1937

ImprimirCitar

1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year beginning on a Friday according to the Gregorian calendar. He was designated as:

The year of the ox according to the Chinese Horoscope.

Events

Events (January-June)

January 1: In Nicaragua, Anastasio Somoza García assumes as president with the support of the US government.
January 1st: Argentina Begins the 14th edition of Copa América.
4 January: Mexico enters into force the decree of President Lázaro Cárdenas, creating the national park of the Citlaltépetl volcano.
January 8: The third act of neutrality enters into force in the United States.
23 January: 19 people associated with CNT are shot in Spain by the Francoist troops.
January 27: in Mexico in the context of the agrarian reform undertaken by President Lázaro Cárdenas del Río, the call is made: Assault on the Lands, in the Municipality of Mexicali, a date that marks the beginning of the end of a foreign land in Mexican lands.
January 30: in Buenos Aires (Argentina) End the Copa América and Argentina wins its Fifth Title after winning it for the minimum difference 1-0 to Brazil.
2 February: Iolo-British agreement on the maintenance of the status quo in the Mediterranean Sea.
4 February: decree of the Spanish Ministry of Justice that provides for equality of civil rights for both sexes.
February 5: In Spain the battle of the Jarama begins, where the Republicans face the Francoist army. It will end on February 28.
6 February: In the framework of the Spanish civil war, the United States Congress establishes the arms embargo for both warring parties.
7 February: In Metlaui (Tunisia), 19 miners die at the hands of the gendarmerie.
February 8: Massacre of the road Malaga-Almeria. The attack on civilians by the subjugated command against a column of displaced persons heading towards Malaga leaves between 3000 and 5000 dead, most civilians.
9 February: in Seville, Spain, the title of “adoptive son of Seville” is awarded to General Gonzalo Queipo de Llano.
14 February: the Republicans, in the context of the Spanish civil war, stop the Francoist advance towards Almeria in Albuñol.
16 February: Chile has a number of regulations on the colonization of the province of Aysén.
February 19: During the Spanish civil war, the Hitlerian Condor Legion bombards the city of Albacete for five hours, causing at least 130 deaths.
February 20: In Japan, the Liberal Party Minseit wins the electoral victory.
February 24: The Soviet Union prohibits the sending of volunteers to the Spanish civil war.
March 1st: in Salamanca, Spain, the ambassadors of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy present their credentials to Francisco Franco.
March 1st: In Moscow, the Spaniards Rafael Alberti and María Teresa León are received.
March 4: Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt swears as president of the United States for a second term.
March 21: members of the Nationalist Party of Puerto Rico, in a peaceful demonstration, are killed by the island police, with the result of twenty deaths and a hundred people wounded in the Ponce massacre.
March 23: the Battle of the Jarama concludes, during the Spanish Civil War, with a Republican counterattack led by General Miaja, who was arrested.
March 23: The Kuomintang rejects, at his congress in Nanking, any collaboration with the Communists.
March 31: Spanish Civil War: the offensive on Vizcaya begins, Italian aviation bombs Durango Vizcaya (Spain) causing several deaths.
1 April: Burma is separated from India and obtains from the United Kingdom status of dominion.
April 19: the Unification Decree is promoted. Falange Española of the JONS opposes this measure and his boss, Manuel Hedilla, is imprisoned. Manuel Fal Conde is also opposed.
April 21: Chile founded the Club Deportivo Universidad Católica.
25 April: In Spain, the Swedish-Norway Hospital (Alcoy) was opened thanks to the humanitarian aid of Sweden and Norway.
April 26: in Spain, the bombing of Guernica occurs.
1 May: Congress promulgates the law of American neutrality in the Spanish civil war.
May 3: in Barcelona the days of May are happening: anarchists and POUM face communists and government forces.
May 3: Catalonia is taken by government assault guards.
May 7: The literature of the Friends of Durruti appears, calling for a revolutionary board of workers' representatives.

