1934

1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year beginning on a Monday according to the Gregorian calendar.

Events

January

• January 1st: in Germany the decree-law for "the improvement of race" enters into force, which legalizes the methods known as eugenics.
• January 3: In Osek (North Bohemia) there is a mining catastrophe, in which 126 miners die.
• 7 January:
  • Franco-Italian agreement to regulate border disputes in African colonies. France concedes to Libya and part of French Somalia to Italy.
  • In the United States, the cartoonist Alex Raymond creates Flash Gordon for the company King Features Syndicate.
• January 11: In Mendoza, Argentina, floods cause more than 60 deaths.
• 15 January:
  • In Nepal there is an epicenter earthquake 10 km south of Everest (the highest mountain in the world). Leave a balance of about 10 500 dead in this country and in the Indian state of Bijar.
  • In Italy a law on the formation of corporations is enacted.
• January 22: the American film is released The lucky texanstarring John Wayne.
• January 26: a "treatment of non-aggression" is signed between Germany and Poland, with 10 years in force.
• January 30: People's representation in the Länder governments is abolished in Germany.

February

• The month of February had no full moon, as there was one on the 30th of January and the next was on the 1st of March of that same year.
• February 6: 14 people die in the square of the Concordia in Paris during the demonstration of the extreme right wing leagues during the riots of February 6, 1934.
• 7 February: in Valencia, Juan de la Cierva does a decreasing test and takes off with his self-drawn on the deck of the aircraft carrier Give it up..
• 9 February:
  • Greece, Turkey, Romania and Yugoslavia sign the Balkan Pact to ensure border security.
  • In France, Gaston Doumergue new form Government. Philippe Pétain is appointed Minister of War, a position that will occupy until the change of the cabinet on December 8, 1934.
• 11 February: In Colombia, the Communists are running for the presidential elections to Eutoquio Timoté, an indigenous leader belonging to the Pyjao community, who would be defeated by the Liberal Party leader Alfonso López Pumarejo.
• February 15: In China, Chiang Kai-Shek founded the New Life movement for the renewal of customs.
• 16 February: in Madrid, Juan de la Cierva made the first flight with his autogiro and flew over the city.
• 17 February:
  • The Austrian Foreign Minister, Engelbert Dollfuss, escapes a Nazi attack.
  • A British, French and Italian tripartite declaration guarantees the independence of Austria.
• 18 February: In Norway, a law is enacted whereby women will have access to all official positions of the State and the Church.
• February 21, in Managua (Nicaragua), the National Guard murders Augusto César Sandino, a revolutionary and Nicaraguan leader in the fight against U.S. dominance.
• February 23: in Belgium, Leopoldo III, the Belgian genocidal Leopoldo II, becomes king.

March

• March 1st: In Manchuria, President Puyi is crowned emperor of Manchukuo.
• 4 March: In Spain, Falange Española and JONS (National Syndicalist Offensive Boards) are merged in a single national-syndicalist patriotic group: "FE de las JONS".
• March 11: In Buenos Aires, the Peruvian swimmer Daniel Carpio wins the South American Championship, with a time of 1 min, 15.8 s the series of 100 meters back.
• March 12: In the state of Utah there is a 6.6 earthquake that leaves two dead.
• March 16: In the United States, actress Katharine Hepburn, gets her first Oscar award as best actress for her performance in the film Glory of one day.
• 22 March:
  • In Uruguay, Dr. Gabriel Terra is re-elected president.
  • The Spanish writer Juan Ramón Jiménez removes his verses from the second edition that Gerardo Diego prepares for his anthology Spanish poetry.
• March 29: In Germany, the Nazi government deprives its nationality of the nobel prize of physics, Albert Einstein due to its Jewish origin.

April

• April 2: in Spain, Manuel Azaña founded the Republican Left party.
• April 3: Izquierda Republicana was founded after the merger of the party of Manuel Azaña (Republican Action), the Republican Independent Socialist Radical Party and the Republican Autonomous Galician Organization.
• 6 April: Spain invades and occupies the Ifni (in Africa).

