formed by dark matter, located 50 million light years.
• 2005: In Spain, the Ministry of Health approves the first four research projects on stem cells.
• 2005: for the first time, the effects predicted by the Albert Einstein relativity theory for the proximity of black holes are confirmed.
• 2006: a roof collapses on a Moscow market, killing at least 40 people and wounding 31 others.
• 2006: the Faddoul brothers, three young Venezuelans children of a Lebanese businessman, are kidnapped in Caracas along with their driver Miguel Rivas. The bodies of the four were subsequently found on April 4th with shotguns in the head and abandoned in a wooded area of San Francisco de Yare. The murder of the brothers caused outrage at the national level and a wave of protests in Caracas against the insecurity in Venezuela.
• 2006: In Cleveland, United States, a Louwana Miller cardiac arrest died, one year after the psychic Sylvia Browne told him on a TV show (in November 2004) that he no longer looked for his daughter, who was already dead. Amanda Berry (n. 22 April 1986) was abducted from 21 April 2003 and managed to escape from her captivity on 6 May 2013 (at 27 years).
• 2006: in Kent an armed band perpetrates the greatest theft in the history of the United Kingdom, after taking over 73 million euros from a security company.
• 2006: Spain goes for sale Harry Potter and the Mystery of Prince (sixth book of the saga).
• 2006: In Shanghai, Inditex (the Spanish multinational headed by Amancio Ortega) landed in China with the inauguration of a Zara store.
• 2009: Penélope Cruz becomes the first Spanish actress to get an Oscar prize.
• 2011: In Libya there are massive uprisings of cities against the Gaddafi government, the uprisings take place in Misurata, Zawiya, Nalut, Zintan, Gharyan, Yafren, Surman, Zuwara, Subrata, Jadu and Kikla.
• 2012: in Spain the plenary of the General Council of the Judiciary, ratified, with the support of 20 of its 21 members, the expulsion of the judicial career of judge Baltasar Garzón.

