1st century BC c.

The first century B.C. C. or century I a. and. c. (1st century BC) began on January 1, 100 B.C. C. and ended on December 31 of the year 1 a. C. It is located within the historical period of the Ancient Age. It is called the "Imperial Century".

In the course of this century, all the territories surrounding the Mediterranean Sea came under the control of Rome, being ruled directly by Roman governors, or through vassal kings appointed by Rome. The Roman state went through a time of cruel civil wars, which ended with a political setback: the dissolution of the ancient Roman republic, after some 500 years of existence, and the concentration of all state power in one man, the emperor, Thus originating the Roman Empire, one of the most important (if not the most important) in Western history.

The internal turbulence that ravaged Rome at this time can be seen as the last convulsions before the final demise of the Old Roman Republic, which eventually took the path of autocratic rule by powerful men like Julius Caesar, Mark Antony, and Octavian. At the end of this century it is estimated that Jesus of Nazareth, the central figure of Christianity, would have been born.

Meanwhile, in Asia, the Han Chinese Empire continues to flourish. The Chinese establish hegemony in the region after clashes with the Xiongnu nomads, who end up (temporarily) subjected at the end of the century.

Relevant events

Wars and Politics

Roman republic.

• 88 B.C.: Mytridian wars begin, with which the Romans begin the conquest of Anatolia.
• 86 B.C.: Roman conquest of Athens.
• 81 B.C.: Lucio Cornelio Sila is proclaimed dictator of Rome, establishing new reforms and persecutions on his political enemies.
• 73 B.C.: A slave rebellion led by the rebel gladiator Spartacus triggers the third servile war on the Italian peninsula.
• 63 a. C.: Gneo Pompeyo Magno captures Jerusalem and annexes to Rome the territory of Judea, thus ending with the Seleucid Empire and the Mythriatic Wars.
• 53 B.C.: First Roman-Persian War. The Romans are defeated by the Persian labors in the battle of Carras. The clashes with Persia will continue uninterrupted for 700 years, until the fall of Sassanid Persia before the Arabs (XVI century).
• 52 B.C.: With the victory of Julius Caesar in the battle of Alesia, the Romans are made with the control of the Galia (now France).
• 49 B.C.: Julius Caesar crosses the river Rubicon rebelling against the Roman Republic and triggering the second civil war of the Roman Republic.
• 48 B.C.: Julius Caesar defeats Pompeyo Magno in the battle of Farsalia, he will die shortly after he was killed.
• 45 B.C.: After defeating in the battle of Munda, Caesar ends the resistance optimateexcept for the rebellion of Sexto Pompeyo.
• 44 B.C.: March Idus. Julio Cesar, named "perpetual dictator", is murdered by conspiratorial senators.
• 31 B.C.: The Last Republican Civil War occurs, where the band of César Octaviano is triumphant.
• 30 B.C.: End of Ancient Egypt. The death of Cleopatra marks the end of more than 3000 years of Egyptian history, which from this moment will be under full control of foreign forces and empires (until the founding of the Egyptian Republic in 1953)
• 27 BC: Birth of the Roman Empire. The Roman Senate grants César Octaviano the title Augusto.

Asian

• 57 B.C.: In Southeast Korea the village of Silla was founded (date with 50,000 years is traditional according to Samguk Sagi).
• 36 B.C.: The Chinese Empire submits to the Xiongnu (proto-mongoles) after the decisive Battle of Zhizhi.
• 37 B.C.: In the south of Manchuria is founded Goguryeo (traditional date according to Samguk Sagi).
• 18 B.C.: The village of Baekje (traditional date according to Samguk Sagi) is founded in Southwest Korea.
• 1 B.C.: The Emperor Ai of Hanish and is succeeded by his 9-year-old son. Wang Mang starts his plot against the Han.

Culture

• Roman Theatre of Merida (year 18 B.C.).
• Arc de Bará (year 13 to C, approximate date).
• Vesta Temple in Rome.
• Marco Vitruvio, architect, writer, engineer and treatist.
• Ara Pacis (13-9 BC).
• painting in Pompeii.
• In this century the golden age of Latin literature occurs, with works, among others of Lucrecio (99 B.C.-55 B.C.), Virgilio (70-19 B.C.) and Horacio (65-8 B.C.). The historian Tito Livio was born in 64 BC.

Science and technology

• The Chinese first register the sunspots.
• 87 B.C.: On the island of Antiquitera (Greece) the Antiquitera mechanism is manufactured, used to follow the movement of the celestial bodies. (It was found in 1902).
• 27 BC: the Romans build the first dome (the Pantheon of Agrippa).
• The blown glass is blown up in Roman Syria.

Relevant people

Julius Caesar was the cause of the end of the Roman Republic—five centuries of existence—to concentrate all the powers of the state on his only figure as “perpetual dictator”.

• Julius Caesar (100-44 BC): Roman military and political, perpetual dictator of Rome.
• Cleopatra VII (69-30 BC): the last queen of Egypt and the Ptolemaic dynasty.
• Cneo Pompeyo Magno (106-48 B.C.): Roman military and political, ally and subsequent enemy of Julius Caesar.
• Dongmyeong de Goguryeo (58-19 BC): Emperor and unifying Korean.
• Spartacus (113-71 BC): rebel gladiator.
• Herod I the Great (73-4 BC): King of Judea and Galilee.
• Horatio (65-8 B.C.): Roman poet.
• Lucio Cornelio Sila (138-78 BC): Roman politician and military, dictator of Rome.
• Lucio Licinio Lúculo (118-56 BC): Roman military and political.
• Lucio Sergio Catilina (108-62 BC): Roman politician, leader of the so-called Catilin conjuration.
• Lucrecio (99-55 BC): Roman poet and philosopher.
• Marco Antonio (83-30 B.C.): Roman military and political.
• Marco June Bruto (85-45 BC): political and Roman, one of the leaders of the conjure against Julius Caesar.
• Marco Licinio Craso (115-53 BC): Roman military and political.
• Marco Porcio Catón (95-46 BC): Roman politician, Senator optimate.
• Marco Tulio Cicerón (106-43 BC): politician, speaker and writer of Rome.
• Marco Vipsanio Agripa (63-12 a.C.): Roman military, lieutenant of Octavio Augusto.
• Marco Vitruvio (70-15 AD): architect, engineer and Roman writer.
• Mitrídates VI of the Pontus (132-63 BC): King of the Pontus.
• Fifth Sertory (122-72 BC): Roman military and political, led the resistance popular in Hispania.
• Sixth Pompey (65-35 BC): Roman military, son of Pompey Magnus.
• Tigranes II the Great (140-55 BC): King of Armenia.
• Titus Labieno (100-45 B.C.): Roman military, ally of Julius Caesar, later passed to the band optimate.
• Tito Livio (59-17 AD): Roman historian.
• Vercingétorix (80-46 B.C.): Galician warlord, led the resistance against the Romans.
• Virgil (70-19 BC): Roman poet.
• Xuan Di (91-49 BC): Chinese emperor.