May

• 27 May: in Italy the second edition of the World Cup 1934 is inaugurated.

June

• 10 June: in Rome (Italy) Italy is the World Cup champion of 1934 after winning 2-1 to Czechoslovakia.

• June 24: the club is founded the Spanish social center and

• June 30: The Night of the Long Knives takes place in Germany, where the purge of the Nazi party begins with the massacre and disarmament of the SA assault bodies.

July

• 1 July:
  • In Mexico, the National Financial (NAFINSA) was founded.
  • Lazaro Cárdenas del Rio wins presidential elections.
• July 6: In Chile, the event known as the massacre of Ránquil occurred, where they were killed by the state of chile colonos and indigenous Chileans.
• July 18: In Poland, catastrophic floods leave a balance of 150 dead and material damage worth a billion zlotys.

August

• 2 August: At the death of Hindenburg, Adolf Hitler is appointed president of Germany in conjunction with the position of Chancellor. The title of Führer and Reich Chancellor is awarded.
• August 22: In the United States, a group of entrepreneurs tries to seduce General Smedley Butler (1881-1940) to overthrow Franklin Delano Roosevelt. They claim that the New Deal designed by the president to reactivate the country does not do well to the business class.

October

• October 5: In Asturias, Spain, the Revolution of 1934 takes place in which a group of uprisings of leftist ideology takes over for fifteen days facing the Government of the Second Republic.
• October 6: Lluís Companys proclaims the Catalan State, within a non-existent "Federal Republic" following the 1934 Revolution.
• October 9: In Marseilles, France, Bulgarian terrorist Vlado Chernozemski murders King Alexander I of Yugoslavia and French minister Louis Barthou.
• October 16: In China, Mao Tsé Tung begins the Long March.
• 21 October: the bullring of Las Ventas is opened in Madrid.

November

• 7 November: in Buenos Aires Leoplán Get your first number out for sale.
• 9 November: In Buenos Aires the third branch of the underground porteño is inaugurated: Line C.
• The Vegan SocietyThe Vegan Society) is founded in United Kingdom.

December

• December 1st: in Mexico, Lázaro Cárdenas assumes the presidency.

Births

January

• January 2: Víctor García de la Concha, filologist and Spanish writer.
• January 3: Carlos Muñoz, Colombian television actor (f. 2016).
• January 4th: Guillermo Velásquez Ramírez, football referee (f. 2017).
• January 6: Sylvia Syms, British actress.
• January 8: Jacques Anquetil, French cyclist (f. 1987).
• January 9: Carlos Cámara, Dominican actor (f. 2016).
• January 10: Leonid Kravchuk, Ukrainian politician (f. 2022).
• January 11: Jean Chrétien, Canadian Prime Minister.
• 11 January: Antonio Seguí, painter, sculptor and Argentine illustrator (f. 2022).
• January 15: Lee O Young, South Korean literary novelist and critic (f. 2022).
• January 18: José Manuel Romay Beccaría, Spanish politician.
• January 18: César Bertrand, Uruguayan actor (f. 2008).
• January 20: Tom Baker, British actor.
• January 23: Carmine Caridi, American actor (f. 2019).
• January 26: Fernando Cardenal, Nicaraguan priest, Minister of Education and theologian of liberation (f. 2016).
• January 27: Edith Cresson, French policy.
• January 30: Claudio Rodríguez, Spanish poet (f. 1999).

February

• February 5: Hank Aaron, American baseball player (f. 2021).
• February 7: Eddie Fenech Adami, Maltese politician.
• February 10: Rafael Ferrari, Honduran magnate (f. 2018).
• 11 February: John Surtees, British bike rider and Formula 1 (f. 2017).
• February 11: Lourdes Canale, Mexican actress (f. 2012).
• February 12: Caroline Worsley, Scottish aristocrat.
• February 16: Rafael Pérez Estrada, Spanish writer (f. 2000).
• 17 February: Alan Bates, British actor (f. 2003).
• February 18: Audre Lorde, American poet and activist (f. 1992).
• February 18: Paco Rabbane, Spanish fashion designer.
• February 20: Rubén García, Uruguayan comic actor (f. 2013).
• February 20: Bobby Unser, American motor racing pilot (f. 2021).
• February 23: Augusto Algueró, director of orchestra and Spanish composer (f. 2011).
• February 24: Bettino Craxi, Italian politician (f. 2000).
• February 24: Bingu wa Mutharika, president of Malavé (f. 2012).
• February 25: Juan Joya, Peruvian footballer. (f. 2007).
• February 27: Ralph Nader, American activist and politician.
• February 28: Mandolino, a Chilean comedian (f. 2014).

