1912

1912 (MCMXII) was a leap year beginning on a Monday in the Gregorian calendar.

Events

January

• 1 January: the Republic of China is established.
• 4 January: a new football team called Real Balompédica Linense Club dean of the countryside of Gibraltar was founded in La Line de la Concepción.
• 6 January:
  • New Mexico begins to be part of the United States as forty-seventh State.
  • The geophysicist Alfred Wegener presents his theory of continental drift.
• 17 and 18 January: British explorer Robert F. Scott arrives in the South Pole, just over a month after Norwegian Roald Amundsen arrived.
• January 28: in Ecuador, La Hoguera Barbara takes place, an event in which an organized "chusma" kills and drags the former president Eloy Alfaro, in addition to Medardo Alfaro, Flavio Alfaro, Ulpiano Páez, Luciano Coral, and Manuel Serrano, leaders of the Liberal Revolution, and burns their bodies.

February

• February 2: In Germany the new public lighting of neon gas is inaugurated.
• February 3: the kings of Spain depart from Madrid to Ferrol in order to attend the launch of the "Spain", the new ship armored from the Navy.
• 5 February: the battleship is launched Spain, first of the warships built after the destruction of the Spanish Navy in the wars of Cuba and the Philippines.
• February 6: Colombia: The first copy of the newspaper El Colombiano de Medellín circulates.
• 9 February: some neighborhoods of Seville are flooded by the overflow of Guadalquivir.
• February 12: Sun Yat-sen resigns and Yuan Shikai assumes the presidency of China.
• 13 February: the Chinese imperial government recognizes the Argentine Republic. The National Congress grants a company the construction of subway line B.
• February 14: Arizona is admitted as the forty-eighth State of the Union.
• February 17: Edgar Evans, one of Robert Falcon Scott's companions, died in the sadly completed South Pole expedition of 1911-1912.
  • In Spain the sessions of the Chambers are suspended on the occasion of the carnival.
  • In the Palau de la Música Catalana, an assembly of the Union of Viticultors is held.
• 23 February:
  • Italy bombs Beirut (Lebanon). The war between Italy and Turkey begins.
  • In Switzerland, the works of the Jungfrau tunnel began at 3457 m high.
• 29 February: in Tandil (Argentina), the Stone moved.

March

• March 1st: Albert Berry jumps from an airplane to test the first parachute.
• 6 March: the Italian army becomes the first to use airships in a war, when two airships bombarded a Turkish military camp in Janzur.
• March 17: Lawrence Oates, a member of the expedition to the south pole of Robert Falcon Scott, knowing agonizing and not delaying his companions, leaves the tent (the day of his birthday) saying: "I am just going outside and may be some time" (I leave for a moment outside, and it may be a while). He never came back.
• March 26: A posthumous chapter already predicted by Robert Falcon Scott, who writes a few words of farewell. The last warm and alive breath that survived the ice. The last cry of hope. "We will persevere until the end, but we find ourselves weaker, of course, and the end cannot be far. It is a shame, but I don't think I can write anymore. For the love of God, the care of our people"
• March 27: Yukio Ozaki, mayor of Tokyo, gives 3000 ceremonies to the U.S. government to be planted in Washington D.C., to symbolize friendship between the two countries.
• March 29: The three remaining members of the Scott team in the South Pole were left without food and without fuel. They died together, with Edward Adrian Wilson and Henry Robertson Bowers in a sleeping position and Robert Falcon Scott between them, with his open sack and an arm over Wilson.
• 30 March: The Third French Republic establishes the French Protector of Morocco.

April

• April 2, a partial eclipse of the Moon occurs.
• 10 April: The Transatlantic Titanic Southampton sail to New York
• April 12: In Tuguegarao (Philippines) the highest temperature is recorded in the History of that country: 42.2 °C (107,9 °F).

The RMS Titanic sinks on April 15, 1912.

• 14 April: in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean Titanic "that he made his inaugural journey from Southampton to New York with 2200 people on board," collids with an iceberg at 23:40, causing his sinking less than three hours later.
• April 15: In the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, the RMS Titanic ends at 2:20 am. They lose 1496 lives.
• April 18: The RMS Carpathia arrives in New York after rescuing 712 survivors from the sinking of the Titanic.
• 30 April:
  • The American Football Clube team was founded in the Brazilian city of Belo Horizonte.
  • Carl Laemmle together with Mark Dintenfass and others founded the popular film company Universal Pictures.

May

• May 6: In New York, suffrageists hold a feminist demonstration.
• May 8: Adolph Zukor founded the film company Paramount Pictures.
• 9 May: the first issue of the magazine is published World Galante.
• 17 May:
  • In Bionassay, 2400 meters is built the highest railway line of the Alps.
  • By legislative decree, the shield and flag of El Salvador are legally adopted as patriotic symbols.
• May 23: A strong earthquake of 7.9 is recorded in Burma.