The LZ 129 Hindenburg at the time of its fire, May 6, 1937

May 6: In the United States, the German leader LZ 129 Hindenburg is on fire.
May 12: In the UK Jorge VI and Isabel are crowned kings of the UK and emperors of India
May 17: In Spain, Juan Negrín forms a new socialist government sympathizing with the communists.
May 17: In Spain, aviation captain Joaquín García-Morato obtained the Laureada Cross of San Fernando.
May 28: In London, Neville Chamberlain becomes prime minister, and forms a coalition government.
May 31: In Spain, the Nazi Navy bombards the city of Almeria for almost an hour by direct order of Adolf Hitler.
June 1: Morgan Freeman was born in Memphis, Tennessee.
June 3: Argentina opens the fourth line of the porteño subway, the D Line (Subte de Buenos Aires).
June 11: In the Soviet Union, Stalin carried out purges of the Red Army.
June 16: POUM is declared out of the law and its leaders are arrested.
June 19: In Spain, the Francoist troops enter Bilbao.
June 21: In France, the government of the Popular Front, led by Léon Blum, is relinquished.

Events (July-December)

July 5: KMT and PCCH make an agreement to combat the Japanese.
July 5: In Yellow Grass (Saskatchewan) the highest temperature is recorded in Canada's History: 45 °C (113 °F).
7 July: near Beijing the Marco Polo Bridge Incident happens. The Second but-Japanese war is declared.
12 July: the work of Guernica of the artist, among other painters and sculptor, Pablo Picasso, is presented to the public at the Pavilion of the Spanish Republic, in the framework of the Paris International Exhibition
July 23: Cáceres (Spain) is bombarded.
July 25: In Orizaba, Mexico there is an earthquake of 7.3 that leaves 34 dead.
July 26: Japanese troops advance over Chinese territory.
July 28: Japan strikes China by surprise, following incidents on the Marco Polo Bridge in Beijing, border delimitation after the Nippon occupation of Yejol Province. Bombing crossing the East China Sea (from Japan) over Nanking and Shanghai.
1 August: Two earthquakes of 6.9 and 6.7 shake the Shandong Province leaving 3,200 dead and 12,000 wounded.
2 August: Bolivia creates the agrarian reform and declares the Indian Day.
August 2: Grote Reber builds the first radio telescope.
4 August: in Venezuela, President Eleazar López Contreras founded the National Guard of Venezuela.
August 10: in Aragon, Spain, the forces of General Líster are breaking.
August 13: Japanese gas attack on Chinese troops.
August 13: The struggle between the Japanese and Chinese troops begins in Shanghai.
August 31: in Bolivia the National Council for Economics is established.
September 1st: Britain adopts a policy of non-belligerent against Germany.
September 8: The Congress of Nuremberg approves the nationalization of mining and metallurgical companies and the German rearmament.
27 September: the tiger of Bali is declared extinction, however, during the 1940s (and to a lesser extent until 1972), there were several unconfirmed sightings. The most recent sighting was in 2010.
September 28: In the framework of the Spanish civil war, the "caudillo" (dictator) Francisco Franco creates the National Feast of the Caudillo, to be commemorated on October 1 of each year, when Franco assumed power.
2 October: the massacre of the Perejil in which between 600 and 12 000 Haitians died on the Dominican-Haitian border.
5 November: in Germany, the dictator Adolf Hitler set the goal of conquering vital space by force.
12 November: In the Dominican Republic the Pan-American Flight begins to achieve Latin American peace.
December 12: In the Yangtzé River, Japanese planes flee the American cannon Panay.
13 December: in Nanking, China, for six weeks the Japanese army looted the city, causing 200,000 deaths to the civilian population (Masacre de Nanking).
December 21st in the United States the first feature film by walt Disney called Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs is being Disney's first animated film in history
31 December: the rebels bomb the civilian population in Bilbao and Durango.

Births

Principal level: Born in 1937

January

Carlos Prieto Jacqué

1 January:
- Akiko Tsuboi, Japanese voice actress.
- Carlos Prieto Jacqué, Mexican cellist.
- Ramón Ayerra, Spanish writer (f. 2010).
- Eduardo Martínez de Pisón, professor emeritus of Geography of the Autonomous University of Madrid, geographer, writer and alpinist.
January 4th: Grace Bumbry, American opera singer.
6 January:
- Paolo Conte, Italian singer.
- Doris Troy, American singer, of the band The Sweet Inspirations (f. 2004).
January 7: Nativity Barroso, Venezuelan poet of canary origin.
January 8: Shirley Bassey, British singer.
January 9: Enrique Lizalde, Mexican actor (f. 2013).
January 14: Rafael del Rio, Mexican actor (f. 2002).
January 23: Rebeca López, Colombian actress.
January 27: John Ogdon, pianist and British composer (f.1989).

Vanessa Redgrave

30 January:
- Boris Spassky, Russian chess player.
- Vanessa Redgrave, British actress.
January 31: Philip Glass, American composer.

