19th century BC c.

The 19th century a. C. began on January 1, 1900 a. C. and ended on December 31, 1801 a. c.

Events

Demographics

• In the Indosi river valley (Pakistan), the first urban agglomerations (Harappa culture) appear, which are populated quickly. They make brick buildings and channeling facilities.
• 1890 B.C.: in the Aegean Sea, 35 km northeast of Heraclion (capital of Crete) an earthquake occurs. The number of dead is unknown. See Earthquakes prior to the 20th century.
• 1831 BC: An earthquake occurs in Shandong, China. Kill an undetermined number of thousands of people.

Science and technology

1. Years 1900 BC: the inhabitants of Hattusa learn to melt iron.
2. In Egypt, under the reign of Amenemhat III, works are done to regulate the waters of Lake Moeris.

Wars and Politics

• 1900 BC: expansion of Mesosiria.
• 1894 BC: the city of Babylon forms a state.
• 1878 B.C.: In Egypt, the maximum expansion of the Middle Empire begins with Sesostris III on the throne, belonging to the XI dynasty.
• 1841 B.C.: ends the maximum expansion of ancient Egypt with the death of Sesostris III.
• 1812 B.C.: In Babylon begins the reign of Sîn-Muballit, the fifth king of the first Babylonian dynasty.

Trade

• The Egyptian influence reaches Lower Nubia, commercial routes open to Sinai, Crete and Biblos.

Culture

• In Hawara, Egypt, the pyramid and funeral temple are built.
• In Egyptian sculpture the New Realism is developed, with works like The dice playerand the statues of Sesostris III, Amenemhat III and the royal sfings.
• Egyptian literature: Teachings of King Amenemhat e History of Sinué.
• The culture of Los Millares is replaced by that of El Argar.