March

• March 3: Helenita Vargas, Colombian singer (f. 2011).
• March 9: Yuri Gagarin, Soviet cosmonaut (f. 1968).
• 14 March: Leonid Rógozov, a Russian doctor who practiced self-surgery (f. 2000).
• 14 March: Dionigi Tettamanzi, Italian cardinal (f. 2017).
• March 25: Gloria Steinem, journalist, writer and feminist activist.
• March 26: Alan Arkin, American actor.
• March 31: Shirley Jones, American actress.

April

Pina Pellicer

• April 3: Pina Pellicer, Mexican actress (f. 1964).
• April 5: Roman Herzog, former German president (f. 2017).
• April 6: Enrique Álvarez Félix, Mexican actor (f. 1996).
• April 6: Anton Geesink, Dutch yudoca (f. 2010).
• April 6: Guy Peellaert, painter, illustrator and Belgian photographer (f. 2008).
• April 7: Ian Richardson, British actor (f. 2007).
• April 19: Jean Ziegler, Swiss writer, politician and critic.
• April 23: Jaime de Jaraíz, Extremadura painter (f. 2007).
• April 24: Shirley MacLaine, American actress.
• April 26: Manuel Zarzo, Spanish actor.
• April 29: Luis Aparicio, Venezuelan baseball player.

May

• 1 May: Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas Solórzano, Mexican politician
• 3 May: Georges Moustaki, Egyptian singer (f. 2013).
• May 3: Frankie Valli, American singer.
• 4 May: Tatiana Samóilova, Russian actress (f. 2014).
• May 9: Alan Bennett, British writer.
• May 14: Campo Elías Delgado, Colombian murderer, Vietnam veteran (f. 1986).
• May 19: Julio César Matías, Dominican actor (f. 1986).
• May 23: Robert Moog, American engineer, synthesizer inventor (f. 2005).
• May 24: Canário (Darcy Silveira dos Santos), Brazilian footballer.
• May 27: Harlan Ellison, American writer (f. 2018).
• May 27: Enzo Siciliano, Italian writer (f. 2006).
• May 31: Pablo Castellano Cardalliaguet, Spanish politician.

June

• June 2: Edgar Perea, Colombian sports reporter and journalist (f. 2016).
• 6 June: Alberto II, Belgian aristocrat.

Rubén Aguirre

• June 15: Rubén Aguirre, Mexican actor and comedian (f. 2016).
• June 15: Mikel Laboa, Spanish singer (f. 2008).
• June 19: Bonifacio Alfonso, a Spanish painter (f. 2011).
• June 19: Nélida Lobato, actress and vedette argentina (f. 1982).
• June 19: Rubén López Ardón, Nicaraguan bishop.
• June 22: James Bjorken, American theoretical physicist.
• June 24: George Odlum, an actor and a saintly politician (f. 2003).
• June 25: Beatriz Sheridan, Mexican actress and director (f. 2006).
• June 26: Dave Grusin, pianist, American arranger and composer.
• June 28: Georges Wolinski, French cartoonist (f. 2015).
• June 28: Michael Artin, American mathematician.
• June 28:Carl American Levinolithic.(f.2021)
• June 29: Jorge Lozano Soriano, writer and producer of Argentine television.
• June 29: Gabriel Bermúdez Castillo, Spanish writer (f. 2019).
• June 29: José García Muñiz, Spanish navy.