June

• June 4: Chile founded the Socialist Workers Party, which will give rise to the Communist Party of Chile.
• June 6–8: Mount Novarupta in Alaska erupted.
• June 9: Murders of the axe in Villisca (Iowa), murder in Villisca still unresolved.
• June 25: In Alcorta (Argentina) the agrarian rebellion known as the Alcorta Grito began.

July

• July 1st: Argentina Club Almirante Brown is founded
• 17 July: the International Association of Athletics Federation is founded under the name of the International Federation of Amateur Athletics Federation (in English, International Amateur Athletics Federation) by representatives of 17 national athletics federations, at its first congress held in Stockholm, Sweden.
• July 24: Mexico founded the Free School of Law.
• July 30: In Spain the Spanish Explorers are founded (an official sign of Sculpture in Spain).

August

• 9 August: in Turkey there is an earthquake of 7.4 that leaves 3,000 dead.
• August 14: U.S. troops, led by General Butler, invade Nicaragua and occupy the streets of its capital, Managua. The U.S. Marines have thus responded to the call for aid issued by the weakened Nicaraguan President Adolfo Díaz, unable to contain the popular insurrection against the government that threatens to overthrow him.

September

• September 22: The World Worker's House was founded in Mexico City.

October

• October 1st: Paraguay founded the Club Cerro Porteño football club
• October 8: Montenegro declares war on the Ottoman Empire, beginning the First Balkan War.
• 14 October: in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, Theodore Roosevelt survives an attack.
• October 18: Italy and the Ottoman Empire signed the Treaty of Lausanne, which ends the Italo-Turkish War, so Libya becomes an Italian colony.

November

• 5 November: United States presidential elections of 1912. Democrat Woodrow Wilson comfortably beats Republican President William Howard Taft, who does not succeed in re-election, and the progressive candidate, Theodore Roosevelt for a leftover 335 electoral votes for the Democrats, 108 for Republicans and 88 for progressives.
• 12 November: at Puerta del Sol (Madrid) José Canalejas, president of the Spanish Government, was murdered.
• 19 November: In Acambay, Mexico, there is an earthquake of 6.9 that leaves a balance of 161 dead.
• 21 November: The Club Deportivo Tenerife is founded.
• November 23: In Colombia he founded the first Colombian team The Cali Football Club, a precursor to the current Deportivo Cali, which was founded in 1959.

December

• December 8: The Di Domenico brothers premiere the cinema in Colombia.
• 21 December:
  • Denmark, Norway and Sweden declare their neutrality in the event of war.
  • In Mexico, the rebels sent by Pascual Orozco take over Casas Grandes (Chihua).
• December 28: In Mérida, the Sportiva Emeritense football club was founded (now Mérida Sports Association).

Unknown date

• Tibet declares itself independent.
• In Seville, the Caños de Carmona are demolished by readjustments in the city.
• In the Canary Islands the seven Island Cabildos, exclusive agencies of these islands, are created with some political, administrative, economic and fiscal autonomy.

Art and literature

• Alexander Berkman: Memories of an anarchist in prison.
• Edgar Rice Burroughs: A princess of Mars.
• Edgar Rice Burroughs: Tarzan of the monkeys.
• Arthur Conan Doyle: The lost world.
• Carl Gustav Jung: Transformations and symbols of the libido.
• Franz Kafka: Contemplation.
• Franz Kafka: Condemnation.
• Antonio Machado: Campos de Castilla.
• Thomas Mann: Death in Venice.
• Ezra Pound: Riposts.
• Bertrand Russell: The Problems of Philosophy.
• George Bernard Shaw: Pygmalion.
• James Stephens: The golden pot.
• León Tolstói: Hadji Murat (posthumously published).
• Miguel de Unamuno: From the tragic feeling of life.
• Piotr Uspenski: Tertium organum.
• H. G. Wells: Marriage.
• William Butler Yeats: The Green Helmet and other Poems.

Science and technology

• Rutherford: Discover the nucleus of the atom.
• Max von Laue: Invents X-ray crystallography.
• Fernando Lahille Describes for the first time the glasses marsopa (Dioptric Phocoena)
• Alfred Wegener: published "The Origin of the Continents and the Oceans" and for this work is considered one of the fathers of modern geology (Theory of the continental drift).
• Piltdown Man: One of the greatest scientific frauds appears.

Sports

• April 1 It was founded in Ituzaingo the Club Atlético Ituzaingo
• Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden.
• Uruguayan Football Championship: National is dedicated champion for the third time.
• Intermediate of the Argentine Federation of Foot-ball soccer: Club Atlético Tigre is proclaimed champion of the middle of the Argentine Federation of Foot-ball in 1912.
• April 14, Brazil's Santos is founded.
• 1 May: it was founded in San Justo (Santa Fe), Argentina, the Club Colón de San Justo.