Births

• 1417: Paulo II, Italian pope (f. 1471).
• 1443: Matías Corvino, king of Hungary and Croatia (f. 1490).
• 1633: Samuel Pepys, MP and British Chronist (f. 1703).
• 1646: Tokugawa Tsunayoshi, Japanese shogun (f. 1709).
• 1648: Arabella Churchill, English woman, lover of King James II and mother of his four sons (f. 1730).
• 1680: Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville, French explorer and governor of Louisiana (f. 1767).
• 1685: Georg Friedrich Händel, British composer of German origin (f. 1759).
• 1689: Samuel Bellamy, British pirate (f. 1717).
• 1723: Richard Price, British philosopher (f. 1791).
• 1744: Mayer Amschel Rothschild, German banker (f. 1812).
• 1792: José Joaquín de Herrera, Mexican military and political (f. 1854).
• 1807: Florencio Varela, politician and Argentine journalist (f. 1848).
• 1828: Jesús María Benítez and Pinillos, Mexican politician (f. 1899).
• 1837: Rosalía de Castro, writer and Spanish poet (f. 1885)
• 1840: Carl Menger, Austrian economist (f. 1921).
• 1842: Eduard von Hartmann, a German philosopher (f. 1906).
• 1846: Luigi Denza, Italian composer (f. 1922).
• 1850: César Ritz, Swiss hosteler (f. 1918).
• 1851: Antoni Pellicer, writer and Spanish anarchist (f. 1916).
• 1866: Antonio de Orleans and Borbon, aristocrat Spaniard (f. 1930).
• 1866: José Joaquín Casas Castañeda, a Colombian politician (f. 1950).
• 1868: William Edward Burghardt Du Bois, activist, writer, historian and U.S. sociologist (f. 1963).
• 1871: George Thomas Moore, American botanist (f. 1956).
• 1874: Konstantin Päts, Estonian President (f. 1956).
• 1878: Kazimir Malevich, Ukrainian painter (f. 1935).
• 1882: Titus Brandsma, a Dutch philosopher (f. 1942).
• 1882: B. Traven, German actor and novelist (f. 1969).
• 1883: Karl Jaspers, a German psychiatrist and philosopher (f. 1969).
• 1883: Guy C. Wiggins, an American impressionist painter (f. 1962).
• 1889: Victor Fleming, American filmmaker (f. 1949).
• 1889: Musidora, theatre director and French actress (f. 1957).
• 1898: Enrique Lafuente Ferrari, Spanish art historian (f. 1985).
• 1899: Erich Kästner, German writer (f. 1974).
• 1899: Norman Taurog, American filmmaker (f. 1981).
• 1901: La Bella Dorita, singer and dancer of Spanish cabaret (f. 2001).
• 1901: Edgar Ende, German painter (f. 1965).
• 1904: Terence Fisher, British filmmaker (f. 1980).
• 1904: Leopold Trepper, Soviet spy (f. 1982).
• 1907: Roberto Cherro (Cabecita de Oro), Argentine footballer (f. 1965).
• 1908: William McMahon, Australian Prime Minister and politician (f. 1988).
• 1913: Salvador Artigas, footballer and Spanish coach (f. 1997).
• 1915: Paul Tibbets, American pilot and military (f. 2007).
• 1916: Yekaterina Zelenko, a Soviet military pilot (f. 1941).
• 1918: Richard G. Butler, American Nazi activist (f. 2004).
• 1918 Round Alekséi Jlobistov, a Soviet fighter pilot and aviation ace (f. 1943).
• 1920: Aurora Bernárdez, Argentine translator and writer, former wife of Julio Cortázar (f. 2014).
• 1923: Rafael Addiego Bruno, magistrate and Uruguayan president (f. 2014).
• 1924: Allan McLeod Cormack, a South African scientist, Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1979 (f. 1998).
• 1924: Claude Sautet, French filmmaker and screenwriter (f. 2000).
• 1926: Eduardo Lerchundi, Argentinian costumer (f. 2018).
• 1926: Fernando Vizcaíno Casas, writer and Spanish lawyer (f. 2003).
• 1927: Mirtha Legrand, actress and presenter of Argentine television.
• 1927: Silvia Legrand, an Argentine actress (f. 2020).
• 1927: Régine Crespin, French soprano (f. 2007).
• 1929: Queta Lavat, Mexican actress.
• 1929: Alejo II, Patriarch Moscovita (f. 2008).
• 1930: Federico Vairo, Argentine footballer (f. 2010).
• 1931: Tom Wesselmann, American artist (f. 2004).
• 1932: Majel Barrett Roddenberry, American actress (f. 2008).
• 1934: Augusto Algueró, director of orchestra and Spanish composer (f. 2011).
• 1934: Linda Cristal, Argentine-American actress (The big chaparral).
• 1936: Federico Luppi, Argentine actor (f. 2017).
• 1936: Manuel Bartlett Díaz, Mexican politician.
• 1938: Paul Morrissey, American filmmaker.
• 1938: Jiří Menzel, Czech filmmaker.
• 1938: Diane Varsi, American actress (f. 1992).
• 1940: Peter Fonda, American actor (f. 2019).
• 1941: Alla Taran, a violinist and a Ukrainian-Cuban pedagogue.
• 1942: Dioncounda Traoré, politician and Malian president.
• 1942: Ben Grussendorf, American politician (f. 2011).
• 1944: Johnny Winter, American musician (f. 2014).
• 1947: Pia Kjærsgaard, Danish politics.
• 1948: Manolo Clares, Spanish footballer.
• 1949: Marc Garneau, Canadian astronaut.
• 1952: Brad Whitford, American guitarist, of the Aerosmith band.
• 1953: Satoru Nakajima, Japanese Formula 1 pilot.
• 1953: Luis Alberto Beto Quevedo, sociologist, professor and Uruguayan-Argentine journalist.
• 1954: Rosendo Mercado, Spanish rock musician.
• 1954: Víktor Yúshchenko, Ukrainian Prime Minister.
• 1955: Howard Jones, British singer.
• 1955: Flip Saunders, American basketball coach (f. 2015).
• 1955: Guadalupe Pineda, Mexican singer.
• 1957: Viktor Markin, Russian athlete.
• 1958: David Sylvian, British musician, of the Japan and Nine Horses bands.