July

• 1 July: Claude Berri, French filmmaker (f. 2009).
• July 1st: Sydney Pollack, American filmmaker (f. 2008).
• July 1st: Jean Marsh, British actress.
• July 1st: Jesús García Ariño, Spanish player.
• July 2: Lou Carrigan (Antonio Vera Ramírez), Spanish writer.
• July 3: Ricardo Barrios Arrechea, doctor and politician.
• July 4: Carmen Santonja, Spanish singer and composer, of the Vainica Double (f. 2000).
• July 5: Adriana Roel, Mexican actress (f. 2022).
• July 5: Eduardo Oconitrillo García, Costa Rican writer.
• July 11: Giorgio Armani, fashion designer, military and Italian businessman.
• July 11: Jaume Traserra Cunillera, Spanish Catholic bishop (f. 2019).
• July 12: Gualberto Castro, Mexican actor and singer (f. 2019).
• July 13: Wole Soyinka, Nigerian writer.
• July 14: Angel del Pozo, actor and Spanish film director.
• July 16: George Hilton, Uruguayan-Italian actor (f. 2019).
• 21 July: Martin Bonnet, Argentine military (f. 2020).
• July 21: Jonathan Miller, director of theatre and opera, writer, essayist, presenter, sculptor, humorist, doctor and psychiatrist English (f. 2019).
• July 22: Louise Fletcher, American actress.
• July 28: Helen Escobedo, Mexican sculptor (f. 2010).

August

• August 14: Lucien Clergue, French photographer (f. 2014).
• August 14: Calixto Ochoa, Colombian singer of Vallenata music (f. 2015).
• August 22: Norman Schwarzkopf, American military (f. 2012).
• August 23: Barbara Eden, American actress.
• August 28: Toscanito (Andrés Poggio), a child actor and an Argentine businessman.

September

• 2 September: Allen Carr, British writer (f. 2006).
• September 3: Lucien Müller, footballer and French coach.
• September 4: Carlos Timoteo Griguol, footballer and Argentine coach (f. 2021).
• September 4: Jan Švankmajer, sculptor, designer and Czech poet.
• September 4: Eduard Jil: Russian baritone (f. 2012).
• 7 September: Omar Karami, Lebanese politician (f. 2015).
• 9 September: Nicholas Liverpool, president of Dominica (f. 2015).
• September 11:Tico Medina, Spanish journalist (f. 2021)
• September 14: Katte Millett, writer, teacher, artist and radical American feminist activist (f. 2017).
• September 12: Ana Bertha Lepe, Mexican actress (f. 2013).
• September 17: Francisco López Contreras, footballer and Guatemalan coach.
• September 20: Sophia Loren, Italian actress.
• September 21: María Rubio, Mexican actress (f. 2018).
• September 22: Perucho Conde, humorist, poet, writer and humorous Venezuelan actor.
• September 21: Leonard Cohen, Canadian singer (f. 2016).
• September 27: Wilford Brimley, American actor (f. 2020).
• September 27: Dick Schaap, American announcer (f. 2001).
• September 28: Brigitte Bardot, French actress.

October

• October 1: Emilio Botín, Spanish banker (f. 2014).
• October 7: Amiri Baraka, American poet and musical critic (f. 2014).
• 13 October: Nana Mouskouri, Greek singer.
• October 14: Horacio Accavallo, Argentine boxer.(f.2022)
• October 14: Óscar López Balestra, Uruguayan politician.
• October 19: Glória Menezes, Brazilian actress.
• October 26: Pepe Sánchez, actor and Colombian television director (f. 2016).

November

• 2 November: José Santos Colmenarez, journalist and Venezuelan journalist (f. 2020).
• 5 November: Kira Muratova, Soviet filmmaker (f. 2018).
• 9 November: Miriam Fletcher, a Venezuelan journalist (f. 2013).
• 9 November: Carl Sagan, American scientific divulner and astronomer (f. 1996).
• 9 November: Ingvar Carlsson, Swedish politician.
• 12 November: Charles Manson, American murderer (f. 2017).
• 12 November: Enrique Macaya Márquez, Argentine sports journalist.
• November 15: Stephen Hymer, Canadian economist (f. 1974).
• November 19: Kurt Hamrin, Swedish footballer.
• November 19: Valentine Kozmich Ivanov, Russian footballer (f. 2011).
• November 19: Joanne Kyger, American Buddhist poet, of the Beat Generation (f. 2017).
• November 22: Aldyr García Schlee, writer, journalist, translator, graphic designer and Brazilian professor, creator of the Brazilian football team's official shirt (f. 2018).