February

1 February:
- Gerardo Masana, architect and Argentine musician of Les Luthiers (f. 1973).
- Ray Sawyer, American singer (f. 2018).
4 February: Félix Grande, a Spanish poet (f. 2014).
7 February: Jaime Hurtado, first Afro-Ecuadorian deputy, leader of the Popular Democratic Movement (f. 1999).
9 February: Hildegard Behrens, German soprano (f. 2009).
February 10: Jorge Yáñez, actor, writer and Chilean folklorist.
February 14: Magic Sam, American blues guitarist and singer (f. 1969).
15 February:
- Coen Moulijn, Dutch footballer (f. 2011).
- Eladio Viñuela, chemist and Spanish molecular biologist (f. 1999).
February 20: Nancy Wilson, American jazz melodic singer, the R fakeB, soul and pop.
February 21: Harald V, Norwegian king.

March

2 March: Abdelaziz Bouteflika, Algerian politician.
March 3: Bobby Driscoll, American film and television actor (f. 1968).
4 March: José Araquistáin, Spanish footballer
5 March:
- Sal Borgese, Italian actor.
- Olusegun Obasanjo, a Nigerian politician and military.
March 6: Valentina Tereshkova, Russian cosmonaut.
8 March: Juvénal Habyarimana, President of Rwanda (f. 1994).
11 March:
- María Auxiliadora Delgado de Vázquez, wife of Tabaré Vázquez, first lady of Uruguay from 2005 to 2010 and from 2015 to 2019 (f. 2019).
- Carlos Larrañaga, Spanish actor (f. 2012).

Lina Morgan

March 20: Lina Morgan, Spanish actress (f. 2015).
21 March: Pierre-Jean Rémy, French diplomat and writer (f. 2010).
March 23: Moacyr Scliar, Brazilian writer and doctor (f. 2011).
March 24: Evangelina Martínez, Mexican actress.
March 30: Warren Beatty, American actor.

April

5 April:
- Colin Powell, American politician and military (f. 2021).
- Juan Lezcano, Paraguayan footballer (f. 2012).
6 April:
- Merle Haggard, American singer and guitarist, from the bands The Strangers and The Buckaroos (f. 2016).
- Peter Maivia, Samoano-American fighter (f. 1982).
- Billy Dee Williams, American actor.
April 10: Emile Barron, a Surinamese footballer (f. 2015).
April 20: George Takei, American actor.

Jack Nicholson

22 April:
- Manolo Juárez, pianist, composer and Argentine professor (f. 2020).
- Jack Nicholson, American actor and filmmaker.
April 23: Adalberto Santiago, Puerto Rican singer.
April 26: Haílton Corrêa de Arruda (Manga), Brazilian footballer.
28 April: Saddam Hussein, Iraqi dictator (f. 2006).

May

May 1st: A Stubbs, British actress.(f. 2021).
4 May:
- Dick Dale, American rock surf guitarist (f. 2019).
- Ron Carter, American counterpart
5 May: Giovan Battista Pirovano, Italian footballer (f. 2014).
May 6: Rubin Carter, American boxer (f. 2014).
May 7: Domitila Barrios, Bolivian feminist and working activist (f. 2012).
8 May:
- Carlos Gaviria Díaz, Colombian jurist and politician (f. 2015).
- Thomas Pynchon, American writer.
May 9: Rafael Moneo, Spanish architect.
May 12: George Carlin, American comedian (f. 2008).
13 May: Roger Zelazny, American writer (f. 1995).
15 May:
- Madeleine Albright, American diplomat and policy of Czech origin. (f. 2022).
- René Drucker Colín, Mexican scientist (f. 2017).

June

Henny Trayles

June 1: Morgan Freeman, American actor and filmmaker.
June 4: Henny Trayles, an actress and Uruguayan comedian of German origin (f. 2022).
June 7: Neeme Järvi, director of orchestra and Estonian musician.
June 15: Waylon Jennings, American singer (f. 2002).
17 June:
- Cristina Bajo, Argentine writer.
- Jorge Edgardo D'Ascenzo, Argentine footballer (f. 2010).
- Egle Martin, actress, vedette and Argentine singer.
- Ted Nelson, American sociologist and philosopher.
June 23: Martti Ahtisaari, President and Finnish diplomat.

Jesus Hermida

June 27: Jesús Hermida, journalist and Spanish presenter (f. 2015).