Naruhito

• 1960: Naruhito, 126th emperor of Japan.
• 1962: Michael Wilton, American band musician Queensrÿche.
• 1962: Miguel de León, Venezuelan actor.
• 1963: Radosław Sikorski, Polish journalist and politician.
• 1964: John Norum, Norwegian guitarist for the Europe band.
• 1965: Michael Dell, American businessman.
• 1965: Mikel Erentxun, Basque singer of Venezuelan origin.
• 1965: Sylvie Guillem, French dancer and choreographer.
• 1966: Didier Queloz, Swiss astronomer, nobel physics award in 2019.

René Pérez (Residente)

• 1967: José Luis Properzi, Argentinian musician, of the Super Raton band (f. 2015).
• 1967: Chris Vrenna, American musician, of the Nine Inch Nails and Tweaker bands.
• 1969: Marc Wauters, Belgian cyclist.
• 1970: Marie-Josée Croze, Canadian actress.
• 1970: Niecy Nash, American actress.
• 1971: Joe-Max Moore, American footballer.
• 1972: Atsushi Kisaichi, Japanese voice actor.
• 1972: Washington Fernando Araújo, footballer and Uruguayan coach.
• 1972: Jürgen Beneke, German cyclist.
• 1972: Néstor Benedetich, Argentine footballer.
• 1972: Jhonny Rivera, Colombian singer.
• 1974: Edmilson Carlos Abel, Brazilian footballer.
• 1975: Paola Barrientos, Argentine actress.
• 1975: Natalia Verbeke, an Argentine actress.
• 1975: Ryōko Nagata, Japanese seiyū.
• 1976: Kelly Macdonald, British actress.
• 1976: Alfredo Ramírez Bedolla, Mexican politician.
• 1977: Ayhan Akman, Turkish footballer.
• 1977: Jesús Mendoza Aguirre, Spanish footballer.
• 1977: Ricardo Cavalcante Ribeiro, Brazilian footballer.
• 1977: Tomasz Lisowicz, Polish cyclist.
• 1978: Resident (René Pérez Joglar), Puerto Rican musician, Calle 13.

Emily Blunt

• 1978: Jo Joyner, British actress.
• 1979: Luca Celli, Italian cyclist.
• 1979: Lucas Abraham, Argentine footballer.
• 1979 Hideyuki Ujiie, Japanese footballer.
• 1981: Gareth Barry, British footballer.
• 1981: Raphael Botti, Brazilian footballer.
• 1981: Mai Nakahara, seiyū and Japanese singer.
• 1981: Dylan Ryder, American pornographic actress.
• 1981: Alan Falomir Sáenz, Mexican politician.
• 1981: Steven Goldstein, a Colombian motor racing pilot.
• 1981: Cody Mattern, American farmer.
• 1982: Adam Hann-Byrd, American actor.
• 1982: Karan Singh, Indian politician.
• 1983: Emily Blunt, British actress.
• 1983: Aziz Ansari, American comic.
• 1983: Mido, Egyptian footballer.
• 1986: Skylar Grey, American singer.
• 1986: Ola Svensson, Swedish singer.
• 1987: Robert Topala, Swedish video-game developer.
• 1988: Nicolás Gaitán, Argentine soccer player.
• 1991: Igor Levchenko, Ukrainian footballer.