December

Maggie Smith

• December 9: Judi Dench, British actress.
• December 11: Ulysses Estrada, a Cuban revolutionary (f. 2014).
• December 12: Miguel de la Madrid, Mexican politician, president between 1982 and 1988 (f. 2012).
• December 15: Elisa Montés, Spanish actress.
• December 16: Rodolfo Llinás, a Colombian scientist and neurophysiologist.
• 16 December: Pablo Sorozábal Serrano, composer, writer and Spanish translator (f. 2007).
• December 18: Lía Jelín, actress, dancer, theatre director and Argentine choreographer.
• December 19: Rudi Carrell, Dutch actor and singer (f. 2006).
• December 19: Pratibha Patil, Indian president.
• December 21: Irma Dorantes, Mexican actress.
• December 27: Aidan chambers, British writer
• December 28: Maggie Smith, British actress.

Unknown dates

• Haydée Castillo, politics and Venezuelan economist.
• Silvio Mayorga, a Nicaraguan guerrilla (f. 1967).

Deaths

• January 1st: Jakob Wassermann, German writer (n. 1873).
• January 8: Andréi Bely, Russian poet and novelist (n. 1880).
• January 10: Marinus van der Lubbe, an albañil and a Dutch communist activist (n. 1909).
• 17 January: Mariano Dubón, priest and Servant of God Nicaragua (n. 1862).
• January 29: Fritz Haber, a German chemical, a nobel chemistry award in 1918 (n. 1868).
• February 9: Claudio Williman, Uruguayan President (n. 1861).
• February 23: Edward Elgar, British composer.
• February 23: Augusto César Sandino, a Nicaraguan guerrilla (n. 1895).
• 25 May: Gustav Holst, British composer (n. 1874).
• May 25: Julio Martín, entrepreneur, industrial and pioneer Swiss-Argentine (f. 1934).
• May 30: Tōgō Heihachirō, Japanese admiral (n. 1848).
• May 30: Julia Lopes de Almeida, a Brazilian writer and feminist (n. 1862).
• June 30: Ernst Röhm, German military (n. 1887).
• 4 July: Marie Curie, chemistry, physics, nobel prize of physics in 1903 and chemistry in 1911 (n. 1867).
• July 22: John Herbert Dillinger, American bank robber (n. 1903).
• 25 July: Engelbert Dollfuss, Austrian chancellor between 1932 and 1934 (n. 1892).
• 25 July: Nestor Makhno, Ukrainian anarchist (n. 1889).
• 27 July: Louis Hubert Lyautey, French military (n. 1854).
• 2 August: Paul von Hindenburg, German president between 1925 and 1934 (n. 1847).
• 13 August: Ignacio Sánchez Mejías (43), Spanish bullfighter (n. 1891).
• 2 September: Miguel Morilla El Atarfeño (24), Spanish bullfighter (n. 1909).
• September 10: George Henschel, pianist, director of German orchestra and composer, nationalized British (n. 1850).
• 1 October: Luis Amigó Ferrer, a Spanish religious and bishop (n. 1854).
• 6 October: Alexander I, king of Yugoslavia between 1929 and 1934 (n. 1888).
• 6 October: Louis Barthou, a French lawyer and politician (n. 1862).
• 13 October: the "Rosa Roja de Asturias" (Aída Lafuente), a Spanish communist activist.
• 15 October: Raymond Poincaré, French president between 1913 and 1920 (n. 1860).
• October 17: Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Spanish histologist, nobel prize for medicine in 1906 (n. 1852).
• 7 November: Juan Bautista Quirós Segura, a Costa Rican politician (n. 1853).
• December 28: Pablo Gargallo, Spanish sculptor and painter (n. 1881).