June 12: Founded in Tegucigalpa (Francisco Morazan), Honduras, the Olympics, as a baseball team.

• October 1, the Club Cerro Porteño de Paraguay is founded.
• November 1, the Temperley Atlético Club was founded in Argentina.
• 21 November, the Club Deportivo Tenerife is founded on the homonym island.
• November 23, the Deportivo Cali de Colombia was founded
• December 28: the Mérida Sports Club is founded.

Births

January

• January 2: Renato Guttuso, Italian painter (f. 1987).
• January 6: Celso Emilio Ferreiro, Spanish poet (f. 1979).
• January 6: Loretta Young, American actress (f. 2000).
• January 21: Konrad Bloch, German chemist, Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1964 (f. 2000).
• January 23: Lucho Bermúdez, singer, arrangeist composer, clarinetist and director (f. 1994).
• January 28: Jackson Pollock, American painter (f. 1956).
• January 30: Horst Matthai Quelle, German philosopher (f. 1999).
• January 31: Camilo Ponce Enríquez, Ecuadorian politician (f. 1976).

February

• February 2: Millvina Dean, the last survivor of the Titanic sinking (f. 2009).
• 20 February: Pierre Boulle, French writer (f. 1994).

March

• March 19: Adolf Galland, German military (f. 1996).
• March 23: Werner von Braun, German-American space engineer (f. 1977).

April

• 14 April: Robert Doisneau, French photographer (f. 1994).
• 15 April: Kim Il-sung, leader of North Korea between 1948 and 1994 (f. 1994).

May

• May 8: George Woodcock, Canadian writer and poet (f. 1995).

Pedro Armendáriz

• May 9: Pedro Armendáriz, Mexican actor (f. 1963).
• May 28: Patrick White, Australian writer, Nobel Prize in Literature in 1973 (f. 1990).

June

• 4 June: Robert Jacobsen Danish artist (f. 1993).
• 12 June: Gonzalo Rico Avello, Spanish jurist (f. 1994).
• June 23: Alan Turing, British mathematician (f. 1954).
• June 30: Leopoldo Zea, Mexican philosopher (f. 2004).
• June 30: Antonio Gómez Cano Spanish painter (f. 1984).

July

• July 20: Enrique Gil Guerra, a Spanish painter (f. 1996).
• July 24: Arturo Acebal-Idígoras, painter, sculptor and Basque ceramist of Argentine origin (f. 1977).
• July 24: Alejandro "Patón" Carrasquel, Venezuelan baseball player (f. 1969).
• July 31: Milton Friedman, an American economist (f. 2006).
• August 9: Igor Markevitch, director of Ukrainian orchestra and composer (f. 1983).

August

• August 10: Jorge Amado, Brazilian writer (f. 2001).
• August 12: Ertugrul Osman V, Turkish- Ottoman aristocrat (f. 2009).
• August 12: Samuel Fuller, American filmmaker (f. 1997).
• August 15: Elizabeth Kerr, American actress (f. 2000).
• August 15: Julia Child, American French food cook (f. 2004).
• August 18: Elsa Morante, Italian writer (f. 1985).
• August 23: Gene Kelly, American actor and dancer (f. 1996).
• August 25: Erich Honecker, politician and president of the German Democratic Republic between 1976 and 1989 (f. 1994).
• August 25: Narcissus Ibáñez Menta, actor and Spanish theatre director (f. 2004).
• August 30: Nancy Wake, New Zealand journalist and spy (f. 2011).
• August 31: Ramón Vinay, Chilean opera singer (f. 1996).

September

• 4 September: Gunther Lützow, German military aviator (f. 1945).
• September 5: John Cage, American composer (f. 1992).
• September 8: Alexander Mackendrick, American filmmaker (f. 1993).
• September 11: Apa Sahib Pant, politician, diplomat and Indian writer (f. 1992).
• 14 September: Ada Carrasco, Mexican actress (f. 1994).
• September 18, María de la Cruz Toledo, activist and Chilean journalist (f. 1995)
• September 29: Michelangelo Antonioni, Italian filmmaker (f. 2007).

October

• 1 October: Tulio Jacovella, journalist, book editor and Argentine writer (f. 1994).
• 7 October: Fernando Belaunde Terry, architect, politician and president of the Republic of Peru (f. 2002).
• October 8: Roger Pla, writer and critic of Argentine art (f. 1982).
• October 10: Juan Ingallinella, Argentine communist doctor; murdered (f. 1955).
• 17 October: John Paul I, Pope of the Catholic Church (f. 1978).
• October 27: Conlon Nancarrow, Mexican composer of American origin (f. 1997).