Samara Weaving

• 1992: Kiriakos Papadopulos, Greek footballer.
• 1992: Samara Weaving, Australian actress and model.
• 1992: Casemiro, Brazilian footballer.
• 1993: Tim Parker, American footballer.
• 1994: Dakota Fanning, American actress.
• 1994: Lucas Pouille, French tennis player.
• 1994: Farshid Esmaeili, Iranian footballer.
• 1995: Andrew Wiggins, Canadian basketball player.
• 1997: Erick Aguirre, Mexican footballer.
• 1997: Victor Berrios, Honduran footballer.
• 1997: José Luis Muñoz León, Spanish footballer.
• 1997: Oscar Linnér, Swedish footballer.
• 1998: Nenad Dimitrijević, Macedonian basketball player.
• 1998: Jack-Henry Sinclair, New Zealand footballer.
• 1998: Andy Casquete, Ecuadorian footballer.
• 1999: Mathias Nilsson, Swedish footballer.
• 1999: Melanie Kuenrath, Italian footballer.
• 1999: Roman Yevgenyev, Russian footballer.
• 1999: Mirko Ladrón de Guevara, Argentine footballer.
• 1999: Kristina Beroš, Croatian taekwondista.
• 1999: Enis Çokaj, Albanian footballer.
• 1999: Philipp Sturm, Austrian footballer.
• 1999: Julen Fernández Díaz, Spanish footballer.
• 1999: Alyce Anderson, pornographic actress and American erotic model.
• 2000: Justinas Marazas, Lithuanian footballer.
• 2000: Femke Bol, a Dutch athlete.
• 2000: Lucio Cinti, Argentinian rugby player.
• 2000: Gaspar Di Pizio, Argentine footballer.
• 2000: Juan José Perea, Colombian footballer.
• 2000: Aliaxei Alfiorau, Belarusian boxer.
• 2000: Jan Vorel, Czech penguin.
• 2000: Celina Di Santo, Argentine lawn hockey player.
• 2000: Christian Martyn, Canadian actor.
• 2000: Kemba Nelson, a Jamaican athlete.
• 2003: Giorgia Villa, Italian art gymnast.
• 2012: Sweden's wake, Swedish aristocrat.