Art and literature

• In the United States, the cartoonist Alex Raymond creates Flash Gordon for the King Features Syndicate.
• Hergé starts publishing for deliveries in Le Petit Vingtième the comic that will then be known as The Blue Lotus.
• Graham Greene (British writer, 1904-1991): It's a battlefield..
• Salvador Dalí (Spanish painter): Guillermo Tell.
• José Díez-Canseco (Peruvian writer) published in Chile his novel Duque.
• Jorge Icaza (Ecuador writer): Huasipungo (novela).
• Agatha Christie: publishes books Murder at the Orient Express, The trajectory of the boom, The mystery of Listerdale, Parker Pyne investigates, Tragedy in three acts; Unfinished portrait (under the pseudonym of Mary Westmacott).
• F. Scott Fitzgerald: Suave is the night.
• Henry Miller: Tropic of Cancer.
• George Orwell: The days of Burma.
• Evelyn Waugh: A handful of dust.
• Federico García Lorca: Yerma.
• James M. Cain: The mailman always calls twice.
• Edgar Rice Burroughs: Pirates of Venus.
• J. R. R. Tolkien: The Adventures of Tom Bombadil, The sea bell.
• J. B. Priestley: Eden Term.
• Antonio Berni (Argentian painter, 1905-1981): The unemployed.

Cinema

• The happy divorce (The gay divorcee)Mark Sandrich (with Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers).
• Caution of desire (Of Human Bondage)John Cromwell.
• Imperial Capricho (The Scarlet Empress)Josef Von Sternberg.
• The Supper of the Defendants (The Thin Man)W. S. Van Dyke.
• Broken hearts (Break of hearts)Philip Moeller.
• Lady for a day (Lady for a Day)Frank Capra.
• Public enemy number one (Manhattan Melodrama)W. S. Van Dyke.
• Strictly confidential (Broadway Bill)Frank Capra.
• The Ghost of the Convent of Fernando de Fuentes (Mexico). Probably the first Mexican sound film strictly of the horror genre, with some influence of the German Expressionist current.
• The daughter of the convict (His Greatest Gamble)John S. Robertson.
• The man who knew too much (The Man Who Knew Too Much)Alfred Hitchcock.
• The Treasure IslandVictor Fleming.
• The woman of the port by Arcady Boytler (Mexico). Listed as one of the top 10 Mexican films of all time according to the magazine list We are of 1994.
• Calling a killer (Midnight)Chester Erskine.
• Maria Galante (Marie Galante)Henry King.
• Mauvaise Graine (Dangerous grapes)Billy Wilder.
• Mystic and rebellious (Spitfire)John Cromwell.
• The woman of all (La signora di tutti)Max Ophüls.
• The richest woman in the world (The Richest Girl in the World)William A. Seiter.
• It's not sin. (Belle of the Nineties)Leo McCarey.
• Our daily bread (Our Daily Bread)King Vidor.
• Lost patrol (The Lost Patrol)John Ford.
• The scarlet pimpinela (The Scarlet Pimpernel)Harold Young's.
• Gypsy blood (The Little Minister)Richard Wallace.
• It happened one night. (It Happened One Night)Frank Capra.
• Vienna Valses (Waltzes from Vienna)Alfred Hitchcock.
• CleopatraCecil B. DeMille.

Sports

• June 10: Italy celebrates the world football championship: Italy wins its first Football World Cup by winning in the final to Czechoslovakia for 2-1.
• Uruguay Soccer Championship: National
• First Division of Chile: Magellan.
• Argentina First Division Championship: Boca Juniors

Television

Nobel laureates

• Physics: 1/3 for the Main Fund and 2/3 for the Special Fund of this section of the award.
• Chemistry: Harold Clayton Urey.
• Medicine: George Hoyt Whipple, George Richards Minot, William Parry Murphy.
• Literature: Luigi Pirandello.
• Peace: Arthur Henderson.