November

• 3 November: Alfredo Stroessner Matiauda, militar, politician and dictator Paraguay (f. 2006).
• November 20: Oton of Habsburg-Lorraine, prince heir of Austro-Hungarian (f. 2011).
• November 30: Hugo del Carril, film director, actor, screenwriter and Argentine singer (f. 1989).

December

• 1 December: Minoru Yamasaki, American architect (f. 1986).
• December 8th Guillermina Medrano Aranda, Spanish teacher and policy (n. 2005)
• 31 December: John Dutton Frost, British military (f. 1993).

Deaths

January

• 1 January: Cleto Zavala, Spanish composer (n. 1847).
• January 28: Eloy Alfaro, Ecuadorian President (n. 1842).
• January 28: Gustave de Molinari, Liberal and Belgian economist (n.1819)

March

• March 29: Robert Falcon Scott, British explorer (n. 1868).
• March 30: Karl May, German novelist.

April

• 15 April: 1496 victims of transatlantic sinking Titanicamong them:
  • Thomas Andrews (39), British naval architect (n. 1873).
  • John Jacob Astor IV (47), American millionaire (n. 1864).
  • Archibald Butt (46), American journalist and military, assistant to Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Taft (n. 1865).
  • Thomas Byles (42), English Catholic priest (n. 1870).
  • Jacques Futrelle (37), French writer (n. 1875).
  • Benjamin Guggenheim (46), American businessman and millionaire (n. 1865).
  • John Harper (40), pastor of a Baptist church; put her daughter Annie Jessie Harper (8) safe and refused her place in a boat (n. 1872).
  • Wallace Hartley, British violinist (n. 1878).
  • Francis David Millet (45), painter, sculptor, reporter and American essayist (n. 1846).
  • James Paul Moody (24), officer of the Titanic (n. 1887).
  • William McMaster Murdoch (39), officer of the Titanic (n. 1873).
  • Jack Phillips (25), Radio Titanic (n. 1887).
  • Edward John Smith, British merchant marine, Captain of the Titanic (n. 1850).
  • William Thomas Stead (62), journalist, pioneer of investigative journalism, and British editor (n. 1849).
  • Isidor Straus (67), American businessman, co-owner of the Macy's warehouses and congressman in the U.S. House of Representatives (n. 1845).
  • Ida Straus (63), wife of Isidor Straus (n. 1849).
  • Manuel Uruchurtu (39), Mexican deputy (n. 1872).
  • Henry Wilde (39), Chief of Officers Titanic (n. 1872).
• April 20: Pedro Lira, Chilean painter (n. 1845).
• April 20: Bram Stoker, British writer (n. 1847).
• April 21: Benito Juárez Maza, Governor of Oaxaca from 1911 to 1912 (n. 1852)
• May 5: Rafael Pombo, a Colombian writer and diplomat (n. 1833).
• May 14: August Strindberg, Swedish writer and playwright (n. 1849).
• May 19: Marcelino Menéndez Pelayo, polygraph, politician and Spanish scholar (n. 1856).
• May 30: Wilbur Wright, American aviator (n. 1867).
• 12 June: Frédéric Passy, a French politician and economist, Nobel Peace Prize in 1901 (n. 1822).
• 25 June: Hubert Latham, French pilot (n.1883)
• 17 July: Henri Poincaré, mathematician and man of French science (n. 1854).
• July 25: Fernando Álvarez de Sotomayor y Flores, militar e inventor española (n. 1844).
• August 6: Julio Herrera and Obes, Uruguayan president (n. 1841).
• 13 August: Jules Massenet, composer of French opera (n. 1842).
• August 19: Antonio Rodríguez Martínez (El Uncle de la Tiza), Spanish musician and composer (n. 1861).
• August 26: José María Velasco Gómez, Mexican landscape painter (n. 1840).
• October 4: Benjamin Francisco Zeledon Rodríguez, a lawyer, a politician and a Nicaraguan military officer (n. 1879).
• 16 October: Auguste Beernaert, Belgian statesman, Nobel Peace Prize in 1909 (n. 1829).
• 3 November: Mutsuhito, Japanese emperor (n. 1852).
• 12 November: José Canalejas, politician and Spanish writer (n. 1854).
• 21 November: Maximum Tajes, Uruguayan President (n. 1852).
• December 13: Vital Aza, Spanish comic playwright (n. 1851).

Nobel laureates

• Physics: Nils Gustaf Dalén.
• Chemistry: Victor Grignard and Paul Sabatier.
• Medicine: Alexis Carrel.
• Literature: Gerhart Johann Robert Hauptmann.
• Peace: Elihu Root.