Deaths

• 155: Policarpo de Esmirna, bishop of Esmirna (n. 69).
• 1072: Pedro Damián, theologian (n. 1007).
• 1100: Zhezong, Chinese emperor between 1085 and 1100 (n. 1076).
• 1270: Saint Elizabeth of France, daughter of Louis VIII of France (n. 1225).
• 1447: Eugene IV, Italian pope (n. 1383).
• 1447: Hunfredo de Gloucester, English aristocrat (n. 1390).
• 1464; Zhengtong, Chinese emperor (n. 1427).
• 1526: Diego Colón, Spanish aristocrat (n. 1476).
• 1546: Francis of Bourbon, French aristocrat (n. 1519).
• 1554: Henry Grey, British statesman and aristocrat (n. c. 1515).
• 1603: Andrea Cesalpino, philosopher, botanist and Italian physicist (n. 1519).
• 1766: Estanislao I Leszczynski, Polish king (n. 1677).
• 1781: George Taylor, a US politician who signed the Declaration of Independence (n. 1716).
• 1792: Joshua Reynolds, British painter (n. 1723).
• 1795: Carlos José Gutiérrez de los Ríos, politician, musician and Spanish literate (n. 1742).
• 1821: John Keats, British poet (n. 1795).
• 1822: Vicente Benavides, Chilean military (n. 1777).
• 1848: John Quincy Adams, sixth American President (n. 1767).
• 1855: Carl Friedrich Gauss, mathematician, astronomer and German physicist (n. 1777).
• 1859: Zygmunt Krasiński, Polish poet (n. 1812).
• 1873: Lorenzo Arrazola, Spanish politician (n. 1795).
• 1879: Albrecht Graf von Roon, a Prussian military (n. 1803).
• 1896: Just Arosemena, Colombian writer and politician (n. 1817).
• 1897: Woldemar Bargiel, German composer (n. 1828).
• 1917: Jean Gaston Darboux, French mathematician (n. 1842).
• 1926: Joan Llimona, a Spanish painter (n. 1860).
• 1930; Horst Wessel, Nazi ideologist (n. 1907).
• 1931: Nellie Melba, Australian opera singer (n. 1861).
• 1934: Edward Elgar, British composer (n. 1857).
• 1935: Dionisio Pérez Gutiérrez, a Spanish writer and gastronomy (n. 1872).
• 1944: Leo Hendrik Baekeland, an American chemical (n. 1863).
• 1945: Reginald Barker, American filmmaker (n. 1886).
• 1948: John Robert Gregg, Irish inventor (n. 1866).
• 1953: Atilio Narancio, politician and leader of Uruguayan football (n. 1883).
• 1955: Paul Claudel, French playwright (n. 1868).
• 1958: Carlos Sáenz de Tejada, Spanish painter (n. 1897).
• 1962: Crisologist Larralde, an Argentine politician (n. 1902).
• 1965: Stan Laurel, The FlacoAmerican comic actor (n. 1890).
• 1966: Melchor Fernández Almagro, Spanish historian (n. 1893).
• 1967: Pepe Arias, Argentine comic actor (n. 1900).
• 1969: Saudi Arabia, Arab king (n. 1902).
• 1973: Dickinson W. Richards, American Doctor, Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1956 (n. 1895).
• 1974: Harry Ruby, American composer (n. 1895).
• 1982: Carlos Manuel Rama, historian, sociologist, lawyer, journalist and Uruguayan professor (n. 1922).
• 1985: Risieri Frondizi, philosopher and Argentine anthropologist (n. 1910).
• 1987: José Afonso, Portuguese singer (n. 1929).
• 1990: José Napoleón Duarte, Salvadoran politician (n. 1925).
• 1990: James Gavin, General and American Ambassador (n. 1907).
• 1992: Valentino Bompiani, Italian editor (n. 1898).
• 1993: Mario Pani Darqui, Mexican architect (n. 1911).
• 1995: Angel de Echenique, Spanish journalist (n. 1916).
• 1995: James Herriot, British writer (n. 1916).
• 1995: Melvin Franklin, American bassist of The Temptations (n. 1942).
• 1997: Tony Williams, American drummer (n. 1945).
• 2000: Ofra Haza, an Israeli singer (n. 1957).
• 2000: Stanley Matthews, British footballer (n. 1915).
• 2001: Robert Enrico, French filmmaker (n. 1931).
• 2001: Tincho Zabala, an Argentine actor of Uruguayan origin (n. 1923).
• 2003: Manuel Alonso Olea, Spanish lawyer (n. 1924).
• 2003: Shlomo Argov, Israeli diplomat (n. 1929).
• 2003: Christopher Hill, British historian (n. 1912).
• 2003: Robert King Merton, American sociologist (n. 1910).
• 2004: Carl Anderson, American singer and actor (n. 1945).
• 2004: Antonio Garrigues Díaz-Cañabate, lawyer, diplomat and Spanish politician (n. 1904).
• 2004: Don Cornell, American singer (n. 1919).
• 2004: Raúl Salinas Lozano, Mexican economist and politician (n. 1917).
• 2006: Telmo Zarraonaindía, Zarra, Spanish footballer (n. 1921).
• 2006: Benno Besson, Swiss actor and filmmaker (n. 1922).
• 2007: Pascal Yoadimnadji, politician and Chadian prime minister between 2005 and 2007 (n. 1950).
• 2008: Janez Drnovšek, a Slovenian politician (n. 1950).
• 2011: Jean Lartéguy, French writer and journalist (n. 1920).
• 2015: Ben Woolf, American film and television actor (n. 1980).
• 2016: Ramón Castro Ruz, Cuban agronomist and political engineer, Fidel's brother and Raul (n. 1924).
• 2019: Katherine Helmond, American actress (n. 1929).
• 2022: Juan Pablo Colmenarejo, a Spanish journalist (n. 1967).

Celebrations

• Carnival's first day.
• JapanJapan: Tennō tanjōbi.
• Russia Russia: Homeland Defender Day.
• Venezuela Venezuela: Perito Day and Industrial Technician.

Catholic saints list

• San Policarpo de EsmirnaBishop and martyr (f. v. 155)
• Santa Marta de Astorga, virgin and martyr (sixteenth centuryIII)
• Serene or Sinerio de Sirmiomartyr (f. c. 307)
• Santa Milburga de Wenlock(f. c. 722)
• San Willigiso de Maguncia, bishop (f. 1011)
• San Juan de Stilo, monk (s. XI)
• beata Rafaela de Villalonga Ybarra (f. 1900)
• beato Nicolás Tabouillot, priest and martyr (f. 1795)
• Blessed Josefina Vannini(f. 1911)
• beato Luis Mzyk, priest and martyr (f. 1942)
• Blessed Vincent Frelichowski, priest (f. 1945)