July

3 July:
- Tom Stoppard, British playwright of Czech origin.
- Juan Harvey Caicedo, journalist and Colombian radio announcer (f. 2003).
6 July:
- Dina de Marco, Mexican actress (f. 1998).
- Ned Beatty, American actor (f. 2021).
July 18: Hunter S. Thompson, American journalist and writer (f. 2005).
July 27: José Ignacio Cabrujas, playwright and Venezuelan screenwriter (f. 1995).
July 23: Teolindo Acosta, Venezuelan baseball player (f. 2004).
July 25: Omar Yepes, Colombian lawyer and politician.
28 July:
- Felipe Cazals, director, screenwriter and producer of Mexican cinema (f. 2021).
- Rodolfo González Cruz, evangelical pastor, missionary and Cuban-Peruvian writer.
- Francis Veber, French director and screenwriter.

August

2 August: Maria Duval, Mexican actress and singer.
August 3: Patricio Manns, Chilean writer and songwriter.

Dustin Hoffman

August 8: Dustin Hoffman, American film actor.
17 August: Adicea Castillo, Venezuelan economist.
August 18: Miguel Grinberg, Argentine writer and environmentalist.
26 August:
- Blanca Rosa Gil, Cuban Boleros singer.
- Gennadi Yanáyev, Soviet politician (f. 2010).

September

September 6: Jo Anne Worley, American actress.
September 15: Fernando de la Rúa, Argentine lawyer and politician, president of the country between 1999 and 2001 (f. 2019).
September 16: Carlos Spadone, Argentine businessman.
17 September: Albertine Sarrazin, French writer (f. 1967).
September 21: Amparo Baró, Spanish actress (f. 2015).
September 22: Ricardo Bowen Cavagnaro, politician, businessman and Ecuadorian journalist (f. 2017).
September 26: Lisandro Meza, Colombian singer and composer.
27 September:
- José Sacristán, Spanish actor.
- Felipe Arriaga, Mexican singer and actor (f. 1988).
September 28: Paz Fernández Felgueroso, Spanish politics.

October

October 2: Roberto Herlitzka, Italian actor.
October 3: Sister Theresa Varela, nun and Argentine activist.
6 October:
- Walter Belvisi, Uruguayan architect.
- Mario Renato Capecchi, ieloestadounidense molecular geneticist, nobel medical award in 2007.
October 11: Bobby Charlton, British footballer.
October 17: Aída Navarro, mezzosoprano venezolana.
October 27: Tristan, Argentine actor and humorist.
October 30: Leonorilda Ochoa, Mexican actress (f. 2016).

November

2 November: Maria Fernanda D'Ocón, Spanish actress.
6 November:
- Riah Abu-El-Assal, an Anglican Palestinian-Israeli bishop.
- Garry Gross, American photographer (f. 2010).
- Isaac Wrzacki, Argentinean singer (f. 2002).
9 November: Maricarmen Vela, Spanish actress.
17 November: Manuel Félix López, Ecuadorian politician (f. 2004).
November 19: Tania (Tamara Bunke), a revolutionary activist and an Argentine guerrilla activist (f. 1967).

Lorena Velázquez

20 November:
- René Kollo, German tenor.
- Ruth Laredo, American pianist (f. 2005).
- Eero Mäntyranta, Finnish skier (f. 2013).
- Viktoria Tókareva, Russian writer and writer.
November 23: Dora Cadavid, Colombian actress (f. 2022).
November 30: Ridley Scott, British filmmaker.

December

Jane Fonda

1 December:
- Mervat Tallawy, Egyptian diplomat and policy.
- Vaira Vīe-Freiberga, Latvian politics.
December 6: Alberto Spencer, Ecuadorian footballer (f. 2006)
15 December:
- Mutsuo Takahashi, poet, essayist and Japanese writer.
- Lorena Velázquez, Mexican actress.
December 16: Ciro Durán, Colombian filmmaker (f. 2022).
December 17: John Kennedy Toole, American writer (f. 1969).

Anthony Hopkins

21 December:
- Jane Fonda, American actress.
- Prosper Avril, Haitian military and political.
December 22: Eduard Uspenski, Russian writer specializing in child literature (f. 2018).
December 28: Ratan Tata, Indian entrepreneur.
29 December: Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, former President of the Maldives.
30 December:
- Gordon Banks, British footballer (f. 2019).
- Raquel Olmedo, Cuban actress.
31 December:
- Anthony Hopkins, British actor.
- Francisco Gabica, Spanish cyclist (f